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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Citizenship and Nationality
- English1. Everyone is accorded the rights to personal identity, to the development of personality, to civil capacity, to citizenship,
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4. Deprivation of citizenship and restrictions on civil capacity may only occur in the cases and under the terms that are provided for by law, and may not be based on political motives. (Art. 26) - Portuguese1. A todos são reconhecidos os direitos à identidade pessoal, ao desenvolvimento da personalidade, à capacidade civil, à cidadania,
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4. A privação da cidadania e as restrições à capacidade civil só podem efectuar-se nos casos e termos previstos na lei, não podendo ter como fundamento motivos políticos. (Art. 26)
Citizenship and Nationality
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3. All persons possessing the qualifications for citizenship as specified by law are Greek citizens. Withdrawal of Greek citizenship shall be permitted only in case of voluntary acquisition of another citizenship or of undertaking service contrary to national interests in a foreign country, under the conditions and procedures more specifically provided by law.
… (Art. 4) - Greek…
3. Έλληνες πολίτες είναι όσοι έχουν τα προσόντα που ορίζει ο νόμος. Eπιτρέπεται να αφαιρεθεί η ελληνική ιθαγένεια μόνο σε περίπτωση που κάποιος απέκτησε εκούσια άλλη ιθαγένεια ή που ανέλαβε σε ξένη χώρα υπηρεσία αντίθετη προς τα εθνικά συμφέροντα, με τις προϋποθέσεις και τη διαδικασία που προβλέπει ειδικότερα ο νόμος.
… ('Αρθρο 4)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
(1) The citizenship of the Republic of Moldova shall be acquired, maintained or withdrawn under the conditions provided for by the organic law.
(2) No one may be arbitrarily deprived of his/her citizenship or of the right to change the citizenship. (Art. 17) - Moldovian
(1) Cetăţenia Republicii Moldova se dobîndeşte, se păstrează ori se pierde în condiţiile prevăzute de legea organică.
(2) Nimeni nu poate fi lipsit în mod arbitrar de cetăţenia sa şi nici de dreptul de a-şi schimba cetăţenia. (Art. 17)
Citizenship and Nationality
- English
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No one may be deprived of citizenship of the Republic of Belarus or of the right to change citizenship.
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The acquisition and termination of citizenship shall be in accordance with the law. (Art. 10) - Belarusian
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Ніхто не можа быць пазбаўлены грамадзянства Рэспублікі Беларусь або права змяніць грамадзянства.
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Набыццё і страта грамадзянства ажыццяўляюцца ў адпаведнасці з законам. (Артыкул 10) - Russian
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Никто не может быть лишен гражданства Республики Беларусь или права изменить гражданство.
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Приобретение и утрата гражданства осуществляются в соответствии с законом. (Статья 10)
Citizenship and Nationality
- EnglishSlovene citizenship shall be regulated by law. (Art. 12)
- SloveneDržavljanstvo Slovenije ureja zakon. (12. Člen)
Education
- English§ 1. Education is free; any preventive measure is forbidden; the punishment of offences is regulated only by the law or federate law.
The community offers free choice to parents.
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§ 3. Everyone has the right to education with the respect of fundamental rights and freedoms. Access to education is free until the end of compulsory education.
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§ 4. All pupils or students, parents, teaching staff or institutions are equal before the law or federate law. The law and federate law take into account objective differences, in particular the characteristics of each organising authority that warrant appropriate treatment.
§ 5. The organisation, the recognition and the subsidising of education by the community are regulated by the law or federate law. (Art. 24) - Dutch§ 1. Het onderwijs is vrij; elke preventieve maatregel is verboden; de bestraffingvan de misdrijven wordt alleen door de wet of het decreet geregeld.
De gemeenschap waarborgt de keuzevrijheid van de ouders.
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§ 3. Ieder heeft recht op onderwijs, met eerbiediging van de fundamentele rechten en vrijheden. De toegang tot het onderwijs is kosteloos tot het einde van de leerplicht.
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§ 4. Alle leerlingen of studenten, ouders, personeelsleden en onderwijsinstellingen zijn gelijk voor de wet of het decreet. De wet en het decreet houden rekening met objectieve verschillen, waaronder de eigen karakteristieken van iedere inrichtende macht, die een aangepaste behandeling verantwoorden.
§ 5. De inrichting, erkenning of subsidiëring van het onderwijs door de gemeenschap wordt geregeld door de wet of het decreet. (Art. 24) - French§ 1er. L’enseignement est libre; toute mesure préventive est interdite; la répression des délits n’est réglée que par la loi ou le décret.
La communauté assure le libre choix des parents.
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§ 3. Chacun a droit à l’enseignement dans le respect des libertés et droits fondamentaux. L’accès à l’enseignement est gratuit jusqu’à la fin de l’obligation scolaire.
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§ 4. Tous les élèves ou étudiants, parents, membres du personnel et établissements d’enseignement sont égaux devant la loi ou le décret. La loi et le décret prennent en compte les différences objectives, notamment les caractéristiques propres à chaque pouvoir organisateur, qui justifient un traitement approprié.
§ 5. L’organisation, la reconnaissance ou le subventionnement de l’enseignement par la communauté sont réglés par la loi ou le décret. (Art. 24) - German§ 1 – Das Unterrichtswesen ist frei; jede präventive Maßnahme ist verboten; die Ahndung der Delikte wird nur durch Gesetz oder Dekret geregelt.
Die Gemeinschaft gewährleistet die Wahlfreiheit der Eltern.
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§ 3 – Jeder hat ein Recht auf Unterricht unter Berücksichtigung der Grundfreiheiten und Grundrechte. Der Zugang zum Unterricht ist unentgeltlich bis zum Ende der Schulpflicht.
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§ 4 – Alle Schüler oder Studenten, Eltern, Personalmitglieder und Unterrichtsanstalten sind vor dem Gesetz oder dem Dekret gleich. Das Gesetz und das Dekret berücksichtigen die objektiven Unterschiede, insbesondere die jedem Organisationsträger eigenen Merkmale, die eine angepasste Behandlung rechtfertigen.
§ 5 – Die Organisation, die Anerkennung oder die Bezuschussung des Unterrichtswesens durch die Gemeinschaft wird durch Gesetz oder Dekret geregelt. (Art. 24)
Education
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6. Parents or legal tutors have the right to ensure, in accordance with their own convictions, the education of the minor children whose responsibility devolves on them. (Art. 29) - Romanian…
(6) Părinţii sau tutorii au dreptul de a asigura, potrivit propriilor convingeri, educaţia copiilor minori a căror răspundere le revine. (Art. 29)
Education
- English1) The entire system of education and instruction shall be under the supervision of the State, without prejudice to the inviolability of church teachings.
2) Education shall be universal and compulsory.
3) The State shall ensure that adequate compulsory instruction in the elementary subjects is given free of charge in public schools.
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5) Nobody shall allow young persons in their charge to leave school without the degree of schooling prescribed for public elementary schools.
… (Art. 16) - German1) Das gesamte Erziehungs- und Unterrichtswesen steht, unbeschadet der Unantastbarkeit der kirchlichen Lehre, unter staatlicher Aufsicht.
2) Es besteht allgemeine Schulpflicht.
3) Der Staat sorgt dafür, dass der obligatorische Unterricht in den Elementarfächern in genügendem Ausmass in öffentlichen Schulen unentgeltlich erteilt wird.
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5) Niemand darf die unter seiner Aufsicht stehende Jugend ohne den für die öffentlichen Elementarschulen vorgeschriebenen Grad von Unterricht lassen.
… (Art. 16)
Education
- English(1) Capable and deserving students, even if without financial resources, are entitled to attain the highest grades of education.
(2) The State shall give effect to this principle by means of scholarships, of contributions to the families of students and other provisions on the basis of competitive examinations. (Art. 11) - Maltese(1) L-istudenti kapaċi u meritevoli, ukoll jekk mingħajr risorsi finanzjarji, għandhom dritt li jilħqu l-ogħla gradi ta' edukazzjoni.
(2) L-Istat għandu jagħti effett għal dan il-prinċipju permezz ta' boroż ta' studju, ta' kontribuzzjonijiet lill-familji tal-istudenti u provvedimenti oħra fuq il-bażi ta' eżamijiet kompetittivi. (Art. 11)
Education
- English
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(2) The family shall be founded … on the right and obligation of parents to ensure upbringing and education of their children.
… (Art. 48) - Moldovian
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(2) Familia se întemeiază ... pe dreptul şi îndatorirea părinţilor de a asigura creşterea, educaţia şi instruirea copiilor.
… (Art. 48)