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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Cuba
- EnglishNeither marriage, civil union, nor legal separation will affect the citizenship of spouses, partners, or children. (Art. 37)
- SpanishEl matrimonio, la unión de hecho o su disolución no afectan la ciudadanía de los cónyuges, de los unidos o de sus hijos. (Art. 37)
Citizenship and Nationality
Dominican Republic
- EnglishThe ability of Dominicans to acquire a foreign nationality is recognized. The acquisition of another nationality does not imply the loss of Dominican nationality.
… (Art. 20) - SpanishSe reconoce a dominicanas y dominicanos la facultad de adquirir una nacionalidad extranjera. La adquisición de otra nacionalidad no implica la pérdida de la dominicana.
… (Art. 20)
Citizenship and Nationality
Saint Lucia
- English(1) Every person who, having been born in Saint Lucia, is immediately before the commencement of this Constitution a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies shall become a citizen at such commencement.
(2) Every person who, immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, is a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies—
(a) having become such a citizen under the British Nationality Act 1948 of the United Kingdom by virtue of his or her having been naturalised in Saint Lucia as a British subject before that Act came into force; or
(b) having while resident in Saint Lucia become such a citizen by virtue of his or her having been naturalised or registered under the British Nationality Act 1948 of the United Kingdom,
shall become a citizen at such commencement.
(3) Every person who, having been born outside Saint Lucia, is immediately before the commencement of this Constitution a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies shall, if his or her father or mother becomes, or would but for his or her death or the renunciation of his or her citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies have become, a citizen by virtue of subsection (1) or (2), become a citizen at such commencement.
(4) Every woman who, having been married to a person who becomes, or but for his death or the renunciation of his citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies would have become, a citizen by virtue of subsection (1), (2) or (3), is a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen at such commencement. (Sec. 99)
Citizenship and Nationality
Belize
- EnglishEvery person born in Belize on or after Independence Day shall become a citizen of Belize at the date of his birth:
Provided that a person shall not become a citizen of Belize by virtue of this section if at the time of his birth-
(a) neither of his parents is a citizen of Belize and his father or mother possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to the envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Belize; or
(b) his father or mother is a citizen of a country with which Belize is at war and the birth occurs in a place then under occupation by that country. (Sec. 24)
Citizenship and Nationality
Guyana
- English(1) If the President is satisfied that any citizen of Guyana has at any time after 25th May, 1966, acquired by registration, naturalisation or other voluntary and formal act (other than marriage) the citizenship of any country other than Guyana, the President may by order deprive that person of his or her citizenship.
(2) If the President is satisfied that any citizen of Guyana has at any time after 25 May, 1966, voluntarily claimed and exercised in a country other than Guyana any rights available to him under the law of that country, being rights accorded exclusively to its citizens, the President may by order deprive that person of his or her citizenship. (Art. 46)
Citizenship and Nationality
Colombia
- EnglishColombian nationals are:
1. By birth:
a. The natives [naturales] of Colombia, with one of two conditions: that the father or the mother have been natives or Colombian nationals or that, being children of aliens, any of their parents should have been domiciled in the Republic at the moment of birth.
b. The children of a Colombian father or mother who have born in a foreign land and later domiciled in Colombian territory or registered in a consular office of the Republic.
2. By adoption:
a. Aliens who apply for and obtain [a] card of naturalization, in accordance with the law, which will establish the cases in which Colombian nationality is lost through adoption.
b. Latin Americans and Caribbeans by birth domiciled in Colombia, who, with the authorization of the Government and in accordance with the law and the principle of reciprocity, request to be registered as Colombians before the municipality where they are established.
c. Members of the indigenous peoples who share frontier territories, with application of the principle of reciprocity according to public treaties.
No Colombian by birth may be deprived of their nationality.
The quality of Colombian nationality is not lost by the act of acquiring another nationality. Nationals by adoption will not be obligated to renounce their nationality of origin or adoption.
Those who have renounced their Colombian nationality may recover it in accordance with the law. (Art. 96) - SpanishSon nacionales colombianos:
Por nacimiento:
a) Los naturales de Colombia, que con una de dos condiciones: que el padre o la madre hayan sido naturales o nacionales colombianos o que, siendo hijos de extranjeros, alguno de sus padres estuviere domiciliado en la República en el momento del nacimiento y;
b) Los hijos de padre o madre colombianos que hubieren nacido en tierra extranjera y fuego se domiciliaren en territorio colombiano o registraren en una oficina consular de la República.
2. Por adopción:
a) Los extranjeros que soliciten y obtengan carta de naturalización, de acuerdo con la ley, la cual establecerá los casos en los cuales se pierde la nacionalidad colombiana por adopción;
b) Los Latinoamericanos y del Caribe por nacimiento domiciliados en Colombia, que con autorización del Gobierno y de acuerdo con la ley y el principio de reciprocidad, pidan ser inscritos como colombianos ante la municipalidad donde se establecieren, y;
c) Los miembros de los pueblos indígenas que comparten territorios fronterizos, con aplicación del principio de reciprocidad según tratados públicos.
Ningún colombiano por nacimiento podrá ser privado de su nacionalidad. La calidad de nacional colombiano no se pierde por el hecho de adquirir otra nacionalidad. Los nacionales por adopción no estarán obligados a renunciar a su nacionalidad de origen o adopción.
Quienes hayan renunciado a la nacionalidad colombiana podrán recobrarla con arreglo a la ley. (Art. 96)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. Bolivians who marry foreign citizens shall not lose their nationality of origin. Nor shall Bolivian nationality be lost by acquiring foreign citizenship.
II. Foreigners who acquire Bolivian nationality shall not be obligated to renounce their nationality of origin. (Art. 143) - SpanishI. Las bolivianas y los bolivianos que contraigan matrimonio con ciudadanas extranjeras o ciudadanos extranjeros no perderán su nacionalidad de origen. La nacionalidad boliviana tampoco se perderá por adquirir una ciudadanía extranjera.
II. Las extranjeras o los extranjeros que adquieran la nacionalidad boliviana no serán obligados a renunciar a su nacionalidad de origen. (Art. 143)
Citizenship and Nationality
Jamaica
- EnglishParliament may make provision-
…
b. prescribing the grounds on which and the procedure whereby a person may be deprived of his citizenship of Jamaica;
c. for the renunciation by any person of his citizenship of Jamaica. (Sec. 11)
Citizenship and Nationality
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
- EnglishAre considered Venezuelans by naturalization:
1. Foreign nationals who obtain a naturalization letter. In order to do so, they must have at least ten years of uninterrupted residence immediately preceding the application date.
The period of residence shall be reduced to five years in the case of foreign nationals whose original nationality is that of Spain, Portugal, Italy, or a Latin American or Caribbean country.
2. Foreign nationals who marry a Venezuelan, upon declaring their wish to adopt the Venezuelan nationality, which may be done at least five years after the date of marriage.
3. Minors of foreign nationality, on the date of the naturalization of one of his/her parent who exercises parental authority, provided that such minor declares his or her intention of adopting the Venezuelan nationality before reaching the age of 21, and has resided in Venezuela without interruption throughout the five-year period preceding such declaration. (Art. 33) - SpanishSon venezolanos y venezolanas por naturalización:
1. Los extranjeros o extranjeras que obtengan carta de naturaleza. A tal fin deberán tener domicilio en Venezuela con residencia ininterrumpida de, por lo menos, diez años, inmediatamente anteriores a la fecha de la respectiva solicitud.
El tiempo de residencia se reducirá a cinco años en el caso de aquellos y aquellas que tuvieren la nacionalidad originaria de España, Portugal, Italia, países latinoamericanos y del Caribe.
2. Los extranjeros o extranjeras que contraigan matrimonio con venezolano o venezolana desde que declaren su voluntad de serlo, transcurridos por lo menos cinco años a partir de la fecha del matrimonio.
3. Los extranjeros o extranjeras menores de edad para la fecha de la naturalización del padre o de la madre que ejerza sobre ellos la patria potestad, siempre que declaren su voluntad de ser venezolanos o venezolanas antes de cumplir los veintiún años de edad y hayan residido en Venezuela, ininterrumpidamente, durante los cinco años anteriores a dicha declaración. (Art. 33)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bahamas
- English1. Any woman who, on 9th July 1973, is or has been married to a person-
a. who becomes a citizen of The Bahamas by virtue of Article 3 of this Constitution; or
b. who, having died before 10th July 1973, would, but for his death, have become a citizen of The Bahamas by virtue of that Article, shall be entitled, upon making application and upon taking the oath of allegiance or such declaration in such manner as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas:
Provided that the right to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under this paragraph shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy.
2. Any person who, on 9th July 1973, possesses Bahamian Status under the provisions of the Immigration Act 19672 and is ordinarily resident in the Bahamas Islands, shall be entitled, upon making application before 19th July 1974, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas.
3. Notwithstanding anything contained in paragraph (2) of this Article, a person who has attained the age of eighteen years or who is a woman who is or has been married shall not, if he is a citizen of some country other than The Bahamas, be entitled to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under the provisions of that paragraph unless he renounces his citizenship of that other country, takes the oath of allegiance and makes and registers such declarations may be prescribed:
Provided that where a person cannot renounce his citizenship of the other country under the law of that country he may instead make such declaration concerning that citizenship as may be prescribed.
4. Any application for registration under paragraph (2) of this Article shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interest of national security or public policy.
5. Any woman who on 9th July 1973 is or has been married to a person who subsequently becomes a citizen of The Bahamas by registration under paragraph (2) of this Article shall be entitled, upon making application and upon taking the oath of allegiance or such declaration as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas:
Provided that the right to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under this paragraph shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy.
6. Any application for registration under this Article shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed as respects that application:
Provided that such an application may not be made by a person who has not attained the age of eighteen year and is not a woman who is or has been married, but shall be made on behalf of that person by a parent or guardian of that person. (Art. 5)