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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Political Rights and Association
Philippines
- EnglishSuffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the Philippines for at least one year, and in the place wherein they propose to vote, for at least six months immediately preceding the election. No literacy, property, or other substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercise of suffrage. (Art. V, Sec. 1)
- FilipinoAng karapatan sa halal ay maaaring gampanan ng lahat ng mga mamamayan ng Pilipinas na hindi inalisan ng karapatan ng batas, na labingwalong taong gulang man lamang, at nakapanirahan sa Pilipinas sa loob ng isang taon man lamang, at anim na buwan man lamang sa lugar na kanilang bobotohan kagyat bago maghalalan. Walang dapat ipataw na literasi, ariarian o iba pang substantibong kinakailangan sa pagganap ng karapatan sa halal. (Art. V, Seksyon 1)
Political Rights and Association
Liechtenstein
- EnglishThe right of free association and assembly shall be guaranteed within the limits prescribed by law. (Art. 41)
- GermanDas freie Vereins- und Versammlungsrecht ist innerhalb der gesetzlichen Schranken gewährleistet. (Art. 41)
Political Rights and Association
Timor-Leste
- English1. Everyone is guaranteed freedom of association provided that the association is not intended to promote violence and is in accordance with the law.
… (Sec. 43) - Tetum1. Ema hotu-hotu hetan liberdade ba asosiasaun, ho hanoin ida ne’ebé la hala’o violénsia no halo tuir lei haruka.
… (Art. 43) - Portuguese1. A todos é garantida a liberdade de associação, desde que não se destine a promover a violência e seja conforme com a lei.
… (Art. 43)
Political Rights and Association
Portugal
- English1. Direct, secret and periodic suffrage is the general rule for the appointment of the officeholders of the elected entities that exercise sovereignty, elected organs of autonomous regions and elected local government organs.
...
3. Election campaigns are governed by the following principles:
…
b) Equal opportunities and treatment for all candidatures;
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5. Votes are converted into seats in harmony with the principle of proportional representation.
… (Art. 113) - Portuguese1. O sufrágio directo, secreto e periódico constitui a regra geral de designação dos titulares dos órgãos electivos da soberania, das regiões autónomas e do poder local.
...
3. As campanhas eleitorais regem-se pelos seguintes princípios:
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b) Igualdade de oportunidades e de tratamento das diversas candidaturas;
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5. A conversão dos votos em mandatos far-se-á de harmonia com o princípio da representação proporcional.
... (Art. 113)
Political Rights and Association
Papua New Guinea
- EnglishEvery person has the right peacefully to assemble and associate and to form or belong to, or not to belong to, political parties, industrial organizations or other associations, except to the extent that the exercise of that right is regulated or restricted by a law-
(a) that makes reasonable provision in respect of the registration of all or any associations; or
(b) that imposes restrictions on non-citizens; or
(c) that complies with Section 38 (general qualifications on qualified rights). (Sec. 47)
Political Rights and Association
Romania
- English(1) Citizens may freely associate into political parties, trade unions, employers' associations, and other forms of association.
... (Art. 40) - Romanian(1) Cetăţenii se pot asocia liber în partide politice, în sindicate, în patronate şi în alte forme de asociere.
… (Art. 40)
Political Rights and Association
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishI. The equal participation of men and women shall be guaranteed in the election of the members of the assembly.
II. Proportional participation of the nations and rural native indigenous peoples shall be guaranteed in the election of members of the assembly.
… (Art. 147) - SpanishI. En la elección de asambleístas se garantizará la igual participación de hombres y mujeres.
II. En la elección de asambleístas se garantizará la participación proporcional de las naciones y pueblos indígena originario campesinos.
… (Art. 147)
Political Rights and Association
Rwanda
- EnglishThe State of Rwanda commits itself to upholding the following fundamental principles and ensuring their respect:
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4° building a State governed by the rule of law, a pluralistic democratic Government, equality of all Rwandans and between men and women which is affirmed by women occupying at least thirty percent (30%) of positions in decision-making organs;
… (Art. 10) - KinyarwandaLeta y’u Rwanda yiyemeje kugendera ku mahame remezo akurikira no gutuma yubahirizwa:
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4° kubaka Leta igendera ku mategeko n’ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi ishingiye ku bitekerezo bya politiki binyuranye, uburinganire bw’Abanyarwanda bose n'ubw'abagore n'abagabo bushimangirwa n’uko abagore bagira nibura mirongo itatu ku ijana (30%) by’imyanya mu nzego zifatirwamo ibyemezo;
… (Ingingo ya 10) - FrenchL’Etat du Rwanda s’engage à se conformer aux principes fondamentaux suivants et à les faire respecter:
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4° édification d’un Etat de droit et du régime démocratique pluraliste, égalité de tous les Rwandais et égalité entre hommes et femmes reflétée par l’attribution aux femmes d’au moins trente pour cent (30%) des postes dans les instances de prise de décisions;
… (Art. 10)
Political Rights and Association
Comoros
- EnglishSovereignty belongs to the people who exercise it by their representatives or by way [voie] of referendum. No section of the people nor any individual may arrogate its exercise.
Suffrage may be direct or indirect within the conditions provided for by the Constitution and the law. It is always universal, equal and secret.
All Comorians of the two sexes enjoying their civil and political rights[,] are electors, within the conditions determined by the law. (Art. 3) - Arabicالسيادة للشعب الذي يمارسها من خلال ممثليه أو عن طريق الاستفتاء. لا يجوز أن يعزو أي قسم من الشعب ولا أي فرد ممارستها.
يكون الاقتراع مباشراً أو غير مباشر في إطار الشروط التي ينص عليها الدستور والقانون وهو دائماً شاملاً ومتساوياً وسرياً.
جميع القمريين المتمتعين بحقوقهم المدنية والسياسية هم ناخبون في إطار الشروط المحددة في القانون. (المادة 3) - FrenchLa souveraineté appartient au peuple qui l'exerce par ses représentants et par la voie du referendum. Aucune section du peuple ni aucun individu ne peut s’en attribuer l’exercice.
Le suffrage peut être direct ou indirect dans les conditions prévues par la constitution et la loi. Il est toujours universel, égal et secret.
Sont électeurs, dans les conditions déterminées par la loi, tous les Comoriens des deux sexes jouissant de leurs droits civils et politiques. (Art. 3)
Political Rights and Association
Paraguay
- EnglishThe citizens, without distinction of gender [sexo], have the right to participate in public matters, directly or through their representatives, in the form determined by this Constitution and the laws.
The access of women to public functions shall be promoted. (Art. 117) - SpanishLos ciudadanos, sin distinción de sexo, tienen el derecho a participar en los asuntos públicos, directamente o por medio de sus representantes, en la forma que determine esta Constitución y las leyes.
Se promoverá el acceso de la mujer a las funciones públicas. (Art. 117)