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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Colombia
- EnglishPrivate property and the other rights acquired in accordance with the civil laws are guaranteed, which may not be ignored or infringed by subsequent laws.
… (Art. 58) - SpanishSe garantizan la propiedad privada y los demás derechos adquiridos con arreglo a las leyes civiles, los cuales no pueden ser desconocidos ni vulnerados por leyes posteriores.
… (Art. 58)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Japan
- English...
(2) With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes. (Art. 24) - Japanese…
2 配偶者の選択、財産権、相続、住居の選定、離婚並びに婚姻及び家族に関するその他の事項に関しては、法律は、個人の尊厳と両性の本質的平等に立脚して、制定されなければならない。 (第24条)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Russian Federation
- English1. Citizens and their associations shall have the right to possess land as private property.
2. Possession, utilisation and disposal of land and other natural resources shall be exercised by the owners freely provided that this is not detrimental to the environment and does not violate the rights and lawful interests of other people.
3. The conditions and procedure for the use of land shall be determined by federal law. (Art. 36) - Russian1. Граждане и их объединения вправе иметь в частной собственности землю.
2. Владение, пользование и распоряжение землей и другими природными ресурсами осуществляются их собственниками свободно, если это не наносит ущерба окружающей среде и не нарушает прав и законных интересов иных лиц.
3. Условия и порядок пользования землей определяются на основе федерального закона. (Статья 36)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Guinea-Bissau
- EnglishThe State recognizes the right to inheritance, according to the law. (Art. 14)
- PortugueseO Estado reconhece o direito à herança, nos termos da lei. (Art. 14)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Ecuador
- EnglishThe following rights of persons are recognized and guaranteed:
…
26. The right to property in all of its forms, with social and environmental function and responsibility. The right to have access to property shall be enforced by the adoption of public policies, among other measures.
… (Art. 66) - SpanishSe reconoce y garantizará a las personas:
…
26. El derecho a la propiedad en todas sus formas, con función y responsabilidad social y ambiental. El derecho al acceso a la propiedad se hará efectivo con la adopción de políticas públicas, entre otras medidas.
… (Art. 66)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Malaysia
- English…
(2) Except as expressly authorized by this Constitution, there shall be no discrimination against citizens on the ground only of religion, race, descent, place of birth or gender in any law or in the appointment to any office or employment under a public authority or in the administration of any law relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of property or the establishing or carrying on of any trade, business, profession, vocation or employment.
… (Art. 8) - Malay…
(2) Kecuali sebagaimana yang dibenarkan dengan nyata oleh Perlembagaan ini tidak boleh ada diskriminasi terhadap warganegara semata-mata atas alasan agama, ras, keturunan, tempat lahir atau jantina dalam mana-mana undang-undang atau dalam pelantikan kepada apa-apa jawatan atau pekerjaan di bawah sesuatu pihak berkuasa awam atau dalam pentadbiran mana-mana undang-undang yang berhubungan dengan pemerolehan, pemegangan atau pelupusan harta atau berhubungan dengan penubuhan atau penjalanan apa-apa pertukangan, perniagaan, profesion, kerjaya atau pekerjaan.
… (Perkara 8)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Fiji
- English(1) The ownership of all iTaukei land shall remain with the customary owners of that land and iTaukei land shall not be permanently alienated, whether by sale, grant, transfer or exchange, except to the State in accordance with section 27.
(2) Any iTaukei land acquired by the State for a public purpose after the commencement of this Constitution under section 27 or under any written law shall revert to the customary owners if the land is no longer required by the State.
(3) The ownership of all Rotuman land shall remain with the customary owners of that land and Rotuman land shall not be permanently alienated, whether by sale, grant, transfer or exchange, except to the State in accordance with section 27.
(4) Any Rotuman land acquired by the State for a public purpose after the commencement of this Constitution under section 27 or under any written law shall revert to the customary owners if the land is no longer required by the State.
(5) The ownership of all Banaban land shall remain with the customary owners of that land and Banaban land shall not be permanently alienated, whether by sale, grant, transfer or exchange, except to the State in accordance with section 27.
(6) Any Banaban land acquired by the State for a public purpose after the commencement of this Constitution under section 27 or under any written law shall revert to the customary owners if the land is no longer required by the State. (Sec. 28) - iTaukei(1) Na qele ni iTaukei mera taukena tiko ga na itaukei ni qele, ena sega tale ga ni rawa ni volitaki, soli, tokitaki se veisautaki, vakavo ni tauri Vakamatanitu me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27.
(2) Ke dua na qele ni iTaukei e taura na Matanitu ena dua na inaki raraba ni oti na kena taurivaki na Yavunivakavulewa qo me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27 se ena dua na lawa tabaki, me na vakasukai tale vei ira na kena itaukei ke sa sega ni vakayagataka na qele na Matanitu.
(3) Na qele ni Rotuma mera taukena tiko ga na itaukei ni qele, ena sega tale ga ni rawa ni volitaki, soli, tokitaki se veisautaki, vakavo ni tauri Vakamatanitu me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27.
(4) Ke dua na qele ni Rotuma e taura na Matanitu ena dua na inaki raraba ni oti na kena taurivaki na Yavunivakavulewa qo me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27 se ena dua na lawa tabaki, me na vakasukai tale vei ira na kena itaukei ke sa sega ni vakayagataka na qele na Matanitu.
(5) Na qele ni Rabi mera taukena tiko ga na itaukei ni qele, ena sega tale ga ni rawa ni volitaki, soli, tokitaki se veisautaki, vakavo ni tauri Vakamatanitu me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27.
(6) Ke dua na qele ni Rabi e taura na Matanitu ena dua na inaki raraba ni oti na kena taurivaki na Yavunivakavulewa qo me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27 se ena dua na lawa tabaki, me na vakasukai tale vei ira na kena itaukei ke sa sega ni vakayagataka na qele na Matanitu. (Sec. 28)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Malaysia
- English…
4. Civil and criminal law and procedure and the administration of justice, including—
(a) constitution and organization of all courts other than Syariah Courts;
(b) jurisdiction and powers of all such courts;
(c) remuneration and other privileges of the judges and officers presiding over such courts;
(d) persons entitled to practise before such courts; (e) subject to paragraph (ii), the following:
(i) contract; partnership, agency and other special contracts; master and servant; inns and inn-keepers; actionable wrongs; property and its transfer and hypothecation, except land; bona vacantia; equity and trusts; marriage, divorce and legitimacy; married women’s property and status; interpretation of federal law; negotiable instruments; statutory declarations; arbitration; mercantile law; registration of businesses and business names; age of majority; infants and minors; adoption; succession, testate and intestate; probate and letters of administration; bankruptcy and insolvency; oaths and affirmations; limitation; reciprocal enforcement of judgments and orders; the law of evidence;
(ii) the matters mentioned in paragraph (i) do not include Islamic personal law relating to marriage, divorce, guardianship, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy, family law, gifts or succession, testate and intestate;
… (Ninth Schedule, Legislative Lists, List I—Federal List, [Articles 74, 77]) - Malay…
4. Undang-undang dan tatacara sivil dan jenayah dan pentadbiran keadilan, termasuk—
(a) Keanggotaan dan susunan semua mahkamah selain Mahkamah Syariah;
(b) Bidang kuasa dan kuasa semua mahkamah itu;
(c) Saraan dan keistemewaan lain hakim dan pegawai yang mengetuai mahkamah itu;
(d) Orang yang berhak menjalankan amalan di hadapan mahkamah itu;
(e) Tertakluk kepada perenggan (ii), perkara yang berikut:
(i) Kontrak; perkongsian, agensi dan kontrak khas yang lain; majikan dan perkhidmat; rumah inapan dan tuan rumah inapan; perbuatan salah boleh dakwa; harta dan pindah hakmiliknya serta hipotekasinya, kecuali tanah; bona vacantia; ekuiti dan amanah; perkahwinan, perceraian dan kesahtarafan; harta dan taraf perempuan bersuami; pentafsiran undang-undang persekutuan; surat cara boleh niaga; akuan berkanun; timbang tara; undang-undang persaudagaran; pendaftaran perniagaan dan nama perniagaan; umur dewasa; budak-budak dan orang belum dewasa; pengangkutan; pewarisan, berwasiat dan tidak berwasiat; probet dan surat kuasa mentadbir; kebankrapan dan ketidakmampuan bayar; sumpah dan ikrar; batasan; penguatkuasaan bersaling penghakiman dan perintah; undang-undang keterangan;
(ii) perkara yang disebut dalam perenggan (i) tidak termasuk undang-undang diri Islam yang berhubungan dengan perkahwinan, perceraian, penjagaan, nafkah, pengangkatan, kesahtarafan, undang-undang keluarga, alang atau pewarisan, berwasiat dan tidak berwasiat;
… (Jadual Kesembilan,Senarai Perundangan, Senarai I—Senarai Persekutuan, [Perkara 74, 77])
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Marshall Islands
- English…
(3) The jurisdiction of the Traditional Rights Court shall be limited to the determination of questions relating to titles or to land rights4 or to other legal interests depending wholly or partly on customary law5 and traditional practice in the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
… (Art. VI, Sec. 4)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Malawi
- EnglishThe State shall actively promote the welfare and development of the people of Malawi by progressively adopting and implementing policies and legislation aimed at achieving the following goals—
a. Gender Equality
To obtain gender equality through—
…
iii. the implementation of policies to address social issues such as domestic violence, security of the person, lack of maternity benefits, economic exploitation and rights to property.
… (Sec. 13)