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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Paraguay
- EnglishPrivate property, whose content and limits will be established by the law, attending to its economic and social function, in order to make it accessible to all[,] is guaranteed.
… (Art. 109) - SpanishSe garantiza la propiedad privada, cuyo contenido y límites serán establecidos por la ley, atendiendo a su función económica y social, a fin de hacerla accesible para todos.
… (Art. 109)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Tonga
- EnglishNo lease, sub-lease, transfer of a lease or of a sub-lease shall be granted—
(a) without the prior consent of Cabinet where the term is ninety-nine years, or less, or
(b) without the prior consent of Privy Council where the term is over ninety-nine years,
Provided that no consent shall be granted to a lease by a widow of the land of her deceased husband. (Clause 114) - Tongan‘E ‘ikai foaki ha lisi, toe lisi, fetongi ‘o ha lisi pe ‘o ha toe lisi —
(a) kae ‘oua kuo tomu‘a ma‘u ‘a e fakangofua ‘a e Kapineti ‘a ia ko e vaha‘a taimi lisi ‘oku ta‘u ‘e hivangofulumahiva pe si‘isi‘i ange ai, pe
(b) kae ‘oua kuo tomu‘a ma‘u ‘a e fakangofua ‘a e Fakataha Tokoni ‘a ia ko e vaha‘a taimi lisi ‘oku laka hake ‘i he ta‘u ‘e hivangofulumahiva;
Tuku kehe kuo pau he ‘ikai foaki ha fakangofua ki ha lisi ‘e ha uitou ki he kelekele ‘o hono husepaniti kuo pekia. (Kupu 114)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Sudan
- English(1) Every citizen shall have the right to acquisition and ownership by law.
… (Art. 60) - Arabic1. لكل مواطن الحق في الحيازة او التملك وفقاً للقانون... (الماده 61)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Singapore
- English...
(2) Except as expressly authorised by this Constitution, there shall be no discrimination against citizens of Singapore on the ground only of religion, race, descent or place of birth in any law or in the appointment to any office or employment under a public authority or in the administration of any law relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of property or the establishing or carrying on of any trade, business, profession, vocation or employment.
… (Art. 12)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Suriname
- English1. All who are within the territory of Suriname shall have an equal claim to protection of person and property.
… (Art. 8) - Dutch1. Allen die zich op het grondgebied van Suriname bevinden hebben gelijke aanspraak op bescherming van personen en goederen.
… (Art. 8)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Angola
- English1. Everyone shall be guaranteed the right to private property and to its transmission, under the terms of the Constitution and the law.
2. The state shall respect and protect the property and any other rights in rem of private individuals, corporate bodies and local communities,
… (Art. 37) - Portuguese1. A todos é garantido o direito à propriedade privada e à sua transmissão, nos termos da Constituição e da lei.
2. O Estado respeita e protege a propriedade e demais direitos reais das pessoas singulares, colectivas e das comunidades locais,
… (Art. 37)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Zambia
- EnglishThe institution of chieftaincy—
…
b. has capacity to hold property in trust for its subjects. (Art. 166)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Turkmenistan
- EnglishThe property shall be inviolable. Turkmenistan shall recognize the right to private ownership of the land, means of production, and other material and intellectual values. They may also belong to the associations of citizens and the state. The law shall establish the objects that shall be exclusive property of the state.
The state shall guarantee equal protection of all forms of ownership and create equal conditions for their development. … (Art. 12) - RussianСобственность неприкосновенна. Туркменистан признаёт право частной собственности на землю, средства производства, иные материальные и интеллектуальные ценности. Они могут принадлежать также объединениям граждан и государству. Законом устанавливаются объекты, являющиеся исключительной собственностью государства.
Государство гарантирует равную защиту всех форм собственности и создаёт равные условия для их развития. … (Статья 12) - TurkmenEýeçilik eldegrilmesizdir. Türkmenistan ýere, önümçilik serişdelerine, gaýry maddy we intellektual gymmatlyklara hususy eýeçilik hukugyny ykrar edýär. Şeýle hem olar raýatlaryň birleşiklerine we döwlete degişli bolup biler. Döwletiň aýratyn eýeçiligi bolup durýan obýektler kanun bilen bellenýär.
Döwlet eýeçiligiň ähli görnüşleriniň deň goragyny kepillendirýär we olaryň ösmegi üçin deň şertleri döredýär. … (12-njy madda)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Azerbaijan
- EnglishI. The property in the Republic of Azerbaijan is inviolable and protected by the State.
II. The property can have the form of State property, private property and municipal property.
… (Art. 13) - AzerbaijaniI. Azərbaycan Respublikasında mülkiyyət toxunulmazdır və dövlət tərəfindən müdafiə olunur.
II. Mülkiyyət dövlət mülkiyyəti, xüsusi mülkiyyət və bələdiyyə mülkiyyəti növündə ola bilər.
... (Maddə 13)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Cameroon
- English(1) Bills shall be passed by Parliament.
(2) The following shall be reserved to the legislative power:
…
(b) The status of persons and property Ownership system:
1. … status of person, matrimonial system, succession and gifts;
…
3. movable and immovable property ownership system;
…
(d) The following financial and patrimonial matters:
…
4. land tenure, State lands and mining;
… (Art. 26) - French(1) la loi est votée par le Parlement.
(2) Sont du domaine de la loi:
…
b- Le statut des personnes et le régime des biens:
1. … l’état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et libéralités;
…
3. le régime de la propriété mobilière et immobilière;
…
d- Les questions financières et patrimoniales suivantes:
…
4. Le régime domanial, foncier et minier;
… (Art. 26)