SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Education
- English
(1) Every person has the right to education.
(2) The State organizes teaching [enseignement] and guarantees [its] access.
The duration of the obligatory education [enseignement] is established by the law.
The basic and secondary public education is free.
(3) Freedom of teaching is exercised within respect for the values of a democratic society based on fundamental rights and public freedoms.
State intervention in private education is established by the law.
(4) Every person is free to study in Luxembourg or abroad, to attend the universities of their choice. The conditions for the recognition of the diplomas are established by the law. (Art. 33)
Education
- EnglishAll children of school age shall be entitled to free instruction in primary schools. Parents or guardians making their own arrangements for their children or wards to receive instruction equivalent to the general primary school standard shall not be obliged to have their children or wards taught in a publicly provided school. (Sec. 76)
- DanishAlle børn i den undervisningspligtige alder har ret til fri undervisning i folkeskolen. Forældre eller værger, der selv sørger for, at børnene får en undervisning, der kan stå mål med, hvad der almindeligvis kræves i folkeskolen, er ikke pligtige at lade børnene undervise i folkeskolen. (§ 76)
Education
- English
…
Parents or persons in loco parentis shall be entitled and required to raise their children and to take care of their health, development and education,
…
Women and men shall be guaranteed equal rights in their opportunities to receive education and vocational training, … (Art. 32) - Belarusian
…
Бацькі або асобы, якія іх замяняюць, маюць права і абавязаны выхоўваць дзяцей, клапаціцца аб іх здароўі, развіцці і навучанні,
…
Жанчынам і мужчынам забяспечваецца прадастаўленне роўных магчымасцей у атрыманні адукацыі і прафесійнай падрыхтоўцы, … (Артыкул 32) - Russian
…
Родители или лица, их заменяющие, имеют право и обязаны воспитывать детей, заботиться об их здоровье, развитии и обучении,
…
Женщинам и мужчинам обеспечивается предоставление равных возможностей в получении образования и профессиональной подготовке, … (Статья 32)
Education
- EnglishThe right to education under same conditions shall be guaranteed.
Elementary education shall be obligatory and free of charge.
… (Art. 75) - MontenegrinJemči se pravo na školovanje pod jednakim uslovima.
Osnovno školovanje je obavezno i besplatno.
… (Član 75)
Education
- EnglishThe Nation guarantees equal access for children and adults to instruction, vocational training and culture. The provision of free, public and secular education at all levels is a duty of the State. (1946 Preamble, Sec. 13)
- FrenchLa Nation garantit l'égal accès de l'enfant et de l'adulte à l'instruction, à la formation professionnelle et à la culture. L'organisation de l'enseignement public gratuit et laïque à tous les degrés est un devoir de l'Etat. (Préambule 1946, Sec. 13)
Education
- English1. Everyone shall have the right to education. Education to 18 years of age shall be compulsory. The manner of fulfilment of schooling obligations shall be specified by statute.
2. Education in public schools shall be without payment. Statutes may allow for payments for certain services provided by public institutions of higher education.
3. Parents shall have the right to choose schools other than public for their children.
…
4. Public authorities shall ensure universal and equal access to education for citizens. To this end, they shall establish and support systems for individual financial and organizational assistance to pupils and students. The conditions for providing of such assistance shall be specified by statute.
... (Art. 70) - Polish1. Każdy ma prawo do nauki. Nauka do 18 roku życia jest obowiązkowa. Sposób wykonywania obowiązku szkolnego określa ustawa.
2. Nauka w szkołach publicznych jest bezpłatna. Ustawa może dopuścić świadczenie niektórych usług edukacyjnych przez publiczne szkoły wyższe za odpłatnością.
3. Rodzice mają wolność wyboru dla swoich dzieci szkół innych niż publiczne.
…
4. Władze publiczne zapewniają obywatelom powszechny i równy dostęp do wykształcenia. W tym celu tworzą i wspierają systemy indywidualnej pomocy finansowej i organizacyjnej dla uczniów i studentów. Warunki udzielania pomocy określa ustawa.
... (Art. 70)
Education
- English
1. Everyone has the right to education.
2. Mandatory school education is determined by law.
3. Public general high school education is open for all.
4. Professional high school education and higher education may be conditioned only on aptitude criteria.
5. Mandatory education and general high school education in public schools are free.
... (Art. 57) - Albanian
1. Kushdo ka të drejtën për arsimim.
2. Arsimi shkollor i detyrueshëm caktohet me ligj.
3. Arsimi i mesëm i përgjithshëm publik është i hapur për të gjithë.
4. Arsimi i mesëm profesional dhe i lartë mund të kushtëzohet vetëm nga kritere aftësie.
5. Arsimi i detyrueshëm, si dhe arsimi i mesëm i përgjithshëm në shkollat publike është falas.
... (Neni 57)
Education
- English1 The Cantons are responsible for the system of school education.
2 They shall ensure the provision of an adequate basic education that is available to all children. Basic education is mandatory and is managed or supervised by the state. At state schools it is free of charge.
3 The Cantons shall ensure that adequate special needs education is provided to all children and young people with disabilities up to the age of 20.
4 Where harmonisation of school education is not achieved by means of coordination in the areas of school entry age and compulsory school attendance, the duration and objectives of levels of education, and the transition for one level to another, as well as the recognition of qualifications, the Confederation shall issue regulations to achieve such harmonisation.
…
6 The Cantons shall participate in the drafting of federal legislation on school education that affects cantonal responsibilities, and special account shall be taken of their opinions. (Art. 62) - French1 L’instruction publique est du ressort des cantons.
2 Les cantons pourvoient à un enseignement de base suffisant ouvert à tous les enfants. Cet enseignement est obligatoire et placé sous la direction ou la surveillance des autorités publiques. Il est gratuit dans les écoles publiques.
3 Les cantons pourvoient à une formation spéciale suffisante pour les enfants et adolescents handicapés, au plus tard jusqu’à leur 20e anniversaire.
4 Si les efforts de coordination n’aboutissent pas à une harmonisation de l’instruction publique concernant la scolarité obligatoire, l’âge de l’entrée à l’école, la durée et les objectifs des niveaux d’enseignement et le passage de l’un à l’autre, ainsi que la reconnaissance des diplômes, la Confédération légifère dans la mesure nécessaire.
…
6 Les cantons sont associés à la préparation des actes de la Confédération qui affectent leurs compétences; leur avis revêt un poids particulier. (Art. 62) - German1 Für das Schulwesen sind die Kantone zuständig.
2 Sie sorgen für einen ausreichenden Grundschulunterricht, der allen Kindern offen steht. Der Grundschulunterricht ist obligatorisch und untersteht staatlicher Leitung oder Aufsicht. An öffentlichen Schulen ist er unentgeltlich.
3 Die Kantone sorgen für eine ausreichende Sonderschulung aller behinderten Kinder und Jugendlichen bis längstens zum vollendeten 20. Altersjahr.
4 Kommt auf dem Koordinationsweg keine Harmonisierung des Schulwesens im Bereich des Schuleintrittsalters und der Schulpflicht, der Dauer und Ziele der Bildungsstufen und von deren Übergängen sowie der Anerkennung von Abschlüssen zustande, so erlässt der Bund die notwendigen Vorschriften.
…
6 Bei der Vorbereitung von Erlassen des Bundes, welche die Zuständigkeit der Kantone betreffen, kommt der Mitwirkung der Kantone besonderes Gewicht zu. (Art. 62) - Italian1 Il settore scolastico compete ai Cantoni.
2 I Cantoni provvedono a una sufficiente istruzione scolastica di base, accessibile a tutti i giovani. L’istruzione di base è obbligatoria e sottostà alla direzione o vigilanza dello Stato. Nelle scuole pubbliche è gratuita.
3 I Cantoni provvedono altresì a una sufficiente istruzione scolastica speciale per tutti i fanciulli e giovani disabili, fino al massimo al compimento del ventesimo anno di età.
4 Se gli sforzi di coordinamento non sfociano in un’armonizzazione del settore scolastico per quanto riguarda l’età d’inizio della scolarità e la scuola dell’obbligo, la durata e gli obiettivi delle fasi della formazione e il passaggio dall’una all’altra fase, nonché il riconoscimento dei diplomi, la Confederazione emana le norme necessarie.
…
6 È attribuita particolare importanza alla partecipazione dei Cantoni all’elaborazione degli atti legislativi federali che concernono le loro competenze. (Art. 62)
Education
- English(1) Everyone has the right to education. …
(2) Education shall aim at the full development of human personality with due respect for the democratic principles of coexistence and for basic rights and freedoms.
…
(4) Elementary education is compulsory and free.
(5) The public authorities guarantee the right of all to education, through general education programming, with the effective participation of all sectors concerned and the setting-up of educational centres.
…
(8) The public authorities shall inspect and standardise the educational system in order to ensure compliance with the law.
... (Sec. 27) - Spanish1. Todos tienen el derecho a la educación. …
2. La educación tendrá por objeto el pleno desarrollo de la personalidad humana en el respeto a los principios democráticos de convivencia y a los derechos y libertades fundamentales.
…
4. La enseñanza básica es obligatoria y gratuita.
5. Los poderes públicos garantizan el derecho de todos a la educación, mediante una programación general de la enseñanza, con participación efectiva de todos los sectores afectados y la creación de centros docentes.
…
8. Los poderes públicos inspeccionarán y homologarán el sistema educativo para garantizar el cumplimiento de las leyes.
... (Art. 27)
Education
- English1. Everyone has the right to education and culture.
2. The state shall promote the democratisation of education and the other conditions needed for an education conducted at school and via other means of training to contribute to equal opportunities, the overcoming of economic, social and cultural inequalities, the development of the personality and the spirit of tolerance, mutual understanding, solidarity and responsibility, to social progress and to democratic participation in collective life.
… (Art. 73) - Portuguese1. Todos têm direito à educação e à cultura.
2. O Estado promove a democratização da educação e as demais condições para que a educação, realizada através da escola e de outros meios formativos, contribua para a igualdade de oportunidades, a superação das desigualdades económicas, sociais e culturais, o desenvolvimento da personalidade e do espírito de tolerância, de compreensão mútua, de solidariedade e de responsabilidade, para o progresso social e para a participação democrática na vida colectiva.
… (Art. 73)