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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(19) Ownership shall mean the right guaranteed to every person by law to use, enjoy and dispose of property.
… (Preamble) - French…
(19) La propriété est le droit d’user, de jouir et de disposer des biens garantis à chacun par la loi.
… (Préambule)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
The individual who, not being the owner of rural or urban property, holds as his own, for five uninterrupted years, without opposition, an area of land in the rural zone, not exceeding fifty hectares, making it productive with his labour or that of his family, and having his dwelling thereon, shall acquire ownership of the land.
… (Art. 191) - Portuguese
Aquele que, não sendo proprietário de imóvel rural ou urbano, possua como seu, por cinco anos ininterruptos, sem oposição, área de terra, em zona rural, não superior a cinqüenta hectares, tornando-a produtiva por seu trabalho ou de sua família, tendo nela sua moradia, adquirir-lhe-á a propriedade.
… (Art. 191)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishProperty may be state-owned or private.
The State shall grant equal rights to all to conduct economic and other activities, except for those prohibited by law, and guarantee equal protection and equal conditions for the development of all forms of ownership.
… (Art. 13) - BelarusianУласнасць можа быць дзяржаўнай і прыватнай.
Дзяржава надае ўсім роўныя правы для ажыццяўлення гаспадарчай і іншай дзейнасці, акрамя забароненай законам, і гарантуе роўную абарону і роўныя ўмовы для развіцця ўсіх форм уласнасці.
… (Артыкул 13) - RussianСобственность может быть государственной и частной.
Государство предоставляет всем равные права для осуществления хозяйственной и иной деятельности, кроме запрещенной законом, и гарантирует равную защиту и равные условия для развития всех форм собственности.
... (Статья 13)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishPrivate property is sacred.
The State guarantees the right to individual or collective property, acquired in conformity to the law or to custom.
… (Art. 34) - FrenchLa propriété privée est sacrée.
L’Etat garantit le droit à la propriété individuelle ou collective acquis conformément à la loi ou à la coutume.
… (Art. 34)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(2) A person shall not be discriminated against on grounds of gender, race, colour, ethnic origin, religion, creed or social or economic status.
(3) For the purposes of this article, “discriminate” means to give different treatment to different persons attributable only or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, gender, occupation, religion or creed, whereby persons of one description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another description are not made subject or are granted privileges or advantages which are not granted to persons of another description.
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from enacting laws that are reasonably necessary to provide—
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(b) for matters relating to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
… (Art. 17)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe right to property is guaranteed. … (Art. 13)
- FrenchLe droit de propriété est garanti. … (Art. 13)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishIndigenous communes, communities, peoples and nations are recognized and guaranteed, in conformity with the Constitution and human rights agreements, conventions, declarations and other international instruments, the following collective rights:
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4. To keep ownership, without subject to a statute of limitations, of their community lands, which shall be unalienable, immune from seizure and indivisible. These lands shall be exempt from paying fees or taxes.
5. To keep ownership of ancestral lands and territories and to obtain free awarding of these lands.
6. To participate in the use, usufruct, administration and conservation of natural renewable resources located on their lands.
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The territories of the peoples living in voluntary isolation are an irreducible and intangible ancestral possession and all forms of extractive activities shall be forbidden there. The State shall adopt measures to guarantee their lives, enforce respect for self-determination and the will to remain in isolation and to ensure observance of their rights. The violation of these rights shall constitute a crime of ethnocide, which shall be classified as such by law.
The State shall guarantee the enforcement of these collective rights without any discrimination, in conditions of equality and equity between men and women. (Art. 57) - SpanishSe reconoce y garantizará a las comunas, comunidades, pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas, de conformidad con la Constitución y con los pactos, convenios, declaraciones y demás instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos, los siguientes derechos colectivos:
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4. Conservar la propiedad imprescriptible de sus tierras comunitarias, que serán inalienables, inembargables e indivisibles. Estas tierras estarán exentas del pago de tasas e impuestos.
5. Mantener la posesión de las tierras y territorios ancestrales y obtener su adjudicación gratuita.
6. Participar en el uso, usufructo, administración y conservación de los recursos naturales renovables que se hallen en sus tierras.
…
Los territorios de los pueblos en aislamiento voluntario son de posesión ancestral irreductible e intangible, y en ellos estará vedada todo tipo de actividad extractiva. El Estado adoptará medidas para garantizar sus vidas, hacer respetar su autodeterminación y voluntad de permanecer en aislamiento, y precautelar la observancia de sus derechos. La violación de estos derechos constituirá delito de etnocidio, que será tipificado por la ley.
El Estado garantizará la aplicación de estos derechos colectivos sin discriminación alguna, en condiciones de igualdad y equidad entre mujeres y hombres. (Art. 57)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
…
Private property shall be recognised and protected by the law, which shall determine how it can be acquired, enjoyed and restrained so as to ensure its social function and render it accessible to all.
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The law shall regulate and limit testate and intestate succession rights and the rights of the State in matters of inheritance. (Art. 42) - Italian
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La proprietà privata è riconosciuta e garantita dalla legge, che ne determina i modi di acquisto, di godimento e i limiti allo scopo di assicurarne la funzione sociale e di renderla accessibile a tutti.
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La legge stabilisce le norme ed i limiti della successione legittima e testamentaria e i diritti dello Stato sulle eredità. (Art. 42)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- Englisha. All persons are born equally free and independent and have certain natural, inherent and inalienable rights, among which are the right of enjoying and defending life and liberty, of pursuing and maintaining and security of the person and of acquiring, possessing and protecting property, subject to such qualifications as provided for in this Constitution.
… (Art. 11)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe following are the fundamental obligations of the State:
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j. To actively promote programs of rural development which tend to increase and diversify the national production based on the principle of private property and of the protection of family patrimony.
… (Art. 119) - SpanishSon obligaciones fundamentales del Estado:
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j) Impulsar activamente programas de desarrollo rural que tiendan a incrementar y diversificar la producción nacional con base en el principio de la propiedad privada y de la protección al patrimonio familiar.
… (Art. 119)