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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 2959 RESULTS
Citizenship and Nationality
Malaysia
- English(1) Subject to Clause (9), the Federal Government may, upon application made by any person of or over the age of twenty-one years who is not a citizen, grant a certificate of naturalization to that person if satisfied—
(a) that—
(i) he has resided in the Federation for the required periods and intends, if the certificate is granted, to do so permanently;
(ii) (repealed);
(b) that he is of good character; and
(c) that he has an adequate knowledge of the Malay language.
… (Art. 19) - Malay(1) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (9), apabila permohonan dibuat oleh mana-mana orang yang berumur dua puluh satu tahun atau lebih yang bukan warganegara, maka Kerajaan Persekutuan boleh memberi orang itu suatu perakuan naturalisasi jika Kerajaan Persekutuan berpuas hati—
(a) bahawa—
(i) dia telah bermastautin di Persekutuan selama tempoh yang dikehendaki dan berniat hendak berbuat demikian secara tetap jika diberi perakuan itu;
(ii) (Dimansuhkan);
(b) bahawa dia berkelakuan baik; dan
(c) bahawa dia mempunyai pengetahuan yang memadai dalam bahasa Melayu.
… (Perkara 19)
Citizenship and Nationality
Philippines
- EnglishPhilippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law. (Art. IV, Sec. 3)
- FilipinoAng pagkamamamayang Pilipino ay maaaring mawala o muling matamo sa paraang itinatadhana ng batas. (Art. IV, Seksyon 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
Nepal
- EnglishOther matters relating to the acquisition, reacquisition and termination of citizenship shall be as provided for in the Federal law. (Art. 13)
- Nepaliनागरिकताको प्राप्ति, पुनःप्राप्ति र समाप्ति सम्बन्धी अन्य व्यवस्था संघीय कानून बमोजिम हुनेछ । (धारा १३)
Citizenship and Nationality
Indonesia
- English(1) Citizens shall consist of indigenous Indonesian peoples and persons of foreign origin who have been legalised as citizens in accordance with law.
(2) Residents shall consist of Indonesian citizens and foreign nationals living in Indonesia.
(3) Matters concerning citizens and residents shall be regulated by law. (Art. 26) - Indonesian(1) Yang menjadi warga negara ialah orang-orang bangsa Indonesia asli dan orang-orang bangsa lain yang disahkan dengan undang-undang sebagai warga negara.
(2) Penduduk ialah warga negara Indonesia dan orang asing yang bertempat tinggal di Indonesia.
(3) Hal-hal mengenai warga negara dan penduduk diatur dengan undang-undang. (Pasal 26)
Citizenship and Nationality
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
- English
The government has the following rights and duties:
…
10. To approve the granting or revoking nationality, discard nationality, or returning of a Lao nationality;
… (Art. 70) - Lao
ລັດຖະບານ ມີ ສິດ ແລະ ໜ້າທີ ດັ່ງນີ້:
…
10. ຕົກລົງ ໃຫ້ ສັນຊາດ, ຖອນສັນຊາດ, ປະສັນຊາດ, ໃຫ້ສັນຊາດລາວຄືນ;
… (ມາດຕາ. 70) (ປັບປຸງ)
Citizenship and Nationality
Myanmar
- EnglishAll persons who have either one of the following qualifications are citizens of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar:
(a) person born of parents both of whom are nationals of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar;
(b) person who is already a citizen according to law on the day this Constitution comes into operation. (Sec. 345) - Burmeseအောက်ဖော်ပြပါအရည်အချင်းတစ်ရပ်ရပ်နှင့် ပြည့်စုံသူများသည် ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်၏ နိုင်ငံသားများဖြစ်ကြသည် -
(က) ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်၏ တိုင်းရင်းသားမိဘနှစ်ပါးမှ မွေးဖွားသူ၊
(ခ) ဤဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ အတည်ပြုပြဌာန်းသည့်နေ့တွင် ဥပဒေအရ နိုင်ငံသားဖြစ်သားဖြစ်ပြီးသူ။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၄၅)
Citizenship and Nationality
Singapore
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, any person resident in Singapore of or over the age of 21 years may, on application being made therefor in the prescribed form, be registered as a citizen of Singapore if he satisfies the Government that he —
(a) is of good character;
(b) has resided in Singapore throughout the 12 months immediately preceding the date of his application;(c) has during the 12 years immediately preceding the date of his application resided in Singapore for periods amounting in the aggregate to not less than 10 years:
Provided that the Government may exempt any applicant from compliance with this paragraph —
(i) where such applicant has during the 6 years immediately preceding the date of his application resided in Singapore for periods amounting in the aggregate to not less than 5 years; or
(ii) where in any special case the Government considers fit to confer citizenship upon such applicant;
(d) intends to reside permanently in Singapore; and
(e) has an elementary knowledge of one of the following languages, namely, Malay, English, Mandarin and Tamil:
Provided that the Government may exempt an applicant who has attained the age of 45 years or who is deaf or dumb from compliance with this paragraph.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, any woman who is married to a citizen of Singapore may, on making application therefor in the prescribed manner, be registered as a citizen of Singapore if she satisfies the Government —
(a) that she has resided continuously in Singapore for a period of not less than 2 years immediately preceding the date of the application;
(b) that she intends to reside permanently in Singapore; and
(c) that she is of good character. (Art. 123)
Citizenship and Nationality
Malaysia
- English(1) For the purposes of the foregoing provisions of this Chapter—4
…
(b) a woman who before that day became a federal citizen or a citizen of the Federation by registration as a citizen, or in consequence of her registration as the subject of a Ruler, under any provision of the said Agreement or of any State law authorizing the registration of women married to citizens of the Federation or to subjects of the Ruler shall be treated as a citizen by registration under Clause (1) of Article 15;
… (Art. 28) - Malay(1) Bagi maksud peruntukan yang terdahulu dalam Bab ini—
…
(b) seseorang perempuan yang sebelum Hari Merdeka menjadi warganegara persekutuan atau warganegara bagi Persekutuan melalui pendaftaran sebagai warganegara, atau berikutan dengan pendaftarannya sebagai rakyat seseorang Raja, di bawah mana-mana peruntukan Perjanjian tersebut atau mana-mana peruntukan mana-mana undang-undang Negeri yang membenarkan pendaftaran perempuan yang berkahwin dengan warganegara bagi Persekutuan atau dengan rakyat Raja hendaklah dikira sebagai warganegara melalui pendaftaran di bawah Fasal (1) Perkara 15;
… (Perkara 28)
Citizenship and Nationality
India
- EnglishNotwithstanding anything in article 5, a person who has migrated to the territory of India from the territory now included in Pakistan shall be deemed to be a citizen of India at the commencement of this Constitution if—
(a) he or either of his parents or any of his grand-parents was born in India as defined in the Government of India Act, 1935 (as originally enacted);
… (Art. 6) - Hindiअनुच्छेद 5 में किसी बात के होते हुए भी, कोई व्यक्ति जिसने ऐसे राज्यक्षेत्र से जो इस समय पाकिस्तान के अंतर्गत है, भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र को प्रव्रजन किया है, इस संविधान के प्रारंभ पर भारत का नागरिक समझा जाएगा—
(क) यदि वह अथवा उसके माता या पिता में से कोई अथवा उसके पितामह या पितामही या मातामह या मातामही में से कोई (मूल रूप में यथा अधिनियमित) भारत शासन अधिनियम, 1935 में परिभाषित भारत में जन्मा था;
… (अनुच्छेद 6)
Citizenship and Nationality
Singapore
- English(1) The Government may, by order, deprive a citizen of Singapore of his citizenship if the Government is satisfied that —
(a) he has, while of or over the age of 18 years, at any time after 6th April 1960 acquired by registration, naturalisation or other voluntary and formal act (other than marriage) the citizenship of any country outside Singapore or having so acquired such citizenship before the age of 18 years continues to retain it after that age; or
(b) the citizen, being a woman who is a citizen of Singapore by registration under Article 123(2), has acquired the citizenship of any country outside Singapore by virtue of her marriage to a person who is not a citizen of Singapore.
… (Art. 134)