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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe law shall regulate the Syrian Arab citizenship. (Art. 48)
- Arabicينظم القانون الجنسية العربية السورية. (المادّة 48)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishEveryone bound to the Turkish State through the bond of citizenship is a Turk.
The child of a Turkish father or a Turkish mother is a Turk.
Citizenship can be acquired under the conditions stipulated by law, and shall be forfeited only in cases determined by law.
No Turk shall be deprived of citizenship, unless he/she commits an act incompatible with loyalty to the motherland.
Recourse to the courts in appeal against the decisions and proceedings related to the deprivation of citizenship shall not be denied. (Art. 66) - TurkishTürk Devletine vatandaşlık bağı ile bağlı olan herkes Türktür.
Türk babanın veya Türk ananın çocuğu Türktür.
Vatandaşlık, kanunun gösterdiği şartlarla kazanılır ve ancak kanunda belirtilen hallerde kaybedilir.
Hiçbir Türk, vatana bağlılıkla bağdaşmayan bir eylemde bulunmadıkça vatandaşlıktan çıkarılamaz.
Vatandaşlıktan çıkarma ile ilgili karar ve işlemlere karşı yargı yolu kapatılamaz. (Madde 66)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) Subject to clauses (2) and (3), a person born outside Singapore after 16th September 1963 shall be a citizen of Singapore by descent if, at the time of his birth —
(a) where the person is born before the date of commencement of section 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2004, his father is a citizen of Singapore, by birth or registration; and(b) where the person is born on or after the date of commencement of section 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2004, either his father or mother is a citizen of Singapore, by birth, registration or descent.
(2) A person born outside Singapore shall not be a citizen of Singapore by descent by virtue of clause (1) unless —
(a) his birth is registered in the prescribed manner at the Registry of Citizens or at a diplomatic or consular mission of Singapore within one year, or such longer period as the Government permits, after its occurrence; and
(b) he would not acquire the citizenship of the country in which he was born by reason of his birth in that country where —
(i) in the case of a person born before the date of commencement of section 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2004, his father is a citizen of Singapore by registration at the time of his birth; or
(ii) In the case of a person born on or after the date of commencement of section 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2004, either his father or mother is a citizen of Singapore by registration at the time of his birth.
(3) Without prejudice to clause (2), a person born outside Singapore of a father or mother who is a citizen by descent at the time of his birth shall not be a citizen of Singapore by descent by virtue of clause (1) unless the parent who is the citizen by descent has lawfully resided in Singapore —
(a) for a period of, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to, not less than 5 years before that person’s birth; or
(b) for a period of, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to, not less than 2 years during the period of 5 years immediately preceding that person’s birth.
… (Art. 122)
Education
- EnglishThe State shall provide education to all pupils and students free of charge and grant allowances to students at universities and colleges. (Art. 47)
- Korean국가는 모든 학생들을 무료로 공부시키며 대학생들에게는 장학금을 준다. (제47조)
Education
- English
…
8. Basic and secondary education
... (Schedule 8, List of Local Level Powers) - Nepali
…
(८) आधारभूत र माध्यमिक शिक्षा
... (अनुसूची–८, स्थानीय तहको अधिकारको सूची)
Education
- English1. The State shall recognise and guarantee that every citizen has the right to education and culture, and it is incumbent upon it to promote the establishment of a public system of universal and compulsory basic education that is free of charge in accordance with its ability and in conformity with the law.
2. Everyone has the right to equal opportunities for education and vocational training.
3. The State shall recognise and supervise private and co-operative education.
4. The State should ensure the access of every citizen, in accordance to their abilities, to the highest levels of education, scientific research and artistic creativity.
… (Sec. 59) - Tetum1. Estadu rekoñese no garante sidadaun hotu nia direitu ba edukasaun no kultura, nune’e mós harii sistema ensinu báziku universál, obrigatóriu no wainhira bele, saugati, tuir lei haruka.
2. Ema hotu iha direitu hanesan, ba oportunidade atu eskola no ba formasaun serbisu/profisaun nian.
3. Estadu rekoñese no fiskaliza eskola partikulár no kooperativu sira.
4. Estadu tenki garante ba sidadaun hotu-hotu, tuir sira-nia kapasidade, atu bele hetan eskola boot kona-ba investigasaun sientífika no hamoris/haburas arte.
… (Art. 59) - Portuguese1. O Estado reconhece e garante ao cidadão o direito à educação e à cultura, competindo-lhe criar um sistema público de ensino básico universal, obrigatório e, na medida das suas possibilidades, gratuito, nos termos da lei.
2. Todos têm direito a igualdade de oportunidades de ensino e formação profissional.
3. O Estado reconhece e fiscaliza o ensino privado e cooperativo.
4. O Estado deve garantir a todos os cidadãos, segundo as suas capacidades, o acesso aos graus mais elevados do ensino, da investigação científica e da criação artística.
... (Art. 59)
Education
- English
...
– Education is a right for every citizen. Its objective is to build the Omani character, preserve the national identity, inculcate the scientific method in thinking, develop talents, encourage innovation, consolidate civilised and spiritual values, and anchor the notions of citizenship, tolerance, and harmony.
– Education is compulsory throughout the primary education level. The state shall encourage the establishment of private schools and institutes under the supervision of the state in accordance with the provisions of the law.
– The state shall endeavour to combat illiteracy.
– The state shall ... facilitate admission to higher education equally for all on the basis of competency and merit, encourage the establishment of private and community universities, and guarantee that the quality of education in those universities is in line with international quality standards.
... (Art. 16) - Arabic
...
– التعليم حق لكل مواطن، هدفه بناء الشخصية العمانية، والحفاظ على الهوية الوطنية، وتأصيل المنهج العلمي في التفكير، وتنمية المواهب، وتشجيع الابتكار، وترسيخ القيم الحضارية والروحية، وإرساء مفاهيم المواطنة والتسامح والتآلف.
– التعليم إلزامي حتى نهاية مرحلة التعليم الأساسي، وتشجع الدولة إنشاء المدارس والمعاهد الخاصة بإشراف من الدولة، وفقا لأحكام القانون.
– وتعمل الدولة على مكافحة الأمية.
...
– الدولة ... وتيسير القبول للتعليم العالي أمام الجميع على قدم المساواة على أساس الكفاءة والجدارة، والعمل على تشجيع إنشاء الجامعات الخاصة، والأهلية، وتضمن الدولة جودة التعليم في تلك الجامعات بما يتفق ومعايير الجودة العالمية.
… (المادّة ١٦)
Education
- English1. Everyone has the right to receive education and the right to choose the form of education they receive.
2. Pre-school education shall be guaranteed in accordance with the procedures established by law. Elementary and basic education shall be compulsory. General education shall be fully funded by the State, in accordance with the procedures established by law. Citizens shall have the right to state-funded vocational and higher education, in accordance with the procedures established by law.
… (Art. 27) - Georgian1. ყველას აქვს განათლების მიღებისა და მისი ფორმის არჩევის უფლება.
2. სკოლამდელი აღზრდა და განათლება უზრუნველყოფილია კანონით დადგენილი წესით. დაწყებითი და საბაზო განათლება სავალდებულოა. ზოგად განათლებას კანონით დადგენილი წესით სრულად აფინანსებს სახელმწიფო. მოქალაქეებს უფლება აქვთ კანონით დადგენილი წესით სახელმწიფოს დაფინანსებით მიიღონ პროფესიული და უმაღლესი განათლება.
… (მუხლი 27)
Education
- English…
(2) No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State funds on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them. (Art. 29) - Hindi…
(2) राज्य द्वारा पोषित या राज्य-निधि से सहायता पाने वाली किसी शिक्षा संस्था में प्रवेश से किसी भी नागरिक को केवल धर्म, मूलवंश, जाति, भाषा या इनमें से किसी के आधार पर वंचित नहीं किया जाएगा। (अनुच्छेद 29)
Education
- EnglishMother and father shall have the obligation to take care of their children, to bring them up and to educate them in order to become good citizens.
… (Art. 47) - Khmerមាតាបិតាមានកាតព្វកិច្ចចិញ្ចឹមថែរក្សា និង អប់រំកូនឱ្យទៅជាពលរដ្ឋល្អ។
… (មាត្រា ៤៧)