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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Marriage and Family Life
Burundi
- EnglishEvery human person has the right to respect of their private life and of their family life, of their domicile and of their personal communications. (Art. 28)
- KirundiUmukenyezi wese, umugabo wese arafise uburenganzira bwo kwubahirizwa mukwigenga mu buzima bwiwe n’ubwo umuryango wiwe, mu rugo rwiwe no mu vyo ayaga n’abandi bimwega. (Ingingo ya 28)
- FrenchToute femme, tout homme a droit au respect de sa vie privée et de sa vie familiale, de son domicile et de ses communications personnelles. (Art. 28)
Marriage and Family Life
Cyprus
- English1. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution any matter relating to betrothal, marriage, nullity of marriage of members of the Greek-Orthodox Church or of a religious group to which the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 2 shall apply shall, on and after the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution, be governed by the law of the Greek-Orthodox Church or of the Church of such religious group, as the case may be. A Law shall provide for an attempt of reconciliation or of spiritual dissolution of marriage to be made before a Bishop.
2. A. Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of the Greek-Orthodox Church, shall be cognizable by family courts each of which is composed:
a) For a divorce trial, of three judges, one of which is a lawyer ecclesiastical officer appointed by the Greek Orthodox Church and presides over the Court and the other two of high professional and moral standard belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church are appointed by the Supreme Court among lawyers. If no ecclesiastical officer is appointed as above, the Supreme Court appoints the President of the Court as well.
b) For any other trial, or one judge as a law shall provide.
B. The divorce is maintainable only—
a) For the grounds, under the Charter of the Holy Church of Cyprus, as are in force at the date of Enactment by the House of Representatives, of the First Amendment of the Constitution Law of 1989, in so far as they are not inconsistent with the Constitution;
b) When the relations of the spouses have been so strongly shaken by a ground concerning the person of the defendant or of both spouses, which justifiably render continuation of the marital relation intolerable for the plaintiff; and
c) For any other ground that a law may provide after the views of the Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus are being heard.
3. Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of a religious group for which the provisions of the third paragraph of section 2 apply, shall be cognizable by a family court for which a law shall determine its establishment, composition and jurisdiction, mutatis mutandis to the above.
4. Law shall provide for appeal against decisions of the family courts, for the composition of those who shall adjudicate and decide on these appeals and for the jurisdiction and powers of these appellate courts. A law enacted in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph may provide that the appellate court may be composed of one or more judges of the Supreme Court, sitting alone or together with another judge or other judges belonging to the judicial service of the Republic as the law may provide.
5. Notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of this section, the free choice of a civil marriage is offered to the members of the Greek Community.
6. Nothing in paragraph 1 of this Article contained shall preclude the application of the provisions of paragraph 5 of Article 90 to the execution of any judgment or order of any such tribunal. (Art. 111) - Greek(1).-Τηρουμένων των διατάξεων του Συντάγματος παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις την ελληνικήν ορθόδοξον Εκκλησίαν ή εις θρησκευτικήν ομάδα, δι’ ήν ισχύουσιν αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, σχέσιν έχον προς τον αρραβώνα, τον γάμον, το κύρος του γάμου, διέπεται από της ημερομηνίας της ενάρξεως της ισχύος του Συντάγματος υπό του εκκλησιαστικού νόμου της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας ή υπό του εκκλησιαστικού νόμου εκάστης θρησκευτικής ομάδος, αναλόγως της περιπτώσεως.
Νόμος θέλει προβλέψει περί της ενώπιον Επισκόπου αποπείρας συνδιαλλαγής ή της πνευματικής λύσης του γάμου.
(2).-Α. Παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις την ελληνικήν ορθόδοξον Εκκλησίαν, σχέσιν έχον προς το διαζύγιον, τον χωρισμόν από κοίτης και τραπέζης ή την συνοίκησιν των συζύγων ή τας οικογενειακάς σχέσεις διαγιγνώσκεται υπό οικογενειακών δικαστηρίων έκαστον των οποίων σύγκειται:
(α) Εις την περί διαζυγίου δίκην εκ τριών δικαστών, ο είς των οποίων είναι αξιωματούχος κληρικός, νομομαθής διοριζόμενος υπό της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας και προεδρεύσει τούτου, οι δε έτεροι δύο επιλέγονται μεταξύ νομομαθών ανωτάτου επαγγελματικού και ηθικού επιπέδου ανηκόντων εις την υπό του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου. Εις ην περίπτωσιν το Ανώτατον Δικαστήριον διορίζει και τον Πρόεδρον του Δικαστηρίου.
(β) Εις πάσαν άλλην δίκην εξ' ενός δικαστού ως νόμος θέλει ορίσει.
Β. Το διαζύγιον χωρεί μόνον-
(α) Διά τους εις το Καταστατικόν της Αγιωτάτης Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου λόγους ως ούτοι ισχύουν κατά την ημερομηνίαν ψηφίσεως υπό της Βουλής των Αντιπροσώπων του περί της Πρώτης Τροποποιήσεως του Συντάγματος Νόμου του 1989, εφ' όσον ούτοι δεν αντίκεινται προς το Σύνταγμα·
(β) όταν αι μεταξύ των συζύγων σχέσεις έχουν κλονισθή τόσον ισχυρώς από λόγον ο οποίος αφορά το ώστε βασίμως η εξακολούθησις της εγγάμου σχέσεως να είναι αφόρητος διά τον ενάγοντα· και
(γ) δι' οιονδήποτε έτερον λόγον ως νόμος θέλει ορίσει, αφού ακουσθώσιν αι απόψεις της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου.
(3).- Παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις θρησκευτικήν ομάδα δι' ην ισχύουσιν αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, σχέσιν έχον προς το διαζύγιον, τον χωρισμόν από κοίτης και τραπέζης ή την συνοίκησιν των συζύγων ή τας οικογενειακάς σχέσεις διαγιγνώσκεται υπό οικογενειακού δικαστηρίου, περί της ιδρύσεως, της συνθέσεως και της δικαιοδοσίας του οποίου νόμος θέλει ορίσει, τηρουμένων των αναλογιών προς τα ανωτέρω.
(4).- Νόμος θέλει προβλέψει περί της εφέσεως κατά των αποφάσεων των οικογενειακών δικαστηρίων, περί της συνθέσεως των δικαζόντων και αποφασιζόντων επί των εφέσεων τούτων, εκ και περί της δικαιοδοσίας και της εξουσίας των δευτεροβάθμιων τούτων δικαστηρίων. Νόμος συμφώνως ταις διατάξεσι της παρούσης παραγράφου δύναται να ορίση ότι το δευτεροβάθμιον δικαστήριον δύναται να απαρτίζηται εξ' ενός ή πλειόνων δικαστών του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου, συνεδριαζόντων μόνων ή μετ' άλλου ή άλλων δικαστών της δικαστικής υπηρεσίας της Δημοκρατίας, ως ο νόμος θέλει ορίσει.
(5).- Ανεξαρτήτων των διατάξεων της πρώτης παραγράφου του παρόντος άρθρου εις τους ανήκοντας εις την Ελληνικήν Κοινότητα προσφέρεται η ελεύθερη επιλογή πολιτικού γάμου.
(6).-Ουδέν εκ των εν τη πρώτη παραγράφω του παρόντος άρθρου διαλαμβανομένων δύναται να παρεμποδίσει την εφαρμογήν των διατάξεων της πέμπτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 90 προκειμένης εκτελέσεως οιασδήποτε αποφάσεως ή διαταγής παντός εκκλησιαστικού δικαστηρίου. (Αρθρον 111) - Turkish1. Bu Anayasanın hükümleri saklı kalmak şartı ile, Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesi veya kendisine 2. Maddenin 3. fıkrası hükümleri uygulanan bir dini grup üyelerinin nişanlılık, evlenme, evliliğin iptaline dair herhangi bir konuya, bu Anayasanın yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte ve ondan sonra, durumuna göre, Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesinin veya söz konusu dini grubun Kilisesinin kanunu uygulanır. Evliliği dini açıdan bitirme veya barıştırma girişiminin bir Piskopos huzurunda gerçekleştirilmesini kanun temin eder.
2. A. Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesi üyelerinin boşanma, ayrılık veya evlilik haklarının iadesine ya da aile ilişkilerine dair herhangi bir konuya, her biri aşağıdakilerden müteşekkil aile mahkemeleri bakar:
a) Bir boşanma davası için, içlerinden biri Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesi tarafından atanan dini avukat görevlisi olan ve Mahkemeye başkanlık eden, Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesine ait yüksek uzmanlık ve ahlak standartlarına sahip diğer ikisi de avukatlar arasından yüksek Mahkeme tarafından atanan üç yargıç. Yukarıda belirtildiği gibi bir dini görevli atanmadıysa Yüksek Mahkeme, Mahkeme Başkanını da atar.
b) Diğer herhangi bir dava için, kanunun öngördüğü bir yargıç.
B. Boşanma ancak aşağıdaki durumlarda meşru olur:
a) Kutsal Kıbrıs Kilisesi Beyannamesi uyarınca, Anayasa ile tutarsız olmadıkları ölçüde, 1989 tarihli Anayasada yapılan Birinci Değişikliğe ilişkin Temsilciler Meclisinin Kararname tarihinde yürürlükte olan sebeplerle;
b) Eşlerin ilişkisi, davacı açısından evlilik ilişkisinin sürdürülmesini haklı olarak tahammül edilemez kılan, davalıyı veya her iki eşi de ilgilendiren bir sebeple temelinden sarsıldığında; ve
c) Kıbrıs Rum Ortodoks Kilisesinin görüşleri dinlendikten sonra bir kanunun ortaya koyabileceği başka herhangi bir sebeple.
3. 2. kısmın üçüncü fıkra hükümlerinin geçerli olduğu dini bir grubun üyelerinin boşanma, ayrılık veya evlilik haklarının iadesine ya da aile ilişkilerine dair herhangi bir konuya, kuruluşu, yapısı ve yargı yetkisi bir kanun tarafından belirlenecek olan ve yukarıdakinde gerekli değişiklikler yapılacak bir aile mahkemesi bakar.
4. Aile mahkemelerinin kararlarına karşı kanun yolları, söz konusu kanun yollarında karar verecek mahkemerin kuruluşu ve bu temyiz mahkemelerinin görev ve yetkileri kanunla belirlenir. Bu fıkranın hükümleri doğrultusunda konulan bir kanun, temyiz mahkemesinin, kanunların öngördüğü şekilde Cumhuriyetin yargı hizmetini gören başka bir yargıç veya yargıçlarla birlikte ya da tek başına duruşma yapan, Yüksek Mahkemenin bir veya daha fazla yargıcından müteşekkil olması için hükümler koyabilir.
5. Bu kısmın birinci fıkra hükümleri saklı kalmak kaydıyla, Rum Cemaati üyelerine medeni nikah için seçme hakkı sunulur.
6. Bu Maddenin 1. fıkrasında yer alan hiçbir şey, 90. Maddenin 5. fıkra hükümlerinin, böyle bir mahkemenin herhangi bir kararı veya emrinin icrasına uygulanmasını engellemez. (Madde 111)
Marriage and Family Life
Lesotho
- EnglishLesotho shall adopt policies designed to provide that—
a. protection and assistance is given to all children and young persons without any discrimination for reasons of parentage or other conditions;
… (Sec. 32)
Marriage and Family Life
Costa Rica
- EnglishMarriage is the essential basis of the family and rests on the equality of rights of the spouses. (Art. 52)
- SpanishEl matrimonio es la base esencial de la familia y descansa en la igualdad de derechos de los cónyuges. (Art. 52)
Marriage and Family Life
Hungary
- English…
(2) Parents shall have the right to choose the upbringing to be given to their children.
(3) Parents shall be obliged to take care of their minor children. This obligation shall include the provision of schooling for their children.
(4) Adult children shall be obliged to take care of their parents if they are in need. (Freedom and Responsibility, Art. XVI) - Hungarian...
(2) A szülõknekjoguk van megválasztani a gyermeküknek adandó nevelést.
(3) A szülõk kötelesek kiskorú gyermekükrõl gondoskodni. E kötelezettség magában foglalja gyermekük taníttatását.
(4) A nagykorú gyermekek kötelesek rászoruló szüleikrõl gondoskodni. (Szabadság és Felelősség, XVI. cikk)
Marriage and Family Life
Mauritania
- EnglishThe State and the society protect the family. (Art. 16)
- Arabicالدّولة والمجتمع يحميان الأسرة. (المادّة 16)
- FrenchL’État et la société protègent la famille. (Art. 16)
Marriage and Family Life
Indonesia
- English(1) Every person shall have the right to protection of his/herself, family, honour, dignity, and property, and shall have the right to feel secure against and receive protection from the threat of fear to do or not do something that is a human right.
… (Art. 28G) - Indonesian(1) Setiap orang berhak atas perlindungan diri pribadi, keluarga, kehormatan, martabat, dan harta benda yang di bawah kekuasaannya, serta berhak atas rasa aman dan perlindungan dari ancaman ketakutan untuk berbuat atau tidak berbuat sesuatu yang merupakan hak asasi.
… (Pasal 28G)
Marriage and Family Life
Dominican Republic
- EnglishAll persons have the right to an integral education that is of quality, permanent, equal in conditions and opportunities, and without more limitations than those derived from their aptitudes, vocation, and aspirations. Consequently:
…
2. The family is responsible for the education of its members and has the right to choose the type of education for its minor children
… (Art. 63) - SpanishToda persona tiene derecho a una educación integral, de calidad, permanente, en igualdad de condiciones y oportunidades, sin más limitaciones que las derivadas de sus aptitudes, vocación y aspiraciones. En consecuencia:
…
2) La familia es responsable de la educación de sus integrantes y tiene derecho a escoger el tipo de educación de sus hijos menores;
… (Art. 63)
Marriage and Family Life
Luxembourg
- EnglishCivil marriage must always precede the nuptial benediction. (Art. 21)
- FrenchLe mariage civil devra toujours précéder la bénédiction nuptiale. (Art. 21)
Marriage and Family Life
Honduras
- EnglishThe right of adoption is recognized for the persons united by matrimony or common law union.
It is prohibited to give up for adoption boys or girls to matrimonies or common law unions composed of persons of the same sex. The law will regulate this institution. (Art. 116) - SpanishSe reconoce el derecho de adopción a las personas unidas por el matrimonio o la unión de hecho.
Se prohíbe dar en adopción niños o niñas a matrimonios o uniones de hecho conformados por personas del mismo sexo. La Ley regulará esta institución. (Art. 116)