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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 363 RESULTS
Citizenship and Nationality
Antigua and Barbuda
- English1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph (e) of section 112 and of section 117 of this Constitution, the following persons shall be entitled, upon making application, to be registered on or after 1st November 1981-
a. any person who, on 31st October 1981-
i. was married to a person who becomes a citizen by virtue of section 112 of this Constitution; or
ii. was married to a person who, having died before 1st November 1981, would have but for his or her death, become a citizen by virtue of that section: Provided that such person is not, or was not at the time of the death of the spouse, living apart from the spouse under a decree of a competent court or a deed of separation;
b. any person who-
i. was married to a person who is or becomes a citizen; or
ii. was married to a person who was or, but for his or her death, would have become a citizen:
Provided that no application shall be allowed from such person before the marriage has subsisted for upwards of three years and that such person is not, or was not at the time of the death of the spouse, living apart from the spouse under a decree of a competent court or a deed of separation;
c. i. every person being a Commonwealth citizen who on 31st October 1981 was domiciled in Antigua and had been ordinarily resident therein for a period of not less than seven years preceding that day;
ii. any person who being a Commonwealth citizen is domiciled in Antigua and Barbuda and has for a period of not less than seven years immediately preceding his application been lawfully ordinarily resident in Antigua and Barbuda (whether or not that period commenced before 1st November 1981);
d. any person who, but for having renounced his citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies in order to qualify for the acquisition or retention of the citizenship of another country, would have become a citizen on 1st November 1981;
e. any person who, having been a citizen, had to renounce his citizenship in order to qualify for the acquisition or retention of the citizenship of another country;
f. any person under the age of eighteen years who is the child, stepchild or child adopted in a manner recognised by law of a citizen or is the child, stepchild or child so adopted of a person who is or would but for his death have been entitled to be registered as a citizen under this subsection.
2. An application under this section shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed as respects that application by or under a law enacted by Parliament and, in the case of a person to whom subsection (1) (f) of this section applies, it shall be made on his behalf by his parent or guardian:
Provided that if the person to whom subsection (1) (f) of this section applies is or has been married, the application may be made by that person. (Sec. 114)
Citizenship and Nationality
El Salvador
- English[The following] are Salvadorans by birth:
1) Those born in the territory of El Salvador;
2) The children of a Salvadoran father or mother, born abroad;
3) The natives [originarios] of the other States that constituted the Federal Republic of Central America, who having [a] domicile in El Salvador, manifest before the competent authorities their will to be Salvadoran, without requiring of them the renunciation of their nationality of origin. (Art. 90) - SpanishSon salvadoreños por nacimiento:
1º- Los nacidos en el territorio de El Salvador;
2º- Los hijos de padre o madre salvadoreños, nacidos en el extranjero;
3º- Los originarios de los demás Estados que constituyeron la República Federal de Centro América, que teniendo domicilio en El Salvador, manifiesten ante las autoridades competentes su voluntad de ser salvadoreños, sin que se requiera la renuncia a su nacionalidad de origen. (Art. 90)
Citizenship and Nationality
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- English(1) If while a person is a minor an application is made for his registration as a British citizen, the Secretary of State may, if he thinks fit, cause him to be registered as such a citizen.
(2) A person born outside the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories shall be entitled, on an application for his registration as a British citizen made while he is a minor, to be registered as such a citizen if the requirements specified in subsection (3) or, in the case of a person born stateless, the requirements specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of that subsection, are fulfilled in the case of either that person’s father or his mother (“the parent in question”).
(3) The requirements referred to in subsection (2) are—
(a) that the parent in question was a British citizen by descent at the time of the birth; and
(b)that the father or mother of the parent in question—
(i) was a British citizen otherwise than by descent at the time of the birth of the parent in question; or
(ii) became a British citizen otherwise than by descent at commencement, or would have become such a citizen otherwise than by descent at commencement but for his or her death; and
(c) that, as regards some period of three years ending with a date not later than the date of the birth—
(i) the parent in question was in the United Kingdom or a qualifying territory at the beginning of that period; and
(ii) the number of days on which the parent in question was absent from the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories in that period does not exceed 270.
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(5) A person born outside the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories shall be entitled, on an application for his registration as a British citizen made while he is a minor, to be registered as such a citizen if the following requirements are satisfied, namely—
(a) that at the time of that person’s birth his father or mother was a British citizen by descent; and
(b) subject to subsection (6), that that person and his father and mother were in the United Kingdom or a qualifying territory at the beginning of the period of three years ending with the date of the application and that, in the case of each of them, the number of days on which the person in question was absent from the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories in that period does not exceed 270; and
(c) subject to subsection (6), that the consent of his father and mother to the registration has been signified in the prescribed manner.
(6) In the case of an application under subsection (5) for the registration of a person as a British citizen—
(a) if his father or mother died, or their marriage or civil partnership was terminated, on or before the date of the application, or his father and mother were legally separated on that date, the references to his father and mother in paragraph (b) of that subsection shall be read either as references to his father or as references to his mother; and
(b) if his father or mother died on or before that date, the reference to his father and mother in paragraph (c) of that subsection shall be read as a reference to either of them.
(British Nationality Act 1981, Sec. 3)3
Citizenship and Nationality
Malaysia
- English(1) Subject to Article 18, any married woman whose husband is a citizen is entitled, upon making application to the Federal Government, to be registered as a citizen if the marriage was subsisting and the husband a citizen at the beginning of October 1962, or if she satisfies the Federal Government—
(a) that she has resided in the Federation throughout the two years preceding the date of the application and intends to do so permanently; and
(b) that she is of good character.
(2) Subject to Article 18, the Federal Government may cause any person under the age of twenty-one years of whose parents one at least is (or was at death) a citizen to be registered as a citizen upon application made to the Federal Government by his parent or guardian.
(3) Subject to Article 18, a person under the age of twenty-one years who was born before the beginning of October 1962, and whose father is (or was at his death) a citizen and was also a citizen at the beginning of that month (if then alive), is entitled upon application made to the Federal Government by his parent or guardian, to be registered as a citizen if the Federal Government is satisfied that he is ordinarily resident in the Federation and is of good character.
(4) For the purposes of Clause (1) residence before Malaysia Day in the territories comprised in the States of Sabah and Sarawak shall be treated as residence in the Federation.
(5) The reference in Clause (1) to a married woman is a reference to a woman whose marriage has been registered in accordance with any written law in force in the Federation, including any such law in force before Merdeka Day, or with any written law in force before Malaysia Day in the territories comprised in the States of Sabah and Sarawak:
Provided that this Clause shall not apply where the woman applies to be registered as a citizen before the beginning of September 1965, or such later date as may be fixed by order of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and is at the date of the application ordinarily resident in the States of Sabah and Sarawak. (Art. 15) - Malay(1) Tertakluk kepada Perkara 18, apabila permohonan dibuat kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan oleh mana-mana perempuan bersuami yang suaminya seorang warganegara, maka perempuan itu berhak didaftarkan sebagai warganegara jika perkahwinan itu masih wujud dan suaminya itu seorang warganegara pada permulaan bulan Oktober 1962, atau jika dia memuaskan hati Kerajaan Persekutuan—
(a) bahawa dia telah bermastautin di Persekutuan sepanjang tempoh dua tahun sebelum tarikh permohonan itu dan berniat hendak berbuat demikian secara tetap; dan
(b) bahawa dia berkelakuan baik.
(2) Tertakluk kepada Perkara 18, apabila permohonan dibuat kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan oleh ibu atau bapa atau penjaga mana-mana orang yang di bawah umur dua puluh satu tahun, maka Kerajaan Persekutuan boleh menyebabkan orang itu didaftarkan sebagai warganegara jika sekurang-kurangnya salah seorang daripada ibu bapanya sekarang (atau pada masa kematiannya) seorang warganegara.
(3) Tertakluk kepada Perkara 18, apabila permohonan dibuat kepada Kerajaan Persekutuan oleh ibu atau bapa atau penjaga seseorang yang di bawah umur dua puluh satu tahun, maka orang itu berhak didaftarkan sebagai warganegara jika dia dilahirkan sebelum permulaan bulan Oktober 1962 dan bapanya sekarang (atau pada masa kematiannya) seorang warganegara dan juga seorang warganegara pada permulaan bulan itu (jika hidup pada masa itu), dan jika Kerajaan Persekutuan berpuas hati bahawa orang itu biasanya bermastautin di Persekutuan dan berkelakuan baik.
(4) Bagi maksud Fasal (1), kemastautinan sebelum Hari Malaysia di wilayah-wilayah yang termasuk di dalam Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak hendaklah dikira sebagai kemastautinan di Persekutuan.
(5) Sebutan dalam Fasal (1) mengenai perempuan bersuami ialah sebutan mengenai perempuan yang perkahwinannya telah didaftarkan mengikut mana-mana undang-undang bertulis yang berkuat kuasa di Persekutuan, termasuklah mana-mana undang-undang sedemikian yang berkuat kuasa sebelum Hari Merdeka, atau mengikut mana-mana undang-undang bertulis yang berkuat kuasa sebelum Hari Malaysia di wilayah-wilayah yang termasuk di dalam Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak:
Dengan syarat bahawa Fasal ini tidaklah terpakai jika perempuan itu memohon supaya didaftarkan sebagai warganegara sebelum permulaan bulan September 1965, atau apa-apa tarikh kemudiannya sebagaimana yang ditetapkan melalui perintah oleh Yang di-Pertuan Agong, dan jika pada tarikh permohonan itu dia biasanya bermastautin di Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak. (Perkara 15)
Citizenship and Nationality
Solomon Islands
- English(1) (a) Every person who is immediately before Independence Day an indigenous Solomon Islander shall become a citizen of Solomon Islands on Independence Day.
(b) Every person who was born in Solomon Islands before Independence Day and who has or had two grandparents who are or were members of a group, tribe or line indigenous to Papua New Guinea or the New Hebrides shall become a citizen of Solomon Islands on Independence Day.
(2) Every person who before Independence Day has made, or been included in, an application to the Government for citizenship of Solomon Islands containing the information specified in subsection (4) of this section and who at the time of making such application possessed any of the qualifications specified in subsection (3) of this section shall become a citizen of Solomon Islands on Independence Day.
(3) The qualifications referred to in subsection (2) of this section and subsection (1) of the next following section are that the person concerned, not being an indigenous Solomon Islander, is -
(a) a woman married to an indigenous Solomon Islander; or
(b) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person who was born in Solomon Islands; or
(c) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person having acquired such status under the British Nationality Acts 1948 to 1965(a) by virtue of his having been naturalised or registered under those Acts, or naturalised as a British subject before 1949, by the Governor of the former protectorate of the Solomon Islands; or
(d) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person whose father possesses, or at his death possessed, one of the qualifications specified in paragraph (b) or (c) or (d) of this subsection; or
(e) a woman who has been married to a person who possesses, or at his death possesses, one of the qualifications specified in paragraph (b), (c) or (d) of this section; or(f) a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies or a British protected person who was deemed to belong to Solomon Islands because such person -
(i) has lawfully resided in Solomon Islands for any period of seven years during which he has not been absent therefrom for a period or periods amounting in all to more than eighteen months and since the completion of such period of residence has not been ordinarily resident continuously for a period of two years or more in any other territory within the Commonwealth in circumstances in which he has acquired or retained a right of residence in that territory; or
(ii) is the wife of a person to whom the foregoing subparagraph applies not living apart from such person under a decree of a court or a deed of separation; or
(iii) is the Child, step-child or child adopted in a manner recognised by law under the age of eighteen years of a person to whom either of the foregoing subparagraphs applies.
(4) The information required to be contained in an application for the purposes of this section and the next following section is as follows -
(a) the name, date and place of birth (so far as is known) of the applicant, of any other person included in the application or of a minor on whose behalf the application is made, together with, where applicable, the date of naturalisation or registration;
(b) a statement by the applicant whether or not he is including in his application his wife and minor children, if any, and in the case of an application including a wife, a statement by her that she consents to her inclusion in the application;
(c) if the applicant is applying on grounds that his father was born, naturalised or registration in Solomon Islands, also the father's name, place and date of birth (so far as is known) and, if relevant, the date of the father's naturalisation or registration;
(d) if the application is made by or on behalf of a woman on grounds of marriage to a man who, or whose father, was born, naturalised or registered in Solomon Islands, also the name, place and date of birth (so far as is known) and, if relevant, the date of naturalisation or registration of the man and, if necessary, his father;
(e) a statement by the applicant that, if he is resident in Solomon Islands at the time of making application, he intends to continue such residence, or that, if he is not so resident at that time, he regards Solomon Islands as his home country;
(f) a declaration by the applicant of his allegiance to Solomon Islands and his respect for the culture, the language and the way of life of Solomon Islands; and
(g) a statement by the applicant that he intends to renounce any other nationality that he may hold at the time of making application.
... (Sec. 20)
Education
Brazil
- EnglishThe Union, States, Federal District and Counties shall collaborate in organizing their educational systems.
§1°. The Union shall organize the federal education system and that of the Territories, shall finance the institutions of federal public education, and shall exercise a redistributive and supplementary function in educational matters, so as to guarantee equalization of educational opportunities and a minimum standard of educational quality through technical and financial assistance to the States, Federal District, and Counties.
§2°. The Counties shall act on a priority basis in elementary and pre-elementary education.
§3°. The States and Federal District shall act on a priority basis in elementary and secondary education.
§4°. In the organization of their educational systems, the Union, States, Federal District, and Counties shall define forms of collaboration, in order to assure the universality of compulsory education.
§5°. Elementary public education shall give priority to regular teaching. (Art. 211) - PortugueseA União, os Estados, o Distrito Federal e os Municípios organizarão em regime de colaboração seus sistemas de ensino.
§ 1º A União organizará o sistema federal de ensino e o dos Territórios, financiará as instituições de ensino públicas federais e exercerá, em matéria educacional, função redistributiva e supletiva, de forma a garantir equalização de oportunidades educacionais e padrão mínimo de qualidade do ensino mediante assistência técnica e financeira aos Estados, ao Distrito Federal e aos Municípios;
§ 2º Os Municípios atuarão prioritariamente no ensino fundamental e na educação infantil.
§ 3º Os Estados e o Distrito Federal atuarão prioritariamente no ensino fundamental e médio.
§ 4º Na organização de seus sistemas de ensino, a União, os Estados, o Distrito Federal e os Municípios definirão formas de colaboração, de modo a assegurar a universalização do ensino obrigatório.
§ 5º A educação básica pública atenderá prioritariamente ao ensino regular. (Art. 211)
Education
Mexico
- EnglishEvery person has the right to education. The State—Federation, States, City of Mexico and Municipalities—will impart and will guarantee initial, preschool, primary, secondary, media superior [high school] and superior education. Initial, preschool, primary and secondary education, compose basic education; this and the media superior [high school [education]] will be obligatory, superior education will be [obligatory] in the terms of Fraction X of this Article. Initial education is a right of childhood and it will be the responsibility of the State to raise awareness [concientizar] of its importance.
The rectorship [rectoría] of education corresponds to the State, that imparted by it, in addition to [that] obligatory, will be universal, inclusive, public, gratuitous and secular.
...
Education will be based on the unrestricted respect for the dignity of persons, with a focus on human rights and substantive equality. It will tend to develop harmoniously all the faculties of the human being and will promote in him, at the same time, love for the Fatherland, respect for all rights, [and] freedoms, the culture of peace and the conscience of international solidarity, in independence and in justice; it will promote honesty, the values and the continuous improvement of the teaching-learning process.
...
The educational establishments constitute a fundamental space for the teaching learning process. The State will guarantee that the didactic materials, the educational infrastructure, its maintenance and the conditions of the [educational] environment, are suitable and contribute to the goals of education.
In order to fulfill that provided for in Fraction II of this Article, the Federal Executive will determine the guiding principles and objectives of initial education, as well as the plans and programs of study of basic and teacher training education throughout the Republic; to this effect, it will consider the opinion of the governments of the federative entities and of various social actors involved in education, as well as the content of the educational projects and programs which contemplate the regional and local realities and contexts.
The plans and programs of study will have a perspective of gender and a complete orientation, which is why knowledge of the sciences and humanities will be included: … the sexual and reproductive education …
I. As the freedom of religious beliefs is guaranteed by Article 24, said education will be secular and, for that reason, will be maintained completely separate from any religious doctrine;
II. The criteria which orient this education shall be based on the results of scientific progress, shall combat against ignorance and its effects, servitudes, fanaticism and prejudices.
Additionally:
...
c) It shall contribute to a better human coexistence, to the end of strengthening the appreciation and respect for the nature, cultural diversity, the dignity of the person, the integrity of the family, the conviction of the general interest of society, the ideals of fraternity and equality of rights of all, avoiding the privileges of race, of religion, of groups, of sex or of individuals; and
...
e) It will be equitable, for which the State shall implement measures that favor the full exercise of the right to education of persons and [that] combat socioeconomic, regional and gender inequalities in the access, transition [tránsito] and permanence in educational services.
In the schools of basic education of high marginalization, actions that improve the living conditions of the students shall be promoted, with emphasis on those of alimentary character. In the same way, students in social vulnerability shall be supported [se respaldará] through the establishment of inclusive and transversal policies.
In education for adult persons, strategies to assure their right to enter the educational institutions in their different types and modalities shall be applied.
In the indigenous towns and communities multilingual and intercultural education based on respect, promotion and preservation of the historical and cultural patrimony shall be imparted;
f) It will be inclusive, when taking into account the diverse capacities, circumstances and needs of the students. Based on the principle of accessibility[,] reasonable adjustments shall be realized and specific measures will be implemented with the objective of eliminating the barriers to learning and participation;
g) It will be intercultural, by promoting the harmonious coexistence between persons and communities for the respect and recognition of their differences and rights, within a framework of social inclusion;
h) It shall be complete, it shall educate for life, with the object of developing in persons cognitive, socio-emotional and physical capacities that permit them to achieve their well-being, and
i) It shall be of excellence, understood as the constant full improvement that promotes the maximum achievement of learning of the students, for the development of their critical thinking and the strengthening of the bonds between school and community;
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IV. All education imparted by the State will be gratuitous;
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VIII. The Congress of the Union, with the objective of unifying and coordinating education in all of the Republic, will adopt [expedirá] the necessary laws, intended to distribute the educational social function between the Federation, the federative entities and the Municipalities, to establish the economic supports corresponding to this public service and to specify the sanctions applicable to the functionaries who do not comply with[,] or have not complied with[,] the relevant provisions, as well as to all those who infringe them;
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X. The obligatory character [obligatoriedad] of superior education corresponds to the State. The federal and local authorities will establish policies to promote inclusion, permanence and continuity, in terms that the law specifies. In the same way, they will provide means of access to this type of education for the persons who fulfill the requirements provided by the public institutions. (Art. 3) - SpanishToda persona tiene derecho a la educación. El Estado Federación, Estados, Ciudad de México y Municipios- impartirá y garantizará la educación inicial, preescolar, primaria, secundaria, media superior y superior. La educación inicial, preescolar, primaria y secundaria, conforman la educación básica; ésta y la media superior serán obligatorias, la educación superior lo será en términos de la fracción X del presente artículo. La educación inicial es un derecho de la niñez y será responsabilidad del Estado concientizar sobre su importancia.
Corresponde al Estado la rectoría de la educación, la impartida por éste, además de obligatoria, será universal, inclusiva, pública, gratuita y laica.
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La educación se basará en el respeto irrestricto de la dignidad de las personas, con un enfoque de derechos humanos y de igualdad sustantiva. Tenderá a desarrollar armónicamente todas las facultades del ser humano y fomentará en él, a la vez, el amor a la Patria, el respeto a todos los derechos, las libertades, la cultura de paz y la conciencia de la solidaridad internacional, en la independencia y en la justicia; promoverá la honestidad, los valores y la mejora continua del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.
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Los planteles educativos constituyen un espacio fundamental para el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. El Estado garantizará que los materiales didácticos, la infraestructura educativa, su mantenimiento y las condiciones del entorno, sean idóneos y contribuyan a los fines de la educación.
A fin de dar cumplimiento a lo dispuesto en la fracción II de este artículo, el Ejecutivo Federal determinará los principios rectores y objetivos de la educación inicial, así como los planes y programas de estudio de la educación básica y normal en toda la República; para tal efecto, considerará la opinión de los gobiernos de las entidades federativas y de diversos actores sociales involucrados en la educación, así como el contenido de los proyectos y programas educativos que contemplen las realidades y contextos, regionales y locales.
Los planes y programas de estudio tendrán perspectiva de género y una orientación integral, por lo que se incluirá el conocimiento de las ciencias y humanidades: … la educación sexual y reproductiva …
I. Garantizada por el artículo 24 la libertad de creencias, dicha educación será laica y, por tanto, se mantendrá por completo ajena a cualquier doctrina religiosa;
II. El criterio que orientará a esa educación se basará en los resultados del progreso científico, luchará contra la ignorancia y sus efectos, las servidumbres, los fanatismos y los prejuicios.
Además:
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c) Contribuirá a la mejor convivencia humana, a fin de fortalecer el aprecio y respeto por la naturaleza, la diversidad cultural, la dignidad de la persona, la integridad de las familias, la convicción del interés general de la sociedad, los ideales de fraternidad e igualdad de derechos de todos, evitando los privilegios de razas, de religión, de grupos, de sexos o de individuos;
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e) Será equitativo, para lo cual el Estado implementará medidas que favorezcan el ejercicio pleno del derecho a la educación de las personas y combatan las desigualdades socioeconómicas, regionales y de género en el acceso, tránsito y permanencia en los servicios educativos.
En las escuelas de educación básica de alta marginación, se impulsarán acciones que mejoren las condiciones de vida de los educandos, con énfasis en las de carácter alimentario. Asimismo, se respaldará a estudiantes en vulnerabilidad social, mediante el establecimiento de políticas incluyentes y transversales.
En educación para personas adultas, se aplicarán estrategias que aseguren su derecho a ingresar a las instituciones educativas en sus distintos tipos y modalidades.
En los pueblos y comunidades indígenas se impartirá educación plurilingüe e intercultural basada en el respeto, promoción y preservación del patrimonio histórico y cultural;
f) Será inclusivo, al tomar en cuenta las diversas capacidades, circunstancias y necesidades de los educandos. Con base en el principio de accesibilidad se realizarán ajustes razonables y se implementarán medidas específicas con el objetivo de eliminar las barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación;
g) Será intercultural, al promover la convivencia armónica entre personas y comunidades para el respeto y reconocimiento de sus diferencias y derechos, en un marco de inclusión social;
h) Será integral, educará para la vida, con el objeto de desarrollar en las personas capacidades cognitivas, socioemocionales y físicas que les permitan alcanzar su bienestar, e
i) Será de excelencia, entendida como el mejoramiento integral constante que promueve el máximo logro de aprendizaje de los educandos, para el desarrollo de su pensamiento crítico y el fortalecimiento de los lazos entre escuela y comunidad;
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IV. Toda la educación que el Estado imparta será gratuita;
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VIII. El Congreso de la Unión, con el fin de unificar y coordinar la educación en toda la República, expedirá las leyes necesarias, destinadas a distribuir la función social educativa entre la Federación, las entidades federativas y los Municipios, a fijar las aportaciones económicas correspondientes a ese servicio público y a señalar las sanciones aplicables a los funcionarios que no cumplan o no hagan cumplir las disposiciones relativas, lo mismo que a todos aquellos que las infrinjan;
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X. La obligatoriedad de la educación superior corresponde al Estado. Las autoridades federal y locales establecerán políticas para fomentar la inclusión, permanencia y continuidad, en términos que la ley señale. Asimismo, proporcionarán medios de acceso a este tipo educativo para las personas que cumplan con los requisitos dispuestos por las instituciones públicas. (Art. 3)
Education
Brazil
- EnglishThe Union, States and Federal District shall have concurrent power to legislate on:
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IX. education, … teaching … (Art. 24) - PortugueseCompete à União, aos Estados e ao Distrito Federal legislar concorrentemente sobre:
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IX - educação … ensino, … (Art. 24)
Education
Brazil
- EnglishThe Union, States, Federal District and Counties, shall have joint powers to:
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V. furnish means of access to … education, … (Art. 23) - PortugueseÉ competência comum da União, dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios:
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V - proporcionar os meios de acesso … à educação, … (Art. 23)
Education
South Sudan
- EnglishThe exclusive executive and legislative powers of a state shall be as follows:
…
19. Pre-school, primary and secondary education;
… (Schedule (B), Powers of States)