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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
...
The thirty-two offices of senator [senadurias] remaining will be elected following the principle of proportional representation, through the system of lists voted in a sole national plurinomial circumscription conformed in accordance with the principle of parity, and headed alternately between women and men each elective period. The law will establish the regulations and formulas for these effects.
... (Art. 56) - Spanish
...
Las treinta y dos senadurías restantes serán elegidas según el principio de representación proporcional, mediante el sistema de listas votadas en una sola circunscripción plurinominal nacional, conformadas de acuerdo con el principio de paridad, y encabezadas alternadamente entre mujeres y hombres cada periodo electivo. La ley establecerá las reglas y fórmulas para estos efectos.
... (Art. 56)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishMen and women have equal civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights. The State will promote the conditions and will create the adequate mechanisms for, making equality real and effective, by leveling [allanando] the obstacles that prevent or hinder its exercise and facilitating the participation of women in all areas [ámbitos] of the national life. (Art. 48)
- SpanishEl hombre y la mujer tienen iguales derechos civiles, políticos, sociales, económicos y culturales. El Estado promoverá las condiciones y creará los mecanismos adecuados para que la igualdad sea real y efectiva, allanando los obstáculos que impidan o dificulten su ejercicio y facilitando la participación de la mujer en todos los ámbitos de la vida nacional. (Art. 48)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- EnglishThe State shall promote equality with respect to the representation of women and men in publicly appointed or elected office, in its executive and decision-making institutions, and political parties and movements. As for candidacies in multi-person elections, their participation shall be respected by rotation of power and sequencing.
The State shall adopt affirmative action measures to guarantee the participation of discriminated sectors. (Art. 65) - SpanishEl Estado promoverá la representación paritaria de mujeres y hombres en los cargos de nominación o designación de la función pública, en sus instancias de dirección y decisión, y en los partidos y movimientos políticos. En las candidaturas a las elecciones pluripersonales se respetará su participación alternada y secuencial.
El Estado adoptará medidas de acción afirmativa para garantizar la participación de los sectores discriminados. (Art. 65)
Affirmative Action (Broadly)
- English
The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate shall convene, respectively, a special session for the purpose of electing the members of the Expert Commission. This Commission shall be composed of 24 individuals. The Commission shall propose to the Constitutional Council a draft proposal for a new Constitution, and perform other functions established by this Constitution. Its composition shall be gender-balanced.
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The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies shall elect an equal number of men and women, respectively.
... (Art. 145) - Spanish
La Cámara de Diputados y el Senado convocarán, respectivamente, a sesión especial con el objeto de elegir a los miembros de la Comisión Experta. Dicha Comisión estará compuesta por 24 personas. Esta Comisión deberá proponer al Consejo Constitucional un anteproyecto de propuesta de nueva Constitución, y realizar las demás funciones que esta Constitución le fije. Su integración será paritaria.
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El Senado y la Cámara de Diputados deberán elegir el mismo número de hombres y mujeres, respectivamente.
... (Art. 145)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
The following are Brazilians:
I – by birth:
a) those born in the Federative Republic of Brazil, even if of foreign parents, provided that they are not at the service of their country;
b) those born abroad, of a Brazilian father or a Brazilian mother, provided that either of them is at the service of the Federative Republic of Brazil;
c) those born abroad, to a Brazilian father or a Brazilian mother, provided that they are registered with a competent Brazilian authority, or come to reside in the Federative Republic of Brazil, and opt for the Brazilian nationality at any time after reaching majority;
II – naturalized:
a) those who, as set forth by law, acquire Brazilian nationality, it being the only requirement for persons originating from Portuguese-speaking countries the residence for one uninterrupted year and good moral repute;
b) foreigners of any nationality, resident in the Federative Republic of Brazil for over fifteen uninterrupted years and without criminal conviction, provided that they apply for the Brazilian nationality.
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Paragraph 4. Loss of nationality shall be declared for a Brazilian who:
I – have their naturalization revoked by court ruling, in cases of fraud related to the naturalization process or of attack against the constitutional order and the democratic state;
II – formally request the renunciation of their Brazilian nationality before the competent Brazilian authority, except in situations that would result in statelessness.
... (Art. 12) - Portuguese
São brasileiros:
I - natos:
a) os nascidos na República Federativa do Brasil, ainda que de pais estrangeiros, desde que estes não estejam a serviço de seu país;
b) os nascidos no estrangeiro, de pai brasileiro ou de mãe brasileira, desde que qualquer deles esteja a serviço da República Federativa do Brasil;
c) os nascidos no estrangeiro de pai brasileiro ou de mãe brasileira, desde que sejam registrados em repartição brasileira competente ou venham a residir na República Federativa do Brasil e optem, em qualquer tempo, depois de atingida a maioridade, pela nacionalidade brasileira;
II - naturalizados:
a) os que, na forma da lei, adquiram a nacionalidade brasileira, exigidas aos originários de países de língua portuguesa apenas residência por um ano ininterrupto e idoneidade moral;
b) os estrangeiros de qualquer nacionalidade, residentes na República Federativa do Brasil há mais de quinze anos ininterruptos e sem condenação penal, desde que requeiram a nacionalidade brasileira.
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§ 4º - Será declarada a perda da nacionalidade do brasileiro que:
I - tiver cancelada sua naturalização, por sentença judicial, em virtude de fraude relacionada ao processo de naturalização ou de atentado contra a ordem constitucional e o Estado Democrático;
II - fizer pedido expresso de perda da nacionalidade brasileira perante autoridade brasileira competente, ressalvadas situações que acarretem apatridia.
... (Art. 12)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishEvery person born outside Jamaica shall become a citizen of Jamaica-
a. on the sixth day of August, 1962, in the case of a person born before that date; or
b. on the date of his birth, in the case of a person born on or after the sixth day of August, 1962,
if, at that date, his father or mother is a citizen of Jamaica by birth, descent or registration by virtue of marriage to a citizen of Jamaica. (Sec. 3C)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishAnyone who loses or renounces to nationality loses citizenship. The exercise of citizenship or any political rights can be suspended only by final judicial decision in the cases provided by law. (Art. 42)
- SpanishQuien pierda o renuncie a la nacionalidad pierde la ciudadanía. El ejercicio de la ciudadanía o de alguno de los derechos políticos sólo puede ser suspendido por sentencia judicial firme en los casos que determine la ley. (Art. 42)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishCongress is empowered:
…
12.- … to enact general laws of naturalization and nationality for the whole nation, based on the principle of nationality by birth or by option for the benefit of Argentina;
… (Sec. 75) - SpanishCorresponde al Congreso:
…
12. Dictar … leyes generales para toda la Nación sobre naturalización y nacionalidad, con sujeción al principio de nacionalidad natural y por opción en beneficio de la Argentina;
… (Art. 75)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe Congress shall have Power …
To establish uniform Rule of Naturalization, … (Art. I, Sec. 8)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishHonduran nationality by naturalization is lost:
1) By naturalization in [a] foreign country; and,
2) By the cancellation of the naturalization papers [carta] in accordance with the law. (Art. 29) - SpanishLa nacionalidad hondureña por naturalización se pierde:
1) Por naturalización en país extranjero; y,
2) Por cancelación de la carta de naturalización de conformidad con la Ley. (Art. 29)