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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Citizenship and Nationality
- English(1) Spanish nationality shall be acquired, retained and lost in accordance with the provisions of the law.
(2) No person of Spanish birth may be deprived of his or her nationality.
(3) The State may negotiate dual nationality treaties with Latin-American countries or with those which have had or which have special links with Spain. In these countries Spaniards may become naturalized without losing their nationality of origin, even if those countries do not grant a reciprocal right to their own citizens. (Sec. 11) - Spanish1. La nacionalidad española se adquiere, se conserva y se pierde de acuerdo con lo establecido por la ley.
2. Ningún español de origen podrá ser privado de su nacionalidad.
3. El Estado podrá concertar tratados de doble nacionalidad con los países iberoamericanos o con aquellos que hayan tenido o tengan una particular vinculación con España. En estos mismos países, aun cuando no reconozcan a sus ciudadanos un derecho recíproco, podrán naturalizarse los españoles sin perder su nacionalidad de origen. (Art. 11)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
(1) If while a person is a minor an application is made for his registration as a British citizen, the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit, cause him to be registered as such a citizen.
(2) A person born outside the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories shall be entitled, on an application for his registration as a British citizen made while he is a minor, to be registered as such a citizen if the requirements specified in subsection (3) or, in the case of a person born stateless, the requirements specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of that subsection, are fulfilled in the case of either that person’s father or his mother (“the parent in question”).
(3) The requirements referred to in subsection (2) are—
(a) that the parent in question was a British citizen by descent at the time of the birth; and
(b)that the father or mother of the parent in question—
(i) was a British citizen otherwise than by descent at the time of the birth of the parent in question; or
(ii) became a British citizen otherwise than by descent at commencement, or would have become such a citizen otherwise than by descent at commencement but for his or her death; and
(c) that, as regards some period of three years ending with a date not later than the date of the birth—
(i) the parent in question was in the United Kingdom or a qualifying territory at the beginning of that period; and
(ii) the number of days on which the parent in question was absent from the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories in that period does not exceed 270.
…
(5) A person born outside the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories shall be entitled, on an application for his registration as a British citizen made while he is a minor, to be registered as such a citizen if the following requirements are satisfied, namely—
(a) that at the time of that person’s birth his father or mother was a British citizen by descent; and
(b) subject to subsection (6), that that person and his father and mother were in the United Kingdom or a qualifying territory at the beginning of the period of three years ending with the date of the application and that, in the case of each of them, the number of days on which the person in question was absent from the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories in that period does not exceed 270; and
(c) subject to subsection (6), that the consent of his father and mother to the registration has been signified in the prescribed manner.
(6) In the case of an application under subsection (5) for the registration of a person as a British citizen—
(a) if his father or mother died, or their marriage or civil partnership was terminated, on or before the date of the application, or his father and mother were legally separated on that date, the references to his father and mother in paragraph (b) of that subsection shall be read either as references to his father or as references to his mother; and
(b) if his father or mother died on or before that date, the reference to his father and mother in paragraph (c) of that subsection shall be read as a reference to either of them.
(7) This section is subject to sections 31, 32 and 36 of the Illegal Migration Act 2023 (restriction of eligibility for citizenship etc). (British Nationality Act 1981, Sec. 3)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe President of the Republic shall grant Polish citizenship and shall give consent for renunciation of Polish citizenship. (Art. 137)
- PolishPrezydent Rzeczypospolitej nadaje obywatelstwo polskie i wyraża zgodę na zrzeczenie się obywatelstwa polskiego. (Art. 137)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThere is single citizenship in Ukraine. The grounds for the acquisition and termination of Ukrainian citizenship are determined by law. (Art. 4)
- UkrainianВ Україні існує єдине громадянство. Підстави набуття і припинення громадянства України визначаються законом. (Стаття 4)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. Everyone shall have the right to determine and declare his (her) nationality. Nobody shall be forced to determine and declare his (her) nationality.
… (Art. 26) - Russian1. Каждый вправе определять и указывать свою национальную принадлежность. Никто не может быть принужден к определению и указанию своей национальной принадлежности.
… (Статья 26)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
Citizens of the Republic of North Macedonia have citizenship of the Republic of North Macedonia. A citizen of the Republic of North Macedonia can not be deprived of citizenship, nor can he/she be expelled from the Republic of North Macedonia. … Citizenship of the Republic of North Macedonia is regulated by law. (Art. 4)3
- Macedonian
Граѓаните на Република Северна Македонија имаат државјанство на Република Северна Македонија.
На државјанин на Република Северна Македонија не може да му биде одземено државјанството, ниту може да биде протеран од Република Северна Македонија. ...
Државјанството на Република Северна Македонија се уредува со закон. (Член 4)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishThe President of the Republic:
…
21) shall grant citizenship of the Republic of Lithuania according to the procedure established by law;
… (Art. 84) - LithuanianRespublikos Prezidentas:
…
21) įstatymo nustatyta tvarka teikia Lietuvos Respublikos pilietybę;
… (84 straipsnis)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishSlovene citizenship shall be regulated by law. (Art. 12)
- SloveneDržavljanstvo Slovenije ureja zakon. (12. Člen)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English…
3. All persons possessing the qualifications for citizenship as specified by law are Greek citizens. Withdrawal of Greek citizenship shall be permitted only in case of voluntary acquisition of another citizenship or of undertaking service contrary to national interests in a foreign country, under the conditions and procedures more specifically provided by law.
… (Art. 4) - Greek…
3. Έλληνες πολίτες είναι όσοι έχουν τα προσόντα που ορίζει ο νόμος. Eπιτρέπεται να αφαιρεθεί η ελληνική ιθαγένεια μόνο σε περίπτωση που κάποιος απέκτησε εκούσια άλλη ιθαγένεια ή που ανέλαβε σε ξένη χώρα υπηρεσία αντίθετη προς τα εθνικά συμφέροντα, με τις προϋποθέσεις και τη διαδικασία που προβλέπει ειδικότερα ο νόμος.
… ('Αρθρο 4)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English…
7. There shall be a citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to be regulated by the Parliamentary Assembly, and a citizenship of each Entity, to be regulated by each Entity, provided that:
a) All citizens of either Entity are thereby citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
b) No person shall be deprived of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Entity citizenship arbitrarily or so as to leave him or her stateless. No person shall be deprived of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Entity citizenship on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status.
c) All persons who were citizens of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina immediately prior to the entry into force of this Constitution are citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The citizenship of persons who were naturalized after April 6, 1992 and before the entry into force of this Constitution will be regulated by the Parliamentary Assembly.
d) Citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina may hold the citizenship of another state, provided that there is a bilateral agreement, approved by the Parliamentary Assembly in accordance with Article IV(4)(d), between Bosnia and Herzegovina and that state governing this matter. Persons with dual citizenship may vote in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Entities only if Bosnia and Herzegovina is their country of residence.
… (Art. I) - Bosnian…
7. Postoji državljanstvo Bosne i Hercegovine, koje reguliše Parlamentarna skupština, i državljanstvo svakog entiteta koje regulišu sami entiteti, pod uslovom da:
a) Svi državljani bilo kojeg entiteta su, samim tim, državljani Bosne i Hercegovine.
b) Nijedno lice ne može biti arbitrarno lišeno državljanstva Bosne i Hercegovine, ili državljanstva entiteta, ili na drugi način ostavljeno bez državljanstva. Niko ne može biti lišen državljanstva Bosne i Hercegovine, ili entiteta, po bilo kojem osnovu kao što je pol, rasa, boja, jezik, vjera, političko ili drugo mišljenje, nacionalno ili socijalno porijeklo, povezanost sa nacionalnom manjinom, imovina, rođenje ili bilo koji drugi status.
c) Sva lica koja su bila državljani Republike Bosne i Hercegovine, neposredno prije stupanja na snagu ovog Ustava, su državljani Bosne i Hercegovine. Državljanstvo lica koja su naturalizovana poslije 6.4.1992. godine, a prije stupanja na snagu ovog Ustava, regulisaće Parlamentarna skupština.
d) Državljani Bosne i Hercegovine mogu imati državljanstvo druge države, pod uslovom da postoji bilateralni ugovor između Bosne i Hercegovine i te države kojim se to pitanje uređuje, a koji je odobrila Parlamentarna skupština u skladu sa članom IV, stav 4, tačka (d). Lica sa dvojnim državljanstvom mogu glasati u Bosni i Hercegovini i u entitetima samo ako je Bosna i Hercegovina država njihovog prebivališta.
… (Član I) - Croatian…
7. Postoji državljanstvo Bosne i Hercegovine, koje uređuje Parlamentarna skupština, i državljanstvo svakog entiteta, koje uređuje svaki entitet, pod uvjetom da:
a) Svi državljani nekog entiteta su, samim tim, državljani Bosne i Hercegovine.
b) Ni jedna osoba ne može samovoljno biti lišena državljanstva Bosne i Hercegovine, ili državljanstva entiteta, ili na drugi način ostavljena bez državljanstva. Nitko ne može biti lišen državljanstva Bosne i Hercegovine, ili entiteta, iz bilo kojeg razloga kao što su spol, rasa, boja, jezik, vjera, političko ili drugo uvjerenje, nacionalno ili društveno podrijetlo, vezivanje za neku nacionalnu manjinu, imovina, rođenje ili drugi status.
c) Sve osobe koje su bile državljani Republike Bosne i Hercegovine neposredno prije stupanja na snagu ovoga Ustava, državljani su Bosne i Hercegovine. Državljanstvo osoba koje su naturalizirane poslije 6. travnja 1992. godine, a prije stupanja na snagu ovog Ustava, uredit će Parlamentarna skupština.
d) Državljani Bosne i Hercegovine mogu imati državljanstvo neke druge države, pod uvjetom da postoji bilateralni sporazum između Bosne i Hercegovine i te države kojim se to pitanje uređuje, a koji je odobrila Parlamentarna skupštine sukladno članku IV, stavak 4, točka (d). Osobe s dvojnim državljanstvom mogu glasovati u Bosni i Hercegovini i u entitetima samo ako je Bosna i Hercegovina zemlja njihova prebivanja.
… (Članak I) - Serbian…
7. Постоји држављанство Босне и Херцеговине, које регулише Парламентарна скупштина, и држављанство сваког ентитета, које регулише сваки ентитет, под условом:
а) Да су сви држављани сваког ентитета самим тим и држављани Босне и Херцеговине,
б) Да се ниједном лицу не може самовољно одузети држављанство Босне и Херцеговине или ентитета нити га се на други начин оставити без држављанства. Ниједно лице не може бити лишено држављанства Босне и Херцеговине по било којој основи, као што је пол, раса, боја, језик, вјероисповијест, политичко или друго мишљење, национално или социјално поријекло, повезаност са националном мањином, имовина, рођење или неки други статуси.
ц) Сва лица која су била држављани Републике Босне и Херцеговине непосредно прије ступања на снагу овога Устава, су држављани Босне и Херцеговине. Држављанство лица која су натурализована послије 6. априла 1992, а прије ступања на снагу овог Устава, регулисаће Парламентарна скупштина.
д) Држављани Босне и Херцеговине могу имати држављанство друге државе, под условом да постоји билатерални споразум између Босне и Херцеговине и те државе којим се то питање уређује, а који је одобрила Парламентарна скупштина у складу са чланом IV, став 4, тачка (д). Лица са двојним држављанством могу гласати у Босни и Херцеговини и ентитетима само ако имају пребивалиште у Босни и Херцеговини.
… (Члан I)