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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Cuba
- EnglishA person is a Cuban citizen through birth if:
a. They are born within the national territory, with the exception of the children of foreigners that are in the service of their government or an international organization. The law establishes the requirements and the formalities for cases involving the children of foreigners who are not permanent residents within the country;
b. They are born abroad to a Cuban mother or father, who were completing an official mission, according to the requirements and formalities established by the law;
c. They are born abroad to a Cuban mother or father, having previously complied with the requirements and formalities indicated by the law, or
d. They are born outside the national territory to a mother or father native to the Republic of Cuba that has lost Cuban citizenship, as long as they reclaim it in the form indicated by the law. (Art. 34) - SpanishSon ciudadanos cubanos por nacimiento:
a) los nacidos en el territorio nacional, con excepción de los hijos de extranjeros que se encuentren al servicio de su gobierno o de organismos internacionales. La ley establece los requisitos y las formalidades para el caso de los hijos de los extranjeros no residentes permanentes en el país;
b) los nacidos en el extranjero de padre o madre cubanos que se hallen cumpliendo misión oficial, de acuerdo con los requisitos y las formalidades que establece la ley;
c) los nacidos en el extranjero de padre o madre cubanos, previo cumplimiento de los requisitos y las formalidades que la ley señala; y
d) los nacidos fuera del territorio nacional de padre o madre cubanos por nacimiento que hayan perdido la ciudadanía cubana, siempre que la reclamen en la forma que señala la ley. (Art. 34)
Citizenship and Nationality
Grenada
- English(1) Parliament may make provision for the acquisition of citizenship of Grenada by persons who are not eligible or who are no longer eligible to become citizens of Grenada under the provisions of this Chapter2.
(2) Parliament may make provision for depriving of his citizenship of Grenada any person who is a citizen of Grenada otherwise than by virtue of section 94, section 96 or section 97 of this Constitution.
(3) Parliament may make provision for the renunciation by any person of his citizenship of Grenada. (Sec. 99)
Citizenship and Nationality
El Salvador
- EnglishThe Salvadorans by birth have the right to enjoy the double or multiple nationality.
The quality of [being] Salvadoran by birth is only lost by an expressed renouncement before a competent authority and is recovered by petition before the same [authority]. (Art. 91) - SpanishLos salvadoreños por nacimiento tienen derecho a gozar de la doble o múltiple nacionalidad.
La calidad de salvadoreño por nacimiento sólo se pierde por renuncia expresa ante autoridad competente y se recupera por solicitud ante la misma. (Art. 91)
Citizenship and Nationality
Panama
- EnglishThe following may request Panamanian citizenship by naturalization:
1. Aliens with five years of continuous residence within the territory of the Republic, if, after having reached legal age, they declare their intention to become naturalized, expressly renounce their citizenship of origin or any other citizenship, and establish that they have a command of the Spanish language and an elementary knowledge of Panamanian geography, history and political organization;
2. Aliens with three years of continuous residence within the territory of the Republic, who have children born on the national territory of Panamanian father or mother, or who have a spouse of Panamanian citizenship, provided they make the statement and submit the evidence to which the preceding section refers;
3. Those nationals by birth, of Spain or any Latin American nation provided they fulfill the same requirements necessary in their country of origin for the naturalization of Panamanians. (Art. 10) - SpanishPueden solicitar la nacionalidad panameña por naturalización:
1. Los extranjeros con cinco años consecutivos de residencia en el territorio de la República si, después de haber alcanzado su mayoría de edad, declaran su voluntad de naturalizarse, renuncian expresamente a su nacionalidad de origen o a la que tengan y comprueban que poseen el idioma español y conocimientos básicos de geografía, historia y organización política panameñas.
2. Los extranjeros con tres años consecutivos de residencia en el territorio de la República que tengan hijos nacidos en ésta, de padre o madre panameños o cónyuge de nacionalidad panameña, si hacen la declaración y presentan la comprobación de que trata el aparte anterior.
3. Los nacionales por nacimiento, de España o de un Estado latinoamericano, si llenan los mismos requisitos que en su país de origen se exigen a los panameños para naturalizarse. (Art. 10)
Citizenship and Nationality
Argentina
- EnglishCongress is empowered:
…
12.- … to enact general laws of naturalization and nationality for the whole nation, based on the principle of nationality by birth or by option for the benefit of Argentina;
… (Sec. 75) - SpanishCorresponde al Congreso:
…
12. Dictar … leyes generales para toda la Nación sobre naturalización y nacionalidad, con sujeción al principio de nacionalidad natural y por opción en beneficio de la Argentina;
… (Art. 75)
Citizenship and Nationality
Dominica
- EnglishA person born outside Dominica after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen of Dominica at the date of his birth if, at that date, his father or mother is a citizen of Dominica by virtue of the provisions of subsection (1) or (2) of section 97 or section 98 of this Constitution. (Sec. 99)
Citizenship and Nationality
Mexico
- EnglishThe law will regulate the exercise of the rights that the Mexican legislation grants to those Mexicans who possess other nationality and will establish norms to avoid conflicts from double nationality.
... (Art. 32) - SpanishLa Ley regulará el ejercicio de los derechos que la legislación mexicana otorga a los mexicanos que posean otra nacionalidad y establecerá normas para evitar conflictos por doble nacionalidad.
… (Art. 32)
Citizenship and Nationality
Uruguay
- EnglishAll men and women born at any place within the territory of the Republic are natural citizens. Children of Uruguayan fathers or mothers are also natural citizens, wherever they may have been born, provided that they take up residence in the country and register themselves in the Civil Register. (Art. 74)
- SpanishCiudadanos naturales son todos los hombres y mujeres nacidos en cualquier punto del territorio de la República. Son también ciudadanos naturales los hijos de padre o madre orientales, cualquiera haya sido el lugar de su nacimiento, por el hecho de avecinarse en el país e inscribirse en el Registro Cívico. (Art. 74)
Citizenship and Nationality
Cuba
- EnglishCuban citizenship may be recovered in accordance with the requirements and formalities prescribed by the law. (Art. 39)
- SpanishLa ciudadanía cubana podrá recuperarse previo cumplimiento de los requisitos y formalidades que prescribe la ley. (Art. 39)
Citizenship and Nationality
Costa Rica
- English[The following] are Costa Ricans by naturalization:
1. The ones who have acquired this nationality by virtue of previous laws.
2. The nationals of other countries of Central American, the Spanish and the Spanish-Americans by birth, who have officially resided in the country for five years at a minimum and that fulfill the other requirements established by the law.
3. The Central Americans, the Spanish and the Spanish-Americans that are not so by birth, and the other foreigners who have officially resided in the country for seven years at a minimum and that fulfill the other requirements established by the law.
4. The foreign woman who by contracting marriage with a Costa Rican loses her nationality.
5. The foreign persons who by marring Costa Ricans lose their nationality or that after being married two years to Costa Ricans, and residing for that same time period in the country, manifest their desire to acquire the Costa Rican nationality.
6. Whoever holds honorary nationality granted by the Legislative Assembly. (Art. 14) - SpanishSon costarricenses por naturalización:
1) Los que hayan adquirido esta nacionalidad en virtud de leyes anteriores.
2) Los nacionales de otros países de Centroamérica, los españoles y los iberoamericanos por nacimiento que hayan residido oficialmente en el país durante cinco años y que cumplan con los demás requisitos que fije la ley.
3) Los centroamericanos, los españoles y los iberoamericanos que no lo sean por nacimiento y los demás extranjeros que hayan residido oficialmente en el país durante siete años como mínimo y que cumplan con los demás requisitos que fije la ley.
4) La mujer extranjera que al contraer matrimonio con costarricense pierde su nacionalidad.
5) Las personas extranjeras que al casarse con costarricenses pierdan su nacionalidad o que luego de haber estado casadas dos años con costarricenses, y de residir por ese mismo período en el país, manifiesten su deseo de adquirir la nacionalidad costarricense.
6) Quienes ostenten la nacionalidad honorífica otorgada por la Asamblea Legislativa. (Art. 14)