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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Turkmenistan
- EnglishTurkmenistan has its own citizenship. The citizenship shall be acquired, retained and lost in accordance with law.
Citizenship of another state shall not be recognized for the citizens of Turkmenistan.
No one shall be deprived of citizenship or the right to change citizenship. … (Art. 10) - RussianТуркменистан имеет своё гражданство. Гражданство приобретается, сохраняется и прекращается в соответствии с законом.
За гражданином Туркменистана не признаётся гражданство другого государства.
Никто не может быть лишён гражданства или права изменить гражданство. … (Статья 10) - TurkmenTürkmenistanyň öz raýatlygy bar. Raýatlyk kanuna laýyklykda edinilýär, saklanylýar we bes edilýär.
Türkmenistanyň raýatyna başga döwletiň raýatlygy ykrar edilmeýär.
Hiç kim raýatlygyndan ýa-da raýatlygyny üýtgetmek hukugyndan mahrum edilip bilinmez. … (10-nji madda)
Citizenship and Nationality
Singapore
- English(1) Subject to clause (4), the Government may, upon application made by any person of or over the age of 21 years who is not a citizen of Singapore, grant a certificate of naturalisation to that person if the Government is satisfied —
(a) that he has resided in Singapore for the required periods and intends, if the certificate is granted, to do so permanently;
(b) that he is of good character; and
(c) that he has an adequate knowledge of the national language.
… (Art. 127)
Citizenship and Nationality
Timor-Leste
- English1. There shall be original citizenship and acquired citizenship in the Democratic Republic of East Timor.
2. The following citizens shall be considered original citizens of East Timor, as long as they are born in the national territory:
a) Children of father or mother born in East Timor;
b) Children of incognito parents, stateless parents or parents of unknown nationality;
c) Children of a foreign father or mother who, being over seventeen years old, declare their will to become East Timorese nationals.
3. Irrespective of being born in a foreign country, children of a Timorese father or mother shall be considered original citizens of East Timor.
a) Children of an East Timorese father or mother living overseas;
b) Children of an East Timorese father or mother serving the State outside the country;
4. Acquisition, loss and reacquisition of citizenship, as well as its registration and proof, shall be regulated by law. (Sec. 3) - Tetum1. Iha Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste nia laran iha sidadania nanis no sidadania husun.
2. Sidadaun nanis Timór-Leste nian maka ema ne’ebé moris nanis iha rai nasionál laran:
a) oan sira-ne’ebé aman ka inan moris iha Timór-Leste;
b) oan sira-ne’ebé inan-aman laiha, nasionalidade eh rai moris-fatin lahatene;
c) oan sira-ne’ebé aman ka inan ema raiseluk, ne’ebé idade liu ona tinan sanulu resin hitu, no sira rasik hili sai timoroan;
3. Sidadaun nanis Timór-Leste nian mós sira-ne’ebé, biar moris iha rai-liur, sira-nia aman ka inan, timoroan.
4. Lei-oan mak sei regula kona-ba akizisaun, lakon no hetan filafali sidadania, nune’e mós sidadaun sira-nia rejistu no prova. (Art. 3) - Portuguese1. Na República Democrática de Timor-Leste existe cidadania originária e cidadania adquirida.
2. São cidadãos originários de Timor-Leste, desde que tenham nascido em território nacional:
a) Os filhos de pai ou mãe nascidos em Timor-Leste;
b) Os filhos de pais incógnitos, apátridas ou de nacionalidade desconhecida;
c) Os filhos de pai ou mãe estrangeiros que, sendo maiores de dezassete anos, declarem, por si, querer ser timorenses.
3. São cidadãos originários de Timor-Leste, ainda que nascidos em território estrangeiro, os filhos de pai ou mãe timorenses.
4. A aquisição, perda e reaquisição de cidadania, bem como o seu registo e prova, são regulados por lei. (Art. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
Indonesia
- English…
(4) Every person shall have the right to citizenship status. (Art. 28D) - Indonesian…
(4) Setiap orang berhak atas status kewarganegaraan. (Pasal 28D)
Citizenship and Nationality
Nepal
- English
…
22. Citizenship, passport, visa, immigration
… (Schedule 5, List of Federal Powers/Jurisdiction) - Nepali
…
२२. नागरिकता, राहदानी, भिसा, अध्यागमन
… (अनुसूची–५ : संघको अधिकारको सूची)
Citizenship and Nationality
Iran, Islamic Republic of
- EnglishIranian citizenship is the indisputable right of every Iranian, and the government cannot withdraw citizenship from any Iranian unless he himself requests it or acquires the citizenship of another country. (Art. 41)
- Persianتابعیت کشور ایران حق مسلم هر فرد ایرانی است و دولت نمیتواند از هیچ ایرانی سلب تابعیت کند، مگر به درخواست خود او یا در صورتی که به تابعیت کشور دیگری درآید. (اصل 41)
Citizenship and Nationality
Iraq
- EnglishThe federal government shall have exclusive authorities in the following matters:
…
Fifth: Regulating issues of citizenship, naturalization, … (Art. 110) - Arabicتختص السلطات الاتحادية بالاختصاصات الحصرية الآتية:
…
خامساً :ـ تنظيم امور الجنسية والتجنس
… (المادة 110)
Citizenship and Nationality
Singapore
- English(1) Where a person has been deprived of his citizenship or his enrolment as a citizen has been cancelled under the provisions of this Part, the Government may, by order, deprive of his citizenship or, as the case may be, cancel the enrolment of any child of that person under the age of 21 years who has been registered or enrolled as a citizen under the provisions of this Constitution or the Singapore Citizenship Ordinance 1957 (Ord. 35 of 1957) and was so registered or enrolled as being the child of that person or of that person’s wife or husband.
(2) No person shall be deprived of his citizenship under clause (1) unless the Government is satisfied that it is not conducive to the public good that he should continue to be a citizen; and no person shall be deprived of his citizenship under clause (1) if the Government is satisfied that as a result of such deprivation he would not be a citizen of any country. (Art. 137)
Citizenship and Nationality
Kuwait
- EnglishKuwaiti nationality shall be determined by Law.
No relinquishment or withdrawal of nationality shall be permissible save within the limits of the Law.
(Art. 27) - Arabicالجنسية الكويتية يحددها القانون.
ولا يجوز إسقاط الجنسية أو سحبها إلا في حدود القانون.
(المادّة 27)
Citizenship and Nationality
Armenia
- English1. A child born to citizens of the Republic of Armenia shall be a citizen of the Republic of Armenia.
2. Every child whose one parent is a citizen of the Republic of Armenia shall have the right to acquire citizenship of the Republic of Armenia.
3. Armenians by ethnicity shall have the right to acquire citizenship of the Republic of Armenia from the moment of establishing residence in the Republic Armenia.
4. Armenians by ethnicity shall acquire citizenship of the Republic of Armenia through a simplified procedure stipulated by law.
5. A citizen of the Republic of Armenia may not be deprived of citizenship. A citizen of the Republic of Armenia may not be deprived of the right to change citizenship.
6. The procedure of exercising the rights stipulated by this Article, the other grounds of acquiring citizenship of the Republic of Armenia, and the grounds of termination shall be stipulated by law.
7. The rights stipulated by Part 2-4 and by the second sentence of Part 5 of this Article may be restricted only by law with the aim of protecting state security, preventing or solving crimes, as well as protecting other public interests.
8. Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, while outside of the borders of the Republic of Armenia, shall be under the protection of the Republic of Armenia on the basis of international law. (Art. 47) - Armenian1. Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիներից ծնված երեխան Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացի է:
2. Յուրաքանչյուր երեխա, որի ծնողներից մեկը Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացի է, ունի Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիություն ձեռք բերելու իրավունք:
3. Ազգությամբ հայերը Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում բնակություն հաստատելու պահից ունեն Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիություն ձեռք բերելու իրավունք:
4. Ազգությամբ հայերը Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիությունը ձեռք են բերում օրենքով սահմանված պարզեցված կարգով:
5. Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացին չի կարող զրկվել քաղաքացիությունից: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացին չի կարող զրկվել քաղաքացիությունը փոխելու իրավունքից:
6. Սույն հոդվածով սահմանված իրավունքների իրականացման կարգը, Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիության ձեռքբերման այլ հիմքերը, ինչպես նաև դադարեցման հիմքերը սահմանվում են օրենքով:
7. Սույն հոդվածի 2-4-րդ մասերով, ինչպես նաև 5-րդ մասի 2-րդ նախադասությամբ սահմանված իրավունքները կարող են սահմանափակվել միայն օրենքով` պետական անվտանգության, հանցագործությունների կանխման կամ բացահայտման, ինչպես նաև այլ հանրային շահերի պաշտպանության նպատակով:
8. Հայաստանի Հանրապետության քաղաքացիները Հայաստանի Հանրապետության սահմաններից դուրս, միջազգային իրավունքի հիման վրա, Հայաստանի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության ներքո են: (Հոդված 47)