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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Participation in Public Life and Institutions
Norway
- EnglishTo senior official posts in the State may be appointed only Norwegian citizens, men or women, who speak the language of the country, and who:
a) either were born in the realm of parents who were then Norwegian subjects
b) or were born in a foreign country of Norwegian parents who were not at that time subjects of another State
c) or hereafter have resided for ten years in the realm
d) or have been naturalised by the Storting.
Others may, however, be appointed as teachers at universities and institutions of higher learning, as medical practitioners and as consuls in places abroad. (Art. 114) - NorwegianTil embeter i staten må utnevnes bare de norske borgere, menn eller kvinner, som taler landets språk, samt
a) enten er født i riket av foreldre som på det tidspunkt var norske statsborgere
b) eller er født i utlandet av norske foreldre som på den tid ikke var statsborgere i noe annet land
c) eller heretter oppholder seg i riket i ti år
d) eller blir naturalisert av Stortinget.
Dog kan andre beskikkes til lærere ved Universitetet og de lærde skoler, til leger og til konsuler på fremmede steder. (§ 114)
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
Somalia
- English…
(5) Women must be included in all national institutions, in an effective way, in particular all elected and appointed positions across the three branches of government and in national independent commissions. (Art. 3) - Somali…
(5) Haweenku waa in ay ka mid noqdaan dhammaan hay’adaha guud ee qaranka, si wax-ku-ool ah, gaar ahaan jagooyinka la isu doorto iyo kuwa la isu magacaabo ee saddexda laamood ee Dawladda iyo Guddiyada Madaxbannaan ee Qaranka. (Qodobka 3aad.)
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
Bahrain
- English…
b. The State guarantees reconciling the duties of women towards the family with their work in society, and their equality with men in political, social, cultural, and economic spheres without breaching the provisions of Islamic canon law (Shari’a).
… (Art. 5) - Arabic…
ب - تكفل الدولة التوفيق بين واجبات المرأة نحو الأسرة وعملها في المجتمع، ومساواتها بالرجال في ميادين الحياة السياسية والاجتماعية والثـقافية والاقـتصادية دون إخلال بأحكام الشريعة الإسلامية.
(المادّة 5) …
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
Slovenia
- EnglishEmployment in the state administration is possible only on the basis of open competition, except in cases provided by law. (Art. 122)
- SloveneZaposlitev v upravnih službah je mogoča samo na temelju javnega natečaja, razen v primerih, ki jih določa zakon. (122. Člen)
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
South Sudan
- English1. The National Government shall establish independent institutions and commissions as provided for by this Constitution. Such institutions and commissions shall perform their functions and duties impartially and without interference from any person or authority.
2. The National Government may establish other institutions and commissions compatible with its powers as it deems necessary to promote the welfare of its people, good governance and justice.
3. The National Government shall ensure that at least twenty-five percent of the membership of each of these institutions and commissions shall be women. (Art. 142)
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
India
- English(1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory prior to such employment or appointment.
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.
…
(6) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clause (4), in addition to the existing reservation and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the posts in each category. (Art. 16) - Hindi(1) राज्य के अधीन किसी पद पर नियोजन या नियुक्ति से संबंधित विषयों में सभी नागरिकों के लिए अवसर की समता होगी।
(2) राज्य के अधीन किसी नियोजन या पद के संबंध में केवल धर्म, मूलवंश, जाति, लिंग, उद्भव, जन्मस्थान, निवास या इनमें से किसी के आधार पर न तो कोई नागरिक अपात्र होगा और न उससे विभेद किया जाएगा।
(3) इस अनुच्छेद की कोई बात संसद को कोई ऐसी विधि बनाने से निवारित नहीं करेगी जो किसी राज्य या संघ राज्य क्षेत्र की सरकार के या उसमें के किसी स्थानीय या अन्य प्राधिकारी के अधीन वाले किसी वर्ग या वर्गों के पद पर नियोजन या नियुक्ति के संबंध में ऐसे नियोजन या नियुक्ति से पहले उस राज्य या संघ राज्य क्षेत्र के भीतर निवास विषयक कोई अपेक्षा विहित करती है।
(4) इस अनुच्छेद की कोई बात राज्य को पिछड़े हुए नागरिकों के किसी वर्ग के पक्ष में, जिनका प्रतिनिधित्व राज्य की राय में राज्य के अधीन सेवाओं में पर्याप्त नहीं है, नियुक्तियों या पदों के आरक्षण के लिए उपबंध करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी।
...
(6) इस अनुच्छेद की कोई बात राज्य को खंड (4) में उल्लिखित वर्गों के अतिरिक्त किन्हीं आर्थिक रूप से कमजोर वर्गों के पक्ष में वर्तमान आरक्षण के अतिरिक्त और प्रत्येक श्रेणी में पदों के अधिकतम दस प्रतिशत के शर्ताधीन नियुक्तियों अथवा पदों में आरक्षण का कोई प्रावधान करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी। (अनुच्छेद 16)
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
Vanuatu
- EnglishEvery person has the following fundamental duties to himself and his descendants and to others-
...
b. to recognise that he can fully develop his abilities and advance his true interests only by active participation in the development of the national community;
c. to exercise the rights guaranteed or conferred by the Constitution and to use the opportunities made available to him under it to participate fully in the government of the Republic of Vanuatu;
... (Art. 7) - FrenchToute personne a les devoirs fondamentaux suivants envers elle-même, ses descendants et autrui:
…
b) reconnaître qu'elle ne peut développer pleinement ses capacités et ses intérêts véritables que par sa participation active au développement de la communauté nationale;
c) exercer les droits garantis et attribués par la Constitution, et saisir les possibilités qu'elle offre de participer pleinement au Gouvernement de la République;
... (Art. 7)
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
Tunisia
- EnglishThe state commits to protect women’s accrued rights and work to strengthen and develop those rights.
The state guarantees the equality of opportunities between women and men to have access to all levels of responsibility in all domains. … (Art. 46) - Arabicتلتزم الدّولة بـحماية الحقوق المكتسبة للمرأة وتعمل على دعمها وتطويرها.
تضمن الدّولة تكافؤ الفرص بين الرجل والمرأة في تحمّل مختلف المسؤوليات وفي جميع المجالات. ... (الفصل 46) - FrenchL’État s’engage à protéger les droits acquis de la femme et veille à les consolider et les promouvoir.
L’État garantit l’égalité des chances entre l’homme et la femme pour l’accès aux diverses responsabilités et dans tous les domaines.
… (Art. 46)
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
Kyrgyzstan
- English1. Citizens shall have the right to:
1. participate in the discussion and adoption of laws and decisions of republican and local significance;
...
4. Citizens shall have equal rights and equal opportunities to take up posts in civil and municipal service as well as promotion in accordance with the regulations established in the law.
5. Citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic who have another citizenship may not assume political state posts and the positions of judges. Such limitation may be also established by the law for other public positions. (Art. 52) - Russian1. Граждане имеют право:
1) участвовать в обсуждении и принятии законов и решений республиканского и местного значения;
...
4. Граждане имеют равные права, равные возможности при поступлении на государственную и муниципальную службу, продвижении в должности в порядке, предусмотренном законом.
5. Граждане Кыргызской Республики, имеющие иное гражданство, не вправе занимать политические государственные должности и должности судей. Данное ограничение может быть установлено законом и для других государственных должностей. (Статья 52) - Kyrgyz1. Жарандар төмөндөгүлөргө укуктуу:
1) республикалык жана жергиликтүү маанидеги мыйзамдарды, чечимдерди талкуулоого жана аларды кабыл алууга катышууга;
...
4. Жарандар мамлекеттик жана муниципалдык кызматка кирүүдө, мыйзамда каралган тартипте кызматка көтөрүлүүдө бирдей укуктарга, бирдей мүмкүнчүлүктөргө ээ.
5. Башка жарандыгы бар Кыргыз Республикасынын жарандары саясий мамлекеттик кызматты жана соттордун кызмат ордун ээлөөгө укуксуз. Мындай чектөө башка мамлекеттик кызматтар үчүн да мыйзам менен белгилениши мүмкүн. (52-берене)
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
Burundi
- EnglishThe Administration is largely representative of the Burundian Nation and must reflect the diversity of its components. The practices that it observes in the matter of employment are founded on objective and equitable criteria of aptitude as well as on the necessity to correct the disequilibrium and to assure a wide ethnic, regional and gender representation. The ethnic representation in the public enterprises is provided on the basis of 60% at most for the Hutu and 40% at most for the Tutsi. (Art. 148)
- KirundiMu ntwaro, abarundi bose bategerezwa kuba baserukiwe bikwiye mu budasa bwa bo. Ugutanga akazi gutegerezwa kwisunga ko abakarondera bakwije ibisabwa n’amategeko hakurikijwe ubutungane n’ukwitwararika gukosora ivyerekeye urugero rw’ingene abanyagihugu baserukirwa, bikaringanizwa mu buryo abanyagihugu bo mu moko yose, intara zose n’ibitsina baserukirwa. Mu mashirahamwe ya Leta, ubwoko bw’abahutu buserukirwa ku rugero rw’ibice bitarenga 60 %, ubwoko bw’abatutsi bugaserukirwa ku rugero rw’ibice bitarenga 40 %. (Ingingo ya 148)
- FrenchL’Administration est largement représentative de la nation burundaise et doit refléter la diversité de ses composantes. Les pratiques qu’elle observe en matière d’emploi sont fondées sur des critères d’aptitude objectifs et équitables ainsi que sur la nécessité de corriger les déséquilibres et d’assurer une large représentation ethnique, régionale et de genre. La représentation ethnique dans les entreprises publiques est pourvue à raison de 60% au plus pour les Hutu et 40% au plus pour les Tutsi. (Art. 148)