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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.

ABOUT 155 RESULTS

Religious Law

Bahrain
  • English
    …
    b. The State guarantees reconciling the duties of women towards the family with their work in society, and their equality with men in political, social, cultural, and economic spheres without breaching the provisions of Islamic canon law (Shari’a).
    …
    d. Inheritance is a guaranteed right governed by the Islamic Shari’a. (Art. 5)
  • Arabic
    …
    ب - تكفل الدولة التوفيق بين واجبات المرأة نحو الأسرة وعملها في المجتمع، ومساواتها بالرجال في ميادين الحياة السياسية والاجتماعية والثـقافية والاقـتصادية دون إخلال بأحكام الشريعة الإسلامية.
    …
    د - الميراث حق مكفول تحكمه الشريعة الإسلامية. (المادّة 5)

Religious Law

Iran, Islamic Republic of
  • English
    The Islamic Republic is a system based on belief in:
    1. The One God (as stated in the phrase "There is no god except Allah"), His exclusive sovereignty and right to legislate, and the necessity of submission to His commands;
    2. Divine revelation and its fundamental role in setting forth the laws;
    … (Art. 2)
  • Persian
    جمهوری اسلامی، نظامی است بر پایه ایمان به:
    1- خدای یکتا (لااله الاالله) و اختصاص حاکمیت و تشریع به او و لزوم تسلیم در برابر امر او.
    2- وحی الهی و نقش بنیادی آن در بیان قوانین.
    ... (اصل 2)

Religious Law

Cyprus
  • English
    1. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution any matter relating to betrothal, marriage, nullity of marriage of members of the Greek-Orthodox Church or of a religious group to which the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 2 shall apply shall, on and after the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution, be governed by the law of the Greek-Orthodox Church or of the Church of such religious group, as the case may be. A Law shall provide for an attempt of reconciliation or of spiritual dissolution of marriage to be made before a Bishop.
    2. A. Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of the Greek-Orthodox Church, shall be cognizable by family courts each of which is composed:
    a) For a divorce trial, of three judges, one of which is a lawyer ecclesiastical officer appointed by the Greek Orthodox Church and presides over the Court and the other two of high professional and moral standard belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church are appointed by the Supreme Court among lawyers. If no ecclesiastical officer is appointed as above, the Supreme Court appoints the President of the Court as well.
    b) For any other trial, or one judge as a law shall provide.
    B. The divorce is maintainable only—
    a) For the grounds, under the Charter of the Holy Church of Cyprus, as are in force at the date of Enactment by the House of Representatives, of the First Amendment of the Constitution Law of 1989, in so far as they are not inconsistent with the Constitution;
    b) When the relations of the spouses have been so strongly shaken by a ground concerning the person of the defendant or of both spouses, which justifiably render continuation of the marital relation intolerable for the plaintiff; and
    c) For any other ground that a law may provide after the views of the Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus are being heard.
    3. Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of a religious group for which the provisions of the third paragraph of section 2 apply, shall be cognizable by a family court for which a law shall determine its establishment, composition and jurisdiction, mutatis mutandis to the above.
    4. Law shall provide for appeal against decisions of the family courts, for the composition of those who shall adjudicate and decide on these appeals and for the jurisdiction and powers of these appellate courts. A law enacted in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph may provide that the appellate court may be composed of one or more judges of the Supreme Court, sitting alone or together with another judge or other judges belonging to the judicial service of the Republic as the law may provide.
    5. Notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of this section, the free choice of a civil marriage is offered to the members of the Greek Community.
    6. Nothing in paragraph 1 of this Article contained shall preclude the application of the provisions of paragraph 5 of Article 90 to the execution of any judgment or order of any such tribunal. (Art. 111)
  • Greek
    (1).-Τηρουμένων των διατάξεων του Συντάγματος παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις την ελληνικήν ορθόδοξον Εκκλησίαν ή εις θρησκευτικήν ομάδα, δι’ ήν ισχύουσιν αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, σχέσιν έχον προς τον αρραβώνα, τον γάμον, το κύρος του γάμου, διέπεται από της ημερομηνίας της ενάρξεως της ισχύος του Συντάγματος υπό του εκκλησιαστικού νόμου της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας ή υπό του εκκλησιαστικού νόμου εκάστης θρησκευτικής ομάδος, αναλόγως της περιπτώσεως.
    Νόμος θέλει προβλέψει περί της ενώπιον Επισκόπου αποπείρας συνδιαλλαγής ή της πνευματικής λύσης του γάμου.
    (2).-Α. Παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις την ελληνικήν ορθόδοξον Εκκλησίαν, σχέσιν έχον προς το διαζύγιον, τον χωρισμόν από κοίτης και τραπέζης ή την συνοίκησιν των συζύγων ή τας οικογενειακάς σχέσεις διαγιγνώσκεται υπό οικογενειακών δικαστηρίων έκαστον των οποίων σύγκειται:
    (α) Εις την περί διαζυγίου δίκην εκ τριών δικαστών, ο είς των οποίων είναι αξιωματούχος κληρικός, νομομαθής διοριζόμενος υπό της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας και προεδρεύσει τούτου, οι δε έτεροι δύο επιλέγονται μεταξύ νομομαθών ανωτάτου επαγγελματικού και ηθικού επιπέδου ανηκόντων εις την υπό του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου. Εις ην περίπτωσιν το Ανώτατον Δικαστήριον διορίζει και τον Πρόεδρον του Δικαστηρίου.
    (β) Εις πάσαν άλλην δίκην εξ' ενός δικαστού ως νόμος θέλει ορίσει.
    Β. Το διαζύγιον χωρεί μόνον-
    (α) Διά τους εις το Καταστατικόν της Αγιωτάτης Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου λόγους ως ούτοι ισχύουν κατά την ημερομηνίαν ψηφίσεως υπό της Βουλής των Αντιπροσώπων του περί της Πρώτης Τροποποιήσεως του Συντάγματος Νόμου του 1989, εφ' όσον ούτοι δεν αντίκεινται προς το Σύνταγμα·
    (β) όταν αι μεταξύ των συζύγων σχέσεις έχουν κλονισθή τόσον ισχυρώς από λόγον ο οποίος αφορά το ώστε βασίμως η εξακολούθησις της εγγάμου σχέσεως να είναι αφόρητος διά τον ενάγοντα· και
    (γ) δι' οιονδήποτε έτερον λόγον ως νόμος θέλει ορίσει, αφού ακουσθώσιν αι απόψεις της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου.
    (3).- Παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις θρησκευτικήν ομάδα δι' ην ισχύουσιν αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, σχέσιν έχον προς το διαζύγιον, τον χωρισμόν από κοίτης και τραπέζης ή την συνοίκησιν των συζύγων ή τας οικογενειακάς σχέσεις διαγιγνώσκεται υπό οικογενειακού δικαστηρίου, περί της ιδρύσεως, της συνθέσεως και της δικαιοδοσίας του οποίου νόμος θέλει ορίσει, τηρουμένων των αναλογιών προς τα ανωτέρω.
    (4).- Νόμος θέλει προβλέψει περί της εφέσεως κατά των αποφάσεων των οικογενειακών δικαστηρίων, περί της συνθέσεως των δικαζόντων και αποφασιζόντων επί των εφέσεων τούτων, εκ και περί της δικαιοδοσίας και της εξουσίας των δευτεροβάθμιων τούτων δικαστηρίων. Νόμος συμφώνως ταις διατάξεσι της παρούσης παραγράφου δύναται να ορίση ότι το δευτεροβάθμιον δικαστήριον δύναται να απαρτίζηται εξ' ενός ή πλειόνων δικαστών του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου, συνεδριαζόντων μόνων ή μετ' άλλου ή άλλων δικαστών της δικαστικής υπηρεσίας της Δημοκρατίας, ως ο νόμος θέλει ορίσει.
    (5).- Ανεξαρτήτων των διατάξεων της πρώτης παραγράφου του παρόντος άρθρου εις τους ανήκοντας εις την Ελληνικήν Κοινότητα προσφέρεται η ελεύθερη επιλογή πολιτικού γάμου.
    (6).-Ουδέν εκ των εν τη πρώτη παραγράφω του παρόντος άρθρου διαλαμβανομένων δύναται να παρεμποδίσει την εφαρμογήν των διατάξεων της πέμπτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 90 προκειμένης εκτελέσεως οιασδήποτε αποφάσεως ή διαταγής παντός εκκλησιαστικού δικαστηρίου. (Αρθρον 111)
  • Turkish
    1. Bu Anayasanın hükümlerine tabi olarak, Yunan-Ortodoks Kilisesi üyelerinin veya 2.maddenin 3. fıkrası hükümlerinin uygulanacağı bir dini grubun nişanlanması, evlenmesi, evliliğinin geçersiz kılınması ile ilgili herhangi bir konu, bu Anayasanın yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte ve sonrasında, Yunan-Ortodoks Kilisesi veya bu tür dini grubun Kilisesi yasalarına tabidir. Bir yasa, bir Piskoposun önünde yapılacak bir uzlaşma veya evliliğin manevi olarak çözülme girişimini sağlayacaktır.
    1. Bu Anayasanın hükümlerine tabi olarak, Yunan-Ortodoks Kilisesi üyelerinin veya 2.maddenin 3. fıkrası hükümlerinin uygulanacağı bir dini grubun nişanlanması, evlenmesi, evliliğinin geçersiz kılınması ile ilgili herhangi bir konu, bu Anayasanın yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte ve sonrasında, Yunan-Ortodoks Kilisesi veya bu tür dini grubun Kilisesi yasalarına tabidir. Bir yasa, bir Piskoposun önünde yapılacak bir uzlaşma veya evliliğin manevi olarak çözülme girişimini sağlayacaktır.
    2. A. boşanma, adli ayrılık veya evlilik haklarının iadesi veya Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesi üyelerinin aile ilişkileri ile ilgili herhangi bir konu, her biri aile Mahkemeleri tarafından tanınabilir olacaktır composed:
    a) boşanma davası için, biri Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi tarafından atanan ve mahkemeye başkanlık eden bir avukat dini memuru olan üç hakimin ve Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi'ne ait diğer iki yüksek mesleki ve ahlaki standardın avukatları arasında Yüksek Mahkeme tarafından atanır. Hiçbir din görevlisi olarak yukarıda tayin edilirse, Yargıtay da Mahkeme Başkanı olarak atadı.
    b) başka bir yargılama için, ya da bir yargıç bir yasa olarak sağlayacaktır.
    B. boşanma sadece sürdürülebilir-
    a) gerekçesiyle, Kıbrıs Kutsal Kilisesi şartı altında, Temsilciler Meclisi tarafından yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte yürürlükte olduğu gibi, 1989 Anayasa Kanununun ilk değişiklik, şimdiye kadar Anayasa ile tutarsız değildir olarak;
    b) eşlerin ilişkileri, davalı veya her iki eşin kişisiyle ilgili bir zemin tarafından bu kadar güçlü bir şekilde sarsıldığında, davacı için evlilik ilişkisinin devam etmesini haklı olarak dayanılmaz hale getirir; ve
    c) Kıbrıs Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi'nin görüşleri dinlendikten sonra bir yasanın sağlayabileceği diğer herhangi bir zemin için.
    3. Boşanma, adli ayrılık veya evlilik haklarının iadesi veya bölüm 2'nin üçüncü fıkrası hükümlerinin uygulandığı bir dini grubun üyelerinin aile ilişkileri ile ilgili herhangi bir konu, bir yasanın kuruluşunu, bileşimini ve yargı yetkisini belirleyeceği bir aile Mahkemesi tarafından tanınabilir olacaktır.mutatis mutandis yukarıdakilere.
    4. Hukuk, aile mahkemelerinin kararlarına, bu itirazlara karar verecek ve karar verecek olanların kompozisyonuna ve bu temyiz mahkemelerinin yargı yetkisine ve yetkilerine itiraz sağlayacaktır. Bu fıkra hükümlerine göre çıkarılan bir kanun, temyiz Mahkemesinin, Kanunun sağlayabileceği şekilde, tek başına veya başka bir hakim veya Cumhuriyetin yargı hizmetine ait diğer hakimlerle birlikte oturan bir veya daha fazla Yargıtay hakiminden oluşabileceğini öngörebilir.
    5. Bu bölümün birinci fıkrasının hükümlerine bakılmaksızın, Yunan toplumunun üyelerine medeni bir evliliğin serbest seçimi sunulmaktadır.
    6. Bu maddenin 1. fıkrasında yer alan hiçbir şey, 90.maddenin 5. fıkrası hükümlerinin, bu tür bir mahkemenin herhangi bir kararının veya emrinin yerine getirilmesine uygulanmasını engelleyemez. (Madde 111)

Religious Law

Jordan
  • English
    …
    2. Matters of personal status are the matters specified by law and in accordance therewith fall within the sole jurisdiction of the Sharia Courts when the parties are Muslims. (Art. 103)
  • Arabic
    …
    2. مسائل الأحوال الشخصية هي المسائل التي يعينها القانون وتدخل بموجبه في إختصاص المحاكم الشرعية وحدها عندما يكون الفرقاء مسلمين. (المادّة 103)

Religious Law

Malaysia
  • English
    (1) Parliament may make laws with respect to any matter enumerated in the State List, but only as follows, that is to say:
    (a) for the purpose of implementing any treaty, agreement or convention between the Federation and any other country, or any decision of an international organization of which the Federation is a member;
    (b) for the purpose of promoting uniformity of the laws of two or more States; or
    (c) if so requested by the Legislative Assembly of any State.
    (2) No law shall be made in pursuance of paragraph (a) of Clause (1) with respect to any matters of Islamic law or the custom of the Malays or to any matters of native law or custom in the States of Sabah and Sarawak and no Bill for a law under that paragraph shall be introduced into either House of Parliament until the Government of any State concerned has been consulted.
    … (Art. 76)
  • Malay
    (1) Parlimen boleh membuat undang-undang mengenai apa-apa perkara yang disebut satu persatu dalam Senarai Negeri, tetapi hanya seperti yang berikut sahaja, iaitu:
    (a) bagi maksud melaksanakan apa-apa triti, perjanjian atau konvensyen antara Persekutuan dengan mana-mana negara lain, atau apa-apa keputusan sesuatu organisasi antarabangsa yang dianggotai oleh Persekutuan; atau
    (b) bagi maksud menggalakkan keseragaman undang-undang antara dua Negeri atau lebih; atau
    (c) jika diminta sedemikian oleh Dewan Undangan mana-mana Negeri.
    (2) Tiada undang-undang boleh dibuat menurut perenggan (a) Fasal (1) mengenai apa-apa perkara mengenai hukum Syarak atau adat orang Melayu atau mengenai apa-apa perkara tentang undang-undang atau adat anak negeri di Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak dan tiada Rang Undang-Undang bagi suatu undang-undang di bawah perenggan itu boleh dibawa di dalam manamana satu Majlis Parlimen sehingga Kerajaan mana-mana Negeri yang berkenaan telah dirundingi.
    … (Perkara 76)

Religious Law

Myanmar
  • English
    The Union may assist and protect the religions it recognizes to its utmost. (Sec. 363)
  • Burmese
    နိုင်ငံတော်သည်အသိအမှတ်ပြုထားသော ဘာသာသာသနာများကို တတ်နိုင်သမျှကူညီ စောင့်ရှောက်မည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၆၃)

Religious Law

Pakistan
  • English
    (1) The Court may, either of its own motion or on the petition of a citizen of Pakistan or the Federal Government or a Provincial Government, examine and decide the question whether or not any law or provision of law is repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam, as laid down in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet, hereinafter referred to as the Injunctions of Islam.
    … (Art. 203D)
  • Urdu
    (١) عدالت، یا تو خود اپنی تحریک پر یا پاکستان کے کسی شہری یا وفاقی حکومت یا کسی صوبائی حکومت کی درخواست پر اس سوال کا جائزہ لے سکے گی اور فیصلہ کر سکے گی کہ آیا کوئی قانون یا قانون کا کوئی حکم ان اسلامی احکام کے منافی ہے یا نہیں جس طرح کہ قرآن پاک اور رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی سنت میں تعین کیا گیا ہے اور جن کا حوالہ بعد ازیں اسلامی احکام کے طور پر دیا گیا ہے۔
    ...(آرٹیکل ۲۰۳د)

Religious Law

Saudi Arabia
  • English
    The State shall protect the Islamic Creed and shall cater to the application of Shari'ah.
    The State shall enjoin good and forbid evil, and shall undertake the duties of the call to Islam. (Basic Law, Art. 23)
  • Arabic
    ﺘﺤﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ.. ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻕ ﺸﺭﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﺄﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻬﻰ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻜـﺭ ﻭﺘﻘـﻭﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﷲ. (النظام الأساسي، المادة 23)

Religious Law

Thailand
  • English
    The State should support and protect Buddhism and other religions.
    In supporting and protecting Buddhism, which is the religion observed by the majority of Thai people for a long period of time, the State should promote and support education and dissemination of dharmic principles of Theravada Buddhism for the development of mind and wisdom development, and shall have measures and mechanisms to prevent Buddhism from being undermined in any form. The State should also encourage Buddhists to participate in implementing such measures or mechanisms. (Sec. 67)
  • Thai
    รัฐพึงอุปถัมภ์และคุ้มครองพระพุทธศาสนาและศาสนาอื่น
    ในการอุปถัมภ์และคุ้มครองพระพุทธศาสนาอันเป็นศาสนาที่ประชาชนชาวไทยส่วนใหญ่นับถือมาช้านาน รัฐพึงส่งเสริมและสนับสนุนการศึกษาและการเผยแผ่หลักธรรมของพระพุทธศาสนาเถรวาทเพื่อให้เกิดการพัฒนาจิตใจและปัญญา และต้องมีมาตรการและกลไกในการป้องกันมิให้มีการบ่อนทําลายพระพุทธศาสนาไม่ว่าในรูปแบบใด และพึงส่งเสริมให้พุทธศาสนิกชนมีส่วนร่วมในการดําเนินมาตรการหรือกลไกดังกล่าวด้วย (มาตรา ๖๗)

Religious Law

Afghanistan
  • English
    ...
    We the people of Afghanistan:
    Believing firmly in Almighty God, relying on His divine will and adhering to the Holy religion of Islam;
    …
    Appreciating the sacrifices, historical struggles, jihad and just resistance of all the peoples of Afghanistan, admiring the supreme position of the martyr’s of the country’s freedom;
    … (Preamble)
  • Dari
    ...
    ما مردم افغانستان:
    با ایمان راسخ به ذات پاك خداوند (ج) و توكل به مشیت حق تعالی و اعتقاد به دین مقدس اسلام؛
    ...
    با تقدیر از فداكاری ها، مبارزات تاریخی، جهاد و مقاومت بر حق تمام مردم افغانستان و ارج گذاری به مقام والای شهدای راه آزادی كشور؛
    ... (مقدمه)
  • Pashto
    ...
    موږ د افغانستان خلكو:
    د لوی خدای (ج) پر سپيڅلي ذات په ټينګ ايمان، د حق تعالي په مشيت پر توكل او د اسلام په سپيڅلي دين پر اعتقاد؛
    ...
    د افغانستان د ټولو خلكو د سر ښندنو، تاريخي مبارزو، جهاد او بر حق مقاومت د ستايلو او د وطن د آزادۍ د لارې د شهيدانو لوړ مقام ته په ارزښت وركولو؛
    ... (سریزه)