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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- English(1) In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires,
…
"parent", in relation to any other person, includes
(a) any person who has adopted him or her in a manner recognized by law; and
(b) in the case of a person born out of wedlock and not legitimated, his or her mother and the person (if any) who acknowledges and can show that he or she is his or her father or has been found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be his or her father;
But, in the case of a person who has been adopted, it does not include any person who has relinquished his or her parental rights over him or her as a consequence of the adoption;
…
(d) for depriving of his or her citizenship any person who has become a citizen by virtue of registration or naturalisation if his or her citizenship was obtained by false representation or fraud or wilful concealment of material facts or if he or she is convicted under any law of an act of treason or sedition:
Provided that any law enacted for the purposes of paragraph (d) shall include provisions under which the person concerned shall have a right of appeal to a court of law of competent jurisdiction or other independent authority and shall be permitted to appear before the court or authority in person or, at his or her own expense, to be represented by a legal practitioner of his or her own choice. (Sec. 119)
Citizenship and Nationality
Mexico
- EnglishThe law will regulate the exercise of the rights that the Mexican legislation grants to those Mexicans who possess other nationality and will establish norms to avoid conflicts from double nationality.
... (Art. 32) - SpanishLa Ley regulará el ejercicio de los derechos que la legislación mexicana otorga a los mexicanos que posean otra nacionalidad y establecerá normas para evitar conflictos por doble nacionalidad.
… (Art. 32)
Citizenship and Nationality
Suriname
- English1. Who is a Suriname national and who is a resident shall be decided by law.
2. Naturalization shall be regulated by law.
… (Art. 3) - Dutch1. Wie Surinamer en ingezetene is, wordt bij wet bepaald.
2. Naturalisatie wordt bij wet geregeld.
... (Art. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
Uruguay
- EnglishCitizens of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay are natural or legal. (Art. 73)
- SpanishLos ciudadanos de la República Oriental del Uruguay son naturales o legales. (Art. 73)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. Bolivians who marry foreign citizens shall not lose their nationality of origin. Nor shall Bolivian nationality be lost by acquiring foreign citizenship.
II. Foreigners who acquire Bolivian nationality shall not be obligated to renounce their nationality of origin. (Art. 143) - SpanishI. Las bolivianas y los bolivianos que contraigan matrimonio con ciudadanas extranjeras o ciudadanos extranjeros no perderán su nacionalidad de origen. La nacionalidad boliviana tampoco se perderá por adquirir una ciudadanía extranjera.
II. Las extranjeras o los extranjeros que adquieran la nacionalidad boliviana no serán obligados a renunciar a su nacionalidad de origen. (Art. 143)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bahamas
- English1. Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 8 of this Constitution, a person born legitimately outside The Bahamas after 9th July 1973 whose mother is a citizen of The Bahamas shall be entitled, upon making application on his attaining the age of eighteen years and before he attains the age of twenty-one years, in such manner as may be prescribed, to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas:
Provided that if he is a citizen of some country other than The Bahamas he shall not be entitled to be registered as a citizen of The Bahamas under this Article unless he renounces his citizenship of that other country, takes the oath of allegiance and makes and registers such declaration of his intentions concerning residence as may be prescribed.
2. Where a person cannot renounce his citizenship of some other country under the law of that country, he may instead make such declaration concerning that citizenship as may be prescribed.
3. Any application for registration under this Article shall be subject to such exceptions or qualifications as may be prescribed in the interests of national security or public policy. (Art. 9)
Citizenship and Nationality
Dominica
- English(1) The following persons shall be entitled, upon making application and, in the case of a British protected person or an alien who has attained the age of eighteen years, taking the oath of allegiance, to be registered as citizens of Dominica—
(a) any person who, being a Commonwealth citizen, is and for the previous seven years has been ordinarily resident in Dominica;
(b) any person who, having been a citizen of Dominica by virtue of the provisions of subsection (1) and (2) of section 97 or section 98 of the Constitution has renounced his citizenship in order to qualify for the acquisition or retention of the citizenship of another country;
(c) any person under the age of eighteen years who is the child, stepchild or child — adopted in a manner recognised by law of person who is or was before his death or would but for his death become a citizen of Dominica by virtue of the provisions of subsection (1) or (2) of section 97 or section 98 of this Constitution.
(2) An application under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed, as respects that application, by or under a law enacted by Parliament and in the case of a person to whom subsection (1)(c) of this section applies, it shall be made on his behalf by his parent or guardian before he attains the age of eighteen years or such later age as may be so prescribed. (Sec. 100)
Citizenship and Nationality
Ecuador
- EnglishAll female and male Ecuadorians are citizens and shall enjoy the rights set forth in the Constitution.
Ecuadorian nationality is a political and legal bond between individuals and the State, without detriment to their belonging to any of the other indigenous nations that coexist in plurinational Ecuador.
Ecuadorian nationality is obtained by birth or naturalization and shall not be forfeited because of marriage or its dissolution or by acquiring another nationality. (Art. 6) - SpanishTodas las ecuatorianas y los ecuatorianos son ciudadanos y gozarán de los derechos establecidos en la Constitución.
La nacionalidad ecuatoriana es el vínculo jurídico político de las personas con el Estado, sin perjuicio de su pertenencia a alguna de las nacionalidades indígenas que coexisten en el Ecuador plurinacional.
La nacionalidad ecuatoriana se obtendrá por nacimiento o por naturalización y no se perderá por el matrimonio o su disolución, ni por la adquisición de otra nacionalidad. (Art. 6)
Citizenship and Nationality
Brazil
- English
The Union has the exclusive power to legislate on:
…
XIII – nationality, citizenship and naturalization;
… (Art. 22) - Portuguese
Compete privativamente à União legislar sobre:
...
XIII - nacionalidade, cidadania e naturalização;
... (Art. 22)
Citizenship and Nationality
Trinidad and Tobago
- EnglishParliament may make provisions relating to citizenship including provision—
(a) for the acquisition of citizenship of Trinidad and Tobago by persons who are not or do not become citizens of Trinidad and Tobago by virtue of the provisions of this Chapter2;
(b) for depriving of his citizenship of Trinidad and Tobago any citizen of Trinidad and Tobago but only on the acquisition of citizenship of some other country in the case of a citizen by birth or descent; or
(c) for the renunciation by any person of his citizenship of Trinidad and Tobago. (Sec. 20)