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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The Constitutional Court may be referred to [a matter] of a pleading of unconstitutionality on remand of the Supreme Court or of the Council of State, when one of the parties in the process sustains before a jurisdiction that the legislative or regulatory provision on which the outcome of the litigation depends infringes the rights and the freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution.
... (Art. 195) - Arabic
يمكن إخطار المحكمة الدستورية بالدفع بعدم الدستورية بناء على إحالة من المحكمة العليا أو مجلس الدولة، عندما يدعي أحد األطراف في المحاكمة أمام جهة قضائية أن الحكم التشريعي أو التنظيمي الذي يتوقف عليه مآل النزاع ينتهك حقوقه وحرياته التي يضمنها الدستور.
... (المــادة 195) - French
La Cour constitutionnelle peut être saisie d’une exception d’inconstitutionnalité sur renvoi de la Cour suprême ou du Conseil d’Etat, lorsque l’une des parties au procès soutient devant une juridiction que la disposition législative ou réglementaire dont dépend l’issue du litige porte atteinte à ses droits et libertés tels que garantis par la Constitution.
... (Art. 195)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English…
2. Questions of unconstitutionality may be raised officiously by the court, the Public Prosecutor or by either party.
3. Should the question of unconstitutionality be raised, the incident shall be filed separately with the Constitutional Court, which shall decide.
… (Art. 129) - Portuguese…
2. A questão da inconstitucionalidade pode ser levantada oficiosamente pelo tribunal, pelo Ministério Público ou por qualquer das partes.
3. Admitida a questão da inconstitucionalidade, o incidente sobe em separado para o Tribunal Constitucional, que decidirá.
… (Art. 129)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe following are powers of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice:
1. To exercise constitutional jurisdiction in accordance with title VIII3 of this Constitution.
…
The powers indicated under (1) shall be exercised by the Constitutional Division; … (Art. 266) - SpanishSon atribuciones del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia:
1. Ejercer la jurisdicción constitucional conforme al Título VIII de esta Constitución.
...
Las atribuciones señaladas en el numeral 1 serán ejercidas por la Sala Constitucional; … (Art. 266)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The Constitutional Court shall act on an initiative from not fewer than one-fifth of all Members of the National Assembly, the President, the Council of Ministers, the Supreme Court of Cassation, the Supreme Administrative Court or the Prosecutor General. A challenge to competence pursuant to para 1 item 3 of the preceding Article may further be filed by a municipal council.
(2) Should it find a discrepancy between law and the Constitution, the Supreme Court of Cassation or the Supreme Administrative Court shall suspend the proceedings on a case and shall refer the matter to the Constitutional Court.
(3) The Ombudsman may approach the Constitutional Court with a request for declaring as unconstitutional a law which infringes human rights and freedoms.
(4) The Supreme Judicial Council may approach the Constitutional Court with a petition to establish unconstitutionality of any law whereby any rights and freedoms of citizens are violated. (Art. 150) - Bulgarian(1) Конституционният съд действува по инициатива най-малко на една пета от народните представители, президента, Министерския съвет, Върховния касационен съд, Върховния административен съд и главния прокурор. Спорове за компетентност по т. 3 на ал. 1 от предходния член могат да се повдигат и от общинските съвети.
(2) Когато установят несъответствие между закона и Конституцията, Върховният касационен съд или Върховният административен съд спират производството по делото и внасят въпроса в Конституционния съд.
(3) Омбудсманът може да сезира Конституционния съд с искане за установяване на противоконституционност на закон, с който се нарушават права и свободи на гражданите.
(4) Висшият адвокатски съвет може да сезира Конституционния съд с искане за установяване на противоконституционност на закон, с който се нарушават права и свободи на гражданите. (Чл. 150)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The Constitutional Council is the institution competent in constitutional and electoral matters. It is charged to decide on the constitutionality of the laws, of the ordinances as well as the conformity of the international treaties and agreements with the Constitution.
It interprets the provisions of the Constitution. It controls the regularity, the transparency and the sincerity of the referendum, of the presidential elections, legislative [elections] and is the judge of electoral disputes.
It proclaims the definitive results of the referendum, [and] of the presidential and legislative elections.
... (Art. 152) - French
Le Conseil constitutionnel est l'institution compétente en matière constitutionnelle et électorale. Il est chargé de statuer sur la constitutionnalité des lois, des ordonnances ainsi que la conformité des traités et accords internationaux avec la Constitution.
Il interprète les dispositions de la Constitution. Il contrôle la régularité, la transparence et la sincérité du référendum, des élections présidentielles, législatives et est juge du contentieux électoral.
Il proclame les résultats définitifs des élections présidentielles, législatives et locales.
... (Art. 152)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English...
2) If a case is presented before a court and the case concerns a constitutional matter, the court may refer the case to the Constitutional Court.
(a) Any court with judicial powers can decide on whether a matter brought before it is a constitutional matter or not, if this will not contradict the exclusive powers of the Constitutional Court, as stipulated in Article 109C of the Constitution;
(b) The Constitutional Court is the final authority in constitutional matters;
(c) The Constitutional Court shall have sole jurisdiction on matters of interpretation of the Constitution which have not arisen out of court litigation;
(d) Any individual or group, or the government may submit a reference application directly to the Constitutional Court on matters concerning the public interest.
… (Art. 109) - Somali...
(2) Maxkamad haddii la horgeeyo dacwad oo ay sharci ahaan dacwadaas quseyso arin Dastuuri ah, maxkamadaasi waxay u celin kartaa dacwadaasi maxkamada Dastuuriga si ay uga gaarto go’aan:
(a) Maxkamad walba oo awood Garsoor lihi wey go’aamin kartaa in arrini la hor keenay ay tahay mid dastuuri ah iyo in kale, mar haddii aanay ka hor imanayn awoodaha gaarka aah ee Maxkamadda Dastuurka sida kuxusan Qodobka 109C ee Dastuurka.
(b) Maxkamadda Dastuurka ayaa ah garsooraha kama danbeysta ah ee arrimaha dastuurka;
(c) Maxkamadda Dastuurka keliya ayaa leh awoodda garsoor ee qeexidda arrimaha dastuurka ee aan ka iman kiisaska maxkamadeed;
(d) Shakhsi ama koox ama dawladdiba si toos ah ayeey ugu gudbin karaan maxkamadd Dastuurka codsi tixraac ah oo la xiriira arrimaha khuseeya danaha dadaweynaha.
… (Qodobka 109aad.)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The remedy of judicial review is and shall not be available in Brunei Darussalam.
(2) For the avoidance of doubt, there is and shall be no judicial review in any court of any act, decision, grant, revocation or suspension, or refusal or omission to do so, any exercise of or refusal or omission to exercise any power, authority or discretion by His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan, or any party acting on his behalf or under his authority or in the performance of any public function, under the provisions of this Constitution or any written law or otherwise, including any question relating to compliance with any procedural requirement governing such act or decision.
(3) In this Article, “judicial review” means proceedings instituted by any manner whatsoever including, but not limited to, proceedings by way of —
…
(d) any other suit or action relating to or arising out of any act, decision, grant, revocation or suspension, or refusal or omission to do so, any exercise of or refusal or omission to exercise any power, authority or discretion conferred on His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan, or any party acting on his behalf or under his authority or in the performance of any public function, under the provisions of this Constitution or any written law or otherwise.
(4) Save as provided in this Constitution, His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan shall not be required to assign any reason for any act, decision, grant, revocation or suspension, or refusal or omission to do so, any exercise of or refusal or omission to exercise any power, authority or discretion under the provisions of this Constitution or any written law or otherwise. (Sec. 84C) - Malay(1) Remedi bagi kajian semula kehakiman tiada dan tidak boleh didapati di Negara Brunei Darussalam.
(2) Bagi mengelakkan kewahaman, kajian semula kehakiman tiada dan tidak boleh diadakan di dalam mana-mana mahkamah mengenai apa-apa perbuatan, keputusan, pemberian, pembatalan atau penggantungan, atau keengganan atau peninggalan daripada berbuat demikian, sebarang perjalanan atau keengganan atau peninggalan daripada menjalankan sebarang kuasa, autoriti atau budibicara oleh Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan, atau mana-mana pihak yang bertindak bagi pihak Baginda atau dengan titah perkenan Baginda atau dalam melaksanakan sebarang tugas awam, di bawah peruntukan-peruntukan Perlembagaan ini atau sebarang undang-undang bertulis atau pun selainnya, termasuk apa jua perkara yang berhubung dengan pematuhan sebarang kehendak prosedur yang mengawal perbuatan atau keputusan tersebut.
(3) Dalam Perkara ini, “kajian semula kehakiman” bermakna perbicaraan yang dimulakan dengan apa jua cara pun termasuk, tetapi tidak terhad kepada, perbicaraan dengan cara —
…
(d) mana-mana guaman atau tindakan lain berhubung dengan atau berbangkit dari apa-apa perbuatan, keputusan, pemberian, pembatalan atau penggantungan, atau keengganan atau peninggalan daripada berbuat demikian, sebarang perjalanan atau keengganan atau peninggalan daripada menjalankan sebarang kuasa, autoriti atau budibicara yang diberikan kepada Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan, atau mana-mana pihak yang bertindak bagi pihak Baginda atau dengan titah perkenan Baginda atau dalam melaksanakan sebarang tugas awam, di bawah peruntukan-peruntukan Perlembagaan ini atau sebarang undang-undang bertulis atau pun selainnya.
(4) Kecuali sebagaimana yang diperuntukkan dalam Perlembagaan ini, Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan tidak boleh dikehendaki untuk memberi sebarang alasan kerana apa-apa perbuatan, keputusan, pemberian, pembatalan atau penggantungan,atau keengganan atau peninggalan daripada berbuat demikian, sebarang perjalanan atau keengganan atau peninggalan daripada menjalankan sebarang kuasa, autoriti atau budibicara di bawah peruntukan-peruntukan Perlembagaan ini atau sebarang undang-undang bertulis atau pun selainnya. (Sec. 84C)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishIf, during proceedings in progress before a court of law, it is claimed that a legislative provision infringes the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, the matter may be referred by the Conseil d’État or by the Cour de Cassation to the Constitutional Council which shall rule within a determined period.
… (1958 Constitution, Art. 61-1) - FrenchLorsque, à l'occasion d'une instance en cours devant une juridiction, il est soutenu qu'une disposition législative porte atteinte aux droits et libertés que la Constitution garantit, le Conseil constitutionnel peut être saisi de cette question sur renvoi du Conseil d'État ou de la Cour de cassation qui se prononce dans un délai déterminé.
… (Constitution 1958, Art. 61-1)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Public Prosecutor’s Office and persons who, in conformity with the law regulating the constitutionality review process, have legitimacy to file an appeal, shall have the right to appeal with the Constitutional Court.
2. The appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph may only be filed after resort to other appeals provided for in the law of the proceedings in which the judgment was handed down have been exhausted, and the appeal shall be limited to the question of unconstitutionality or illegality, as the case may be.
3. The appeal filed against the decisions referred to in subparagraph c) of paragraph 1 and in the first part of subparagraph a) of paragraph 2 of the preceding article shall be mandatorily filed with the Public Prosecutor’s Office. (Art. 282) - Portuguese1. Podem recorrer para o Tribunal Constitucional, o Ministério Público e as pessoas que, de acordo com a lei reguladora do processo de fiscalização da constitucionalidade, tenham legitimidade para interpor recurso.
2. O recurso referido no artigo anterior só pode ser interposto depois de esgotadas as vias de recurso estabelecidos na lei do processo em que foi proferida a decisão e é restrito à questão da inconstitucionalidade ou da ilegalidade, conforme o caso.
3. O recurso das decisões previstas na alínea c) do número 1 e da primeira parte da alínea a) do nº 2 do artigo antecedente é obrigatório para o Ministério Público. (Art. 282)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is the jurisdiction given the charge of seeing to respect for the provisions of the Constitution.
The Constitutional Court judges the regularity of the referendum consultations, [and] of the presidential, legislative and senatorial elections. It decides on the challenges to these consultations and elections.
It is the judge of the constitutionality of the laws.
The laws may, before their promulgation, be deferred to the Constitutional Court by the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, the President of the National Assembly, the President of the Senate, the President of High Authority of Audiovisuals and of Communications [Haute Autorité de l'Audiovisuel et de la Communication], the President of the Economic and Social Council, the President of the National Commission of the Rights of Man, the President of the Superior Council of the Magistrature, the Mediator of the Republic, the presidents of the parliamentary groups or one-fifth (1/5) of the members of the National Assembly or of the Senate.
To the same ends, the organic laws, before their promulgation, the internal regulations of the National Assembly and of the Senate, those of the High Authority of Audiovisuals and of Communications, [those] of the Economic and Social Council [those] of the National Commission of the Rights of Man, [and those] of the Superior Council of the Magistrature must be submitted to it before their application.
The Constitutional Court may be referred to [the matter] of a demand for [its] opinion on the meaning of the constitutional provisions by the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, the President of the National Assembly, the President of the Senate, the President of High Authority of Audiovisuals and of Communications, the President of the Economic and Social Council, the President of the National Commission of the Rights of Man, the President of the Superior Council of the Magistrature, the Mediator of the Republic and the presidents of the parliamentary groups.
An organic law determines the other authorities and juridical [morale] persons who can refer the Constitutional Court [to matters], in matters of protection of fundamental rights.
In the course of a judicial instance, any physical or juridical person may, in limine litis, before the courts and tribunals, raise the pleadings [exception] of the unconstitutionality of a law. In this case, the jurisdiction suspends its decision and refers [the matter] to the constitutional court. … (Art. 104) - FrenchLa Cour constitutionnelle est la juridiction chargée de veiller au respect des dispositions de la Constitution.
La Cour constitutionnelle juge de la régularité des consultations référendaires, des élections présidentielles, législatives et sénatoriales. Elle statue sur le contentieux de ces consultations et élections.
Elle est juge de la constitutionnalité des lois.
Les lois peuvent, avant leur promulgation, lui être déférées par le Président de la République, le Premier ministre, le Président de l’Assemblée nationale, le Président du Sénat, le Président de la Haute Autorité de l’Audiovisuel et de la Communication, le Président du Conseil économique et social, le Président de la Commission nationale des droits de l’Homme, le Président du Conseil Supérieur de la magistrature, le Médiateur de la République, les présidents des groupes parlementaires ou un cinquième (1/5eme) des membres de l’Assemblée nationale ou du Sénat.
Aux mêmes fins, les lois organiques, avant leur promulgation, les règlements intérieurs de l’Assemblée nationale et du Sénat, ceux de la Haute Autorité de l’audiovisuel et de la communication, du Conseil économique et social, de la Commission nationale des droits de l’homme et du Conseil supérieur de la magistrature, avant leur application, doivent lui être soumis.
La Cour constitutionnelle peut être saisie d’une demande d’avis sur le sens des dispositions constitutionnelles par le Président de la République, le Premier ministre, le Président de l’Assemblée nationale, le Président du Sénat, le Président de la Haute Autorité de l’Audiovisuel et de la Communication, le Président du Conseil économique et social, le Président de la Commission Nationale des Droits de l’Homme, le Président du Conseil supérieur de la magistrature, le Médiateur de la République et les présidents des groupes parlementaires.
Une loi organique détermine les autres autorités et les personnes morales qui peuvent saisir la Cour constitutionnelle, en matière de protection des droits fondamentaux.
Au cours d’une instance judiciaire, toute personne physique ou morale peut, in limine litis, devant les cours et tribunaux, soulever l’exception d’inconstitutionnalité d’une loi. Dans ce cas, la juridiction sursoit à statuer et saisit la Cour constitutionnelle. ... (Art. 104)