SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 2965 RESULTS
Religious Law
Pakistan
- EnglishIslam shall be the State religion of Pakistan. (Art. 2)
- Urduاسلام پاکستان کا مملکتی مذہب ہوگا۔ (آرٹیکل ۲)
Religious Law
Myanmar
- EnglishThe Union recognizes special position of Buddhism as the faith professed by the great majority of the citizens of the Union. (Sec. 361)
- Burmeseနိုင်ငံတော်သည် ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာသာသနာတော်ကို နိုင်ငံတော်၏ နိုင်ငံသားအများဆုံးကိုးကွယ်ရာ ဖြစ်သော ဂုဏ်ထူးဝိသေသနှင့်ပြည့်စုံသည့် ဘာသာသာသနာဖြစ်သည်ဟု နိုင်ငံတော်က အသိအမှတ်ပြုသည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၆၁)
Religious Law
Kuwait
- EnglishThe religion of the State is Islam and Islamic Law shall be a main source of legislation. (Art. 2)
- Arabicدين الدولة الإسلام ، والشريعة الإسلامية مصدر رئيسي للتشريع. (المادّة 2)
Religious Law
Iran, Islamic Republic of
- EnglishThe Islamic Consultative Assembly cannot enact laws contrary to the official religion of the country or to the Constitution. It is the duty of the Guardian Council to determine whether a violation has occurred, in accordance with Article 96. (Art. 72)
- Persianمجلس شورای اسلامی نمیتواند قوانینی وضع کند که با اصول و احکام مذهب رسمی کشور یا قانون اساسی مغایرت داشته باشد. تشخیص این امر به ترتیبی که در اصل نود و ششم آمده برعهده شورای نگهبان است. (اصل 72)
Religious Law
Maldives
- EnglishThe Judges are independent, and subject only to the Constitution and the law. When deciding matters on which the Constitution or the law is silent, Judges must consider Islamic Shari’ah. In the performance of their judicial functions, Judges must apply the Constitution and the law impartially and without fear, favour or prejudice. (Art. 142)
- Dhivehiފަޑިޔާރުންނަކީ މުސްތަޤިއްލު ބަޔެކެވެ. ފަނޑިޔާރުން އަމަލުކުރާނީ ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީ އާއި ޤާނޫނަށެވެ. ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީ އާއި ޤާނޫނުގައި ވަކިގޮތަކަށް ކަނޑައެޅިފައިނުވާ ކަންކަން ނިންމުމުގައި އިސްލާމީ ޝަރީއަތުގައި އެކަމެއް ކަނޑައެޅިފައިވާ ގޮތައް ފަނޑިޔާރުން ރިޢާޔަތް ކުރަންވާނެއެވެ. ފަނޑިޔާރުންގެ މަސައްކަތުގައި ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީ އާއި ޤާނޫނާ އެއްގޮތަށް ކަންތައްތައް ނިންމާންވާނީ ވަކިފަރާތަކަށް ބުރަނުވެ، ވަކިފަރާތަކުން ދައްކައިފައިވާނެ ބިރަކަށް ޖެހިލުންނުވެ، ތަޢައްޞުބުން އެއްކިބާވެ ތިބެއެވެ. (ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 142 ވަނަ މާއްދާ)
Religious Law
Nepal
- English(1) Nepal is an independent, indivisible, sovereign, secular, inclusive, democratic, socialism-oriented, federal democratic republican state.
Explanation: For the purposes of this Article, "secular" means religious, cultural freedoms, including protection of religion, culture handed down from the time immemorial.
… (Art. 4) - Nepali(१) नेपाल स्वतन्त्र, अविभाज्य, सार्वभौमसत्ता सम्पन्न, धर्मनिरपेक्ष, समावेशी, लोकतन्त्रात्मक, समाजवाद उन्मुख, संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रात्मक राज्य हो ।
स्पष्टीकरण: यस धाराको प्रयोजनकोलागि “धर्मनिरपेक्ष” भन्नाले सनातनदेखि चलिआएको धर्म संस्कृतिको संरक्षण लगायत धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक स्वतन्त्रता सम्झनु पर्छ ।
... (धारा ४)
Customary Law
Malaysia
- English...
13. Native law and custom, including the personal law relating to marriage, divorce, guardianship, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy, family law, gifts or succession, testate or intestate; registration of adoptions under native law or custom; the determination of matters of native law or custom; the constitution, organization, and procedure of native courts (including the right of audience in such courts), and the jurisdiction and powers of such courts, which shall extend only to the matters included in this paragraph and shall not include jurisdiction in respect of offences except in so far as conferred by federal law.
… (Ninth Schedule, List IIA—Supplement to State List for States of Sabah and Sarawak, [Article 95B(1)(a)]) - Malay...
13. Undang-undang dan adat anak negeri, termasuk undang-undang diri yang berhubungan dengan perkahwinan, perceraian, penjagaan, nafkah, pengangkatan, kesahtarafan, undang-undang keluarga, alang atau pewarisan, berwasiat atau tidak berwasiat; pendaftaran pengangkatan di bawah undang-undang atau adat anak negeri; penentuan perkara perkara mengenai undang-undang atau adat anak negeri; keanggotaan, susunan, dan tatacara mahkamah anak negeri (termasuk hak untuk didengar di dalam mahkamah itu), dan bidang kuasa dan kuasa mahkamah itu, yang hendaklah meliputi hanya perkara yang termasuk dalam perenggan ini sahaja dan tidaklah termasuk bidang kuasa berkenaan dengan kesalahan kecuali setakat yang diberikan oleh undang-undang persekutuan.
… (Jadual Kesembilan, Senarai IIA—Tambahan kepada Senarai Negeri bagi Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak, [Perkara 95B(1)(a)])
Customary Law
Indonesia
- English...
(2) The State recognises and respects traditional communities along with their traditional customary rights as long as these remain in existence and are in accordance with the societal development and the principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, and shall be regulated by law. (Art. 18B) - Indonesian...
(2) Negara mengakui dan menghormati kesatuan-kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat beserta hakhak tradisionalnya sepanjang masih hidup dan sesuai dengan perkembangan masyarakat dan prinsip Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, yang diatur dalam undang-undang. (Pasal 18B)
Customary Law
Iraq
- English...
Second: The State shall seek the advancement of the Iraqi clans and tribes, shall attend to their affairs in a manner that is consistent with religion and the law, and shall uphold their noble human values in a way that contributes to the development of society. The State shall prohibit the tribal traditions that are in contradiction with human rights. (Art. 45) - Arabic…
ثانياً :ـ تحرص الدولة على النهوض بالقبائل والعشائر العراقية، وتهتم بشؤونها بما ينسجم مع الدين والقانون، وتعزز قيمها الإنسانية النبيلة، بما يساهم في تطوير المجتمع، وتمنع الاعراف العشائرية التي تتنافى مع حقوق الانسان. (المادة 45)
Customary Law
India
- EnglishMarriage and divorce; infants and minors; adoption; wills, intestacy and succession; joint family and partition; all matters in respect of which parties in judicial proceedings were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution subject to their personal law. (Seventh Schedule: List III – Concurrent List, Art. 5)
- Hindiविवाह और तलाक; शिशु और नाबालिग; गोद लेना; वसीयत, निर्वासीयतता और उत्तराधिकार; संयुक्त परिवार और विभाजन; सभी मामले जिनके संबंध में न्यायिक कार्यवाहियाँ इस संविधान के लागू होने से पहले उनके व्यक्तिगत कानून के अधीन थीं। (सातवीं अनुसूची: सूची III – समवर्ती सूची, अनुच्छेद 5)