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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Trinidad and Tobago
- English(1) Subject to subsection (2), every person born in Trinidad and Tobago after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago at the date of his birth.
(2) A person shall not become a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago by virtue of subsection (1), if at the time of his birth—
(a) neither of his parents is a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago and either of them possesses such immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to an envoy of a foreign sovereign power accredited to Trinidad and Tobago; or
(b) either of his parents is an enemy alien and the birth occurred in a place then under occupation by the enemy.
(3) A person born outside Trinidad and Tobago after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago at the date of his birth if at that date either of his parents is, or was, but for his parent’s death, a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago otherwise than by descent, so however that, in the case of a person employed in service under the Government or under an authority of the Government that requires him to reside outside Trinidad and Tobago for the proper discharge of his functions, this subsection shall be read as if the words “otherwise than by descent” were deleted.
(4) Any person who became a citizen by birth under section 12(1) or a citizen by descent under section 12(2) of the former Constitution and who has not ceased to be a citizen under that Constitution, shall continue to be a citizen under this Constitution.
(5) A person born outside Trinidad and Tobago after the 30th August, 1962 whose mother was a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago otherwise than by descent at the date of his birth but who did not become a citizen at that date shall be deemed to have become a citizen at that date and shall continue to be a citizen of Trinidad and Tobago under this Constitution. (Sec. 17)
Citizenship and Nationality
Panama
- EnglishThe following may request Panamanian citizenship by naturalization:
1. Aliens with five years of continuous residence within the territory of the Republic, if, after having reached legal age, they declare their intention to become naturalized, expressly renounce their citizenship of origin or any other citizenship, and establish that they have a command of the Spanish language and an elementary knowledge of Panamanian geography, history and political organization;
2. Aliens with three years of continuous residence within the territory of the Republic, who have children born on the national territory of Panamanian father or mother, or who have a spouse of Panamanian citizenship, provided they make the statement and submit the evidence to which the preceding section refers;
3. Those nationals by birth, of Spain or any Latin American nation provided they fulfill the same requirements necessary in their country of origin for the naturalization of Panamanians. (Art. 10) - SpanishPueden solicitar la nacionalidad panameña por naturalización:
1. Los extranjeros con cinco años consecutivos de residencia en el territorio de la República si, después de haber alcanzado su mayoría de edad, declaran su voluntad de naturalizarse, renuncian expresamente a su nacionalidad de origen o a la que tengan y comprueban que poseen el idioma español y conocimientos básicos de geografía, historia y organización política panameñas.
2. Los extranjeros con tres años consecutivos de residencia en el territorio de la República que tengan hijos nacidos en ésta, de padre o madre panameños o cónyuge de nacionalidad panameña, si hacen la declaración y presentan la comprobación de que trata el aparte anterior.
3. Los nacionales por nacimiento, de España o de un Estado latinoamericano, si llenan los mismos requisitos que en su país de origen se exigen a los panameños para naturalizarse. (Art. 10)
Citizenship and Nationality
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
- EnglishAre considered Venezuelans by naturalization:
1. Foreign nationals who obtain a naturalization letter. In order to do so, they must have at least ten years of uninterrupted residence immediately preceding the application date.
The period of residence shall be reduced to five years in the case of foreign nationals whose original nationality is that of Spain, Portugal, Italy, or a Latin American or Caribbean country.
2. Foreign nationals who marry a Venezuelan, upon declaring their wish to adopt the Venezuelan nationality, which may be done at least five years after the date of marriage.
3. Minors of foreign nationality, on the date of the naturalization of one of his/her parent who exercises parental authority, provided that such minor declares his or her intention of adopting the Venezuelan nationality before reaching the age of 21, and has resided in Venezuela without interruption throughout the five-year period preceding such declaration. (Art. 33) - SpanishSon venezolanos y venezolanas por naturalización:
1. Los extranjeros o extranjeras que obtengan carta de naturaleza. A tal fin deberán tener domicilio en Venezuela con residencia ininterrumpida de, por lo menos, diez años, inmediatamente anteriores a la fecha de la respectiva solicitud.
El tiempo de residencia se reducirá a cinco años en el caso de aquellos y aquellas que tuvieren la nacionalidad originaria de España, Portugal, Italia, países latinoamericanos y del Caribe.
2. Los extranjeros o extranjeras que contraigan matrimonio con venezolano o venezolana desde que declaren su voluntad de serlo, transcurridos por lo menos cinco años a partir de la fecha del matrimonio.
3. Los extranjeros o extranjeras menores de edad para la fecha de la naturalización del padre o de la madre que ejerza sobre ellos la patria potestad, siempre que declaren su voluntad de ser venezolanos o venezolanas antes de cumplir los veintiún años de edad y hayan residido en Venezuela, ininterrumpidamente, durante los cinco años anteriores a dicha declaración. (Art. 33)
Citizenship and Nationality
Jamaica
- EnglishEvery person born outside Jamaica shall become a citizen of Jamaica-
a. on the sixth day of August, 1962, in the case of a person born before that date; or
b. on the date of his birth, in the case of a person born on or after the sixth day of August, 1962,
if, at that date, his father or mother is a citizen of Jamaica by birth, descent or registration by virtue of marriage to a citizen of Jamaica. (Sec. 3C)
Citizenship and Nationality
Guatemala
- EnglishThe citizenship is suspended, lost, and recovered in accordance with the provisions of the law. (Art. 148)
- SpanishLa ciudadanía se suspende, se pierde y se recobra de conformidad con lo que preceptúa la ley. (Art. 148)
Citizenship and Nationality
United States of America
- EnglishAll persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. … (Amendment XIV, Sec. 1)
Citizenship and Nationality
Saint Lucia
- EnglishA person born outside Saint Lucia after the commencement of this Constitution shall become a citizen at the date of his or her birth if, at that date, his or her father or mother is a citizen otherwise than by virtue of this section or section 99(3). (Sec. 101)
Citizenship and Nationality
Haiti
- EnglishAny person born of a Haitian father or Haitian mother who are themselves native-born Haitians and have never renounced their nationality possesses Haitian nationality at the time of birth. (Art. 11)
- FrenchPossède la Nationalité Haïtienne d'origine, tout individu né d'un père haïtien ou d'une mère haïtienne qui eux-mêmes sont nés Haïtiens et n'avaient jamais renoncé à leur nationalité au moment de la naissance. (Art. 11)
Citizenship and Nationality
Paraguay
- EnglishThe law will establish the norms concerning the acquisition, recovery and options of nationality, as well as concerning the suspension of the citizenship.
… (Art. 154) - SpanishLa ley establecerá las normas sobre adquisición, recuperación y opción de la nacionalidad, así como sobre la suspensión de la ciudadanía.
… (Art. 154)
Citizenship and Nationality
Grenada
- English…
(2) Any reference in this Chapter to the father of a person shall, in relation to a person born out of wedlock and not legitimated, be construed as a reference to the mother of that person.
… (Sec. 100)