SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) A right or fundamental freedom in the Bill of Rights shall not be limited except by law, and then only to the extent that the limitation is reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom, taking into account all relevant factors including—
(a) the nature of the right or fundamental freedom;
(b) the importance of the purpose of the limitation;
(c) the nature and extent of the limitation;
(d) the need to ensure that the enjoyment of rights and fundamental freedoms by any individual does not prejudice the rights and fundamental freedoms of others; and
(e) the relation between the limitation and its purpose and whether there are less restrictive means to achieve the purpose.
(2) Despite clause (1), a provision in legislation limiting a right or fundamental freedom—
(a) in the case of a provision enacted or amended on or after the effective date, is not valid unless the legislation specifically expresses the intention to limit that right or fundamental freedom, and the nature and extent of the limitation;
(b) shall not be construed as limiting the right or fundamental freedom unless the provision is clear and specific about the right or freedom to be limited and the nature and extent of the limitation; and
(c) shall not limit the right or fundamental freedom so far as to derogate from its core or essential content.
(3) The State or a person seeking to justify a particular limitation shall demonstrate to the court, tribunal or other authority that the requirements of this Article have been satisfied.
(4) The provisions of this Chapter on equality shall be qualified to the extent strictly necessary for the application of Muslim law before the Kadhis’ courts, to persons who profess the Muslim religion, in matters relating to personal status, marriage, divorce and inheritance.
… (Art. 24) - Swahili(1) Haki au uhuru wa msingi katika Sheria ya Haki za Binadamu haitakuwa na mpaka isipokuwa kwa sheria, na tena kwa kiwango ambacho mpaka huo una mantiki na unathibitika kwenye jamii ya uwazi na ya kidemokrasia kwa msingi wa utu wa binadamu, usawa na uhuru, kwa kuzingatia mambo yote muhimu ikiwa ni pamoja na—
(a) asili ya uhuru au haki ya msingi;
(b) umuhimu wa madhumuni ya mpaka huo;
(c) asili na kiwango cha mpaka huo;
(d) hitaji la kuhakikisha kuwa unufaikaji wa uhuru wa msingi na haki kwa mtu yeyote hauathiri uhuru wa msingi na haki ya watu wengine; na
(e) uhusiano kati ya mpaka na madhumuni yake na ikiwa kuna njia zenye ugumu kidogo za kufikia kusudi hilo.
(2) Licha ya ibara ya (1), kifungu katika sheria kinachozuia haki au uhuru wa msingi-
(a) ikiwa kuna sheria iliyotungwa au kufanyiwa marekebisho tarehe hiyo au baada ya tarehe ya utekelezaji, si halali isipokuwa sheria hiyo ielezee kwa umahususi kusudi la kuwekea mipaka haki hiyo au uhuru wa msingi na asili na kiwango cha mpaka huo;
(b) haitachukuliwa kuwa inaiwekea mpaka haki au uhuru wa msingi kama sheria hiyo haiko dhahiri na mahususi kuhusu uhuru wa msingi na haki ambayo itawekewa mipaka na asili na kiwango cha mpaka huo; na
(c) haitawekea mipaka haki au uhuru wa msingi hadi kufikia kiwango cha kupunguza kwenye maudhui yake ya msingi au muhimu.
(3) Serikali au mtu anayetafuta kuhalalisha mpaka fulani ataielezea mahakama, baraza au mamlaka nyingineyo kwamba matakwa ya Kifungu hiki yamekamilishwa.
(4) Sheria za Sura hii juu ya usawa zitahalalishwa kwa kiwango ambacho ni lazima kabisa kutumia sharia ya Kiislamu mbele ya mahakama za Kadhi, kwa watu ambao ni waumini wa dini ya Kiisilamu, katika maswala yanayohusu hadhi ya binafsi, ndoa, talaka na urithi.
… (Kifungu cha 24)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
…
The exercise of the actions of habeas corpus and of amparo is not suspended during the effectiveness [vigencia] of the regimes of exception to which Article 137 of the Constitution refers.
… (Art. 200) - Spanish
…
El ejercicio de las acciones de hábeas corpus y de amparo no se suspende durante la vigencia de los regímenes de excepción a que se refiere el artículo 137º de la Constitución.
… (Art. 200)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishGuaranteed human rights and freedoms may be limited only by the law, within the scope permitted by the Constitution and to such an extent which is necessary to meet the purpose for which the limitation is allowed, in an open and democratic society.
Limitations shall not be introduced for other purposes except for those for which they have been provided for. (Art. 24) - MontenegrinZajemčena ljudska prava i slobode mogu se ograničiti samo zakonom, u obimu koji dopušta Ustav u mjeri koja je neophodna da bi se u otvorenom i slobodnom demokratskom društvu zadovoljila svrha zbog koje je ograničenje dozvoljeno.
Ograničenja se ne smiju uvoditi u druge svrhe osim onih radi kojih su propisana. (Član 24)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishWhen the integrity of the National territory is threatened or [in case] that events are produced which obstruct the regular functioning of the constitutional institutions, the King can, after having consulted the Head of Government, the President of the Chamber of Representatives, the President of the Chamber of Councilors, as well as the President of the Constitutional Court, and addressing a message to the Nation, proclaim by Dahir the state of exception. By this act, the King is enabled [habilite] to take the measures that the defense of the territorial integrity imposes and to return, in the least time, to the normal functioning of the constitutional institutions.
The Parliament may not be dissolved during the exercise of exceptional powers.
The fundamental rights and freedoms provided by this Constitution remain guaranteed.
The state of exception is terminated in the same forms as its proclamation, once the conditions which have justified it do not exist. (Art. 59) - Arabicإذا كانت حوزة التّراب الوطني مهدّدة، أو وقع من الأحداث ما يعرقل السير العادي للمؤسّسات الدّستورية، أمكن للملك أن يُعلن حالة الاستثناء بظهير، بعد استشارة كل من رئيس الحكومة، ورئيس مجلس النواب، ورئيس مجلس المستشارين، ورئيس المحكمة الدستورية، وتوجيه خطاب إلى الأمّة. ويُخول الملك بذلك صلاحية اتخاذ الإجراءات التي يفرضها الدفاع عن الوحدة الترابية، ويقتضيها الرجوع، في أقرب الآجال، إلى السير العادي للمؤسسات الدستورية.
لا يحل البرلمان أثناء ممارسة السلطات الاستثنائية.
تبقى الحريات والحقوق الأساسية المنصوص عليها في هذا الدستور مضمونة.
تُرفع حالة الاستثناء بمجرد انتفاء الأسباب التي دعت إليها، وباتخاذ الإجراءات الشكلية المقررة لإعلانها. (الفصل 59)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) At a time of national disaster or during a state of national defence or public emergency threatening the life of the nation or the constitutional order, the President may by Proclamation in the Gazette declare that a state of emergency exists in Namibia or any part thereof.
…
(5) (a) During a state of emergency in terms of this Article or when a state of national defence prevails, the President shall have the power by Proclamation to make such regulations as in his or her opinion are necessary for the protection of national security, public safety and the maintenance of law and order.
(b) The powers of the President to make such regulations shall include the power to suspend the operation of any rule of the common law or statute or any fundamental right or freedom protected by this Constitution, for such period and subject to such conditions as are reasonably justifiable for the purpose of dealing with the situation which has given rise to the emergency: provided that nothing in this Sub-Article shall enable the President to act contrary to the provisions of Article 24 hereof.
… (Art. 26)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishEveryone has the right to be protected by the courts in the enjoyment and exercise of constitutional rights and guarantees, including even those inherent individual rights not expressly mentioned in this Constitution or in international instruments concerning human rights. …
The exercise of this right shall not be affected in any way by the declaration of a state of exception or restriction of constitutional guarantees. (Art. 27) - SpanishToda persona tiene derecho a ser amparada por los tribunales en el goce y ejercicio de los derechos y garantías constitucionales, aun de aquellos inherentes a la persona que no figuren expresamente en esta Constitución o en los instrumentos internacionales sobre derechos humanos. …
El ejercicio de este derecho no puede ser afectado, en modo alguno, por la declaración del estado de excepción o de la restricción de garantías constitucionales. (Art. 27)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English… Amending fundamental rights of the people shall be permitted only to improve them. … (Art. 149)
- Dari... تعدیل حقوق اساسی اتباع صرف به منظور بهبود حقوق آنان مجاز می باشد. ... (مادۀ ۱۴۹)
- Pashtoد اتباعو د اساسي حقوقو تعديل يوازي د هغوى د حقوقو د ښيگڼې په منظور جواز لري.... (۱۴۹ ماده)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
…
4. During a state of emergency or martial law, the President of Georgia shall have the right to restrict by decree the rights listed in Articles 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21 and 26 of the Constitution across the entire territory of Georgia or in any part of it. During a state of emergency or martial law, the President of Georgia shall have the right to suspend by decree Articles 13(2)-(6), 14(2), 15(2), 17(3), (5) and (6), 18(2), 19(3) of the Constitution across the entire territory of Georgia or in any part of it. The President of Georgia shall immediately submit the decree provided for by this paragraph to Parliament for approval. A decree on the restriction of a right shall enter into force upon its issuance, whereas a decree on the suspension of a norm shall enter into force upon approval by Parliament. A decree on the restriction of a right shall be approved in accordance with the procedure established by paragraph 3 of this article.
… (Art. 71) - Georgian
…
4. საგანგებო ან საომარი მდგომარეობის დროს საქართველოს პრეზიდენტს უფლება აქვს ქვეყანაში ან მის რომელიმე ნაწილში დეკრეტით შეზღუდოს კონსტიტუციის მე-13, მე-14, მე-15, მე-17, მე-18, მე-19, 21-ე და 26-ე მუხლებში ჩამოთვლილი უფლებები. საგანგებო ან საომარი მდგომარეობის დროს საქართველოს პრეზიდენტს უფლება აქვს ქვეყანაში ან მის რომელიმე ნაწილში დეკრეტით შეაჩეროს კონსტიტუციის მე-13 მუხლის მე-2−მე-6 პუნქტების, მე-14 მუხლის მე-2 პუნქტის, მე-15 მუხლის მე-2 პუნქტის, მე-17 მუხლის მე-3, მე-5 და მე-6 პუნქტების, მე-18 მუხლის მე-2 პუნქტის და მე-19 მუხლის მე-3 პუნქტის მოქმედება. საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი ამ პუნქტით გათვალისწინებულ დეკრეტს დაუყოვნებლივ წარუდგენს პარლამენტს დასამტკიცებლად. დეკრეტი უფლების შეზღუდვის შესახებ ძალაში შედის გამოცემისთანავე, ხოლო ნორმის შეჩერების შესახებ − პარლამენტის მიერ დამტკიცებისთანავე. დეკრეტი უფლების შეზღუდვის შესახებ მტკიცდება ამ მუხლის მე-3 პუნქტით დადგენილი წესით.
… (მუხლი 71)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishHuman dignity is inviolable and everyone shall be obliged to respect and protect it.
Everyone shall have the right to free development of his personality if this does not violate the rights of others guaranteed by the Constitution. (Art. 23) - Serbian CyrillicЉудско достојанство је неприкосновено и сви су дужни да га поштују и штите.
Свако има право на слободан развој личности, ако тиме не крши права других зајемчена Уставом. (Члан 23)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
...
(5) The declaration of a State of Emergency may give the executive special powers that are necessary to deal with the situation only.
(6) The powers granted under a State of Emergency shall not include powers to violate the rights under this Constitution, unless that violation is absolutely necessary for the purposes of dealing with the emergency situation.
… (Art. 131) - Somali
...
(5) Ku-dhawaaqista xaaladda degdegga ah waxaa ay laanta fulinta siin kartaa awoodo gaar ah oo loogu baahan yahay wax ka qabashada xaaladda oo keliya.
(6) Awoodaha lagu bixiyo xaaladda degdegga ah gudaheeda kuma jirayaan awoodo loogu xadgudbayo xuquuqaha ku jira dastuurkan, haddii xadgudubkaasi aanu gebi ahaanba lagamamaarmaan u ahayn ujeeddooyinka wax ka qabashada xaaladda degdegga ah.
… (Qodobka 131aad.)