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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (4), (5) and (7), no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
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(3) In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by sex, race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision—
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(d) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage that, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.
… (Sec. 13)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishFor multi-person elections, the law shall establish an electoral system in line with the principles of proportionality, equality of vote, equity, parity and rotation of power between women and men and shall determine the voting precincts inside and outside the country. (Art. 116)
- SpanishPara las elecciones pluripersonales, la ley establecerá un sistema electoral conforme a los principios de proporcionalidad, igualdad del voto, equidad, paridad y alternabilidad entre mujeres y hombres; y determinará las circunscripciones electorales dentro y fuera del país. (Art. 116)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
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For the election of the 200 deputies [masculine] and deputies [feminine], according to the principle of proportional representation and the System of Regional Lists, five plurinomial electoral circumscriptions will be constituted in the country conformed in accordance with the principle of parity, and headed alternately between women and men each elective period. The Law will determine the form of establishing the territorial demarcation of these circumscriptions. (Art. 53) - Spanish
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Para la elección de los 200 diputados y diputadas según el principio de representación proporcional y el Sistema de Listas Regionales, se constituirán cinco circunscripciones electorales plurinominales en el país conformadas de acuerdo con el principio de paridad, y encabezadas alternadamente entre mujeres y hombres cada periodo electivo. La Ley determinará la forma de establecer la demarcación territorial de estas circunscripciones. (Art. 53)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
The unconditional equality of all Nicaraguans in the enjoyment of political rights[,] is established; in the exercise of them and in the fulfillment of their duties and responsibilities, [there] exists absolute equality between the man and the woman.
It is the obligation of the State to eliminate the obstacles that impede the actuality [hecho] of equality among Nicaraguans and their effective participation in the political, economic and social life of the country. (Art. 48) - Spanish
Se establece la igualdad incondicional de todos los nicaragüenses en el goce de sus derechos políticos; en el ejercicio de los mismos y en el cumplimiento de sus deberes y responsabilidades, existe igualdad absoluta entre el hombre y la mujer.
Es obligación del Estado eliminar los obstáculos que impidan de hecho la igualdad entre los nicaragüenses y su participación efectiva en la vida política, económica y social del país. (Art. 48)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishAll persons are born free and equal before the law, shall receive equal protection and treatment from the authorities, and shall enjoy the same rights, freedoms, and opportunities without any discrimination on account of gender, race, national or family origin, language, religion, political opinion, or philosophy.
The State shall promote the conditions so that equality may be real and effective and shall adopt measures in favor of groups that are discriminated against or marginalized.
… (Art. 13) - SpanishTodas las personas nacen libres e iguales ante la ley, recibirán la misma protección y trato de las autoridades y gozarán de los mismos derechos, libertades y oportunidades sin ninguna discriminación por razones de sexo, raza, origen nacional o familiar, lengua, religión, opinión política o filosófica.
El Estado promoverá las condiciones para que la igualdad sea real y efectiva y adoptará medidas en favor de grupos discriminados o marginados.
… (Art. 13)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (4), (5) and (7) of this section, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
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(3) In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by sex, race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
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(d) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage that, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable.
… (Sec. 16)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishWomen and men have equal rights and responsibilities in the economic, political, cultural, occupational, social, and familial domains, as well as in any other domain. The State guarantees that both will be offered the same opportunities and possibilities.
The State encourages the holistic development of women and their full social participation. It ensures the exercise of their sexual and reproductive rights, protects them from gender-based violence in all of its forms and in all spaces, and creates the institutional and legal mechanisms to do so. (Art. 43) - SpanishLa mujer y el hombre tienen iguales derechos y responsabilidades en lo económico, político, cultural, laboral, social, familiar y en cualquier otro ámbito. El Estado garantiza que se ofrezcan a ambos las mismas oportunidades y posibilidades.
El Estado propicia el desarrollo integral de las mujeres y su plena participación social. Asegura el ejercicio de sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos, las protege de la violencia de género en cualquiera de sus manifestaciones y espacios, y crea los mecanismos institucionales y legales para ello. (Art. 43)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
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The law will establish the form and procedures through open contest for the composition of the jurisdictional organs, observing the principle of parity of gender.
... (Art. 94) - Spanish
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La ley establecerá la forma y procedimientos mediante concursos abiertos para la integración de los órganos jurisdiccionales, observando el principio de paridad de género.
… (Art. 94)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishThe State shall guarantee to women equal access to employment, vocational and professional training and advancement, equitable pay, and the option to self-employment. All necessary measures shall be taken to eliminate inequality.
Any form of discrimination, harassment or violent action, of any nature, whether direct or indirect, affecting women at work is forbidden. (Art. 331) - SpanishEl Estado garantizará a las mujeres igualdad en el acceso al empleo, a la formación y promoción laboral y profesional, a la remuneración equitativa, y a la iniciativa de trabajo autónomo. Se adoptarán todas las medidas necesarias para eliminar las desigualdades.
Se prohíbe toda forma de discriminación, acoso o acto de violencia de cualquier índole, sea directa o indirecta, que afecte a las mujeres en el trabajo. (Art. 331)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
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The State recognizes the economic, social, cultural, political, and environmental dimension of the peasantry, as well as any other dimensions that may be acknowledged. It will ensure the protection, respect, and guarantee of their individual and collective rights, with the aim of achieving material equality from a gender, age, and territorial perspective. ...
Peasants [campesinos], both men and women, are free and equal to all other populations,
… (Art. 64) - Spanish
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El Estado reconoce la dimensión económica, social, cultural, política y ambiental del campesinado, así como aquellas que le sean reconocidas y velará por la protección, respeto y garantía de sus derechos individuales y colectivos, con el objetivo de lograr la igualdad material desde un enfoque de género, etario y territorial, ...
Los campesinos y las campesinas son libres e iguales a todas las demás poblaciones
... (Art. 64)