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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Employment Rights and Protection
- English1. Work shall be a right and a duty of every citizen.
2. All citizens shall have the right freely to choose their profession.
… (Art. 84) - Portuguese1. O trabalho constitui direito e dever de cada cidadão.
2. Cada cidadão tem direito à livre escolha da profissão.
… (Art. 84)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishEvery person has the right to work under equitable and satisfactory working conditions, to choose his occupation freely and to give it up, and to protection against unemployment. (Art. 127)
- SpanishToda persona tiene derecho al trabajo, a escoger libremente su ocupación y a renunciar a ella, a condiciones equitativas y satisfactorias de trabajo y a la protección contra el desempleo. (Art. 127)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishCitizens have the right to work.
All able-bodied citizens may choose occupations in accordance with their wishes and skills and are provided with stable jobs and working conditions.
Citizens work according to their abilities and are paid in accordance with the quantity and quality of their work. (Art. 70) - Korean공민은 로동에 대한 권리를 가진다.
로동능력있는 모든 공민은 희망과 재능에 따라 직업을 선택하며 안정된 일자리와 로동조건을 보장받는다.
공민은 능력에 따라 일하며 로동의 량과 질에 따라 분배를 받는다. (제70조)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English1. Everyone has the right to choose a profession or type of work freely, subject to the legal restrictions that are imposed in the collective interest or the restrictions that are inherent in a person's own capabilities.
… (Art. 47) - Portuguese1. Todos têm o direito de escolher livremente a profissão ou o género de trabalho, salvas as restrições legais impostas pelo interesse colectivo ou inerentes à sua própria capacidade.
... (Art. 47)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English1. All citizens shall have the right to work. The State shall endeavor to promote the employment of workers and to guarantee optimum wages through social and economic means and shall enforce a minimum wage system as prescribed by law.
2. All citizens shall have the duty to work. The State shall prescribe by law the extent and conditions of the duty to work in conformity with democratic principles.
3. Standards of working conditions shall be determined by law in such a way as to guarantee human dignity.
4. Special protection shall be accorded to working women and they shall not be subjected to unjust discrimination in terms of employment, wages and working conditions.
… (Art. 32) - Korean①모든 국민은 근로의 권리를 가진다. 국가는 사회적·경제적 방법으로 근로자의 고용의 증진과 적정임금의 보장에 노력하여야 하며, 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 최저임금제를 시행하여야 한다.
②모든 국민은 근로의 의무를 진다. 국가는 근로의 의무의 내용과 조건을 민주주의원칙에 따라 법률로 정한다.
③근로조건의 기준은 인간의 존엄성을 보장하도록 법률로 정한다.
④여자의 근로는 특별한 보호를 받으며, 고용·임금 및 근로조건에 있어서 부당한 차별을 받지 아니한다.
... (제32조)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English…
3. Women have the right to special protection during pregnancy and following childbirth, and working women also have the right to an adequate period of leave from work without loss of remuneration or any privileges.
4. The law shall regulate the attribution to mothers and fathers of rights to an adequate period of leave from work, in accordance with the interests of the child and the needs of the household. (Art. 68) - Portuguese…
3. As mulheres têm direito a especial protecção durante a gravidez e após o parto, tendo as mulheres trabalhadoras ainda direito a dispensa do trabalho por período adequado, sem perda da retribuição ou de quaisquer regalias.
4. A lei regula a atribuição às mães e aos pais de direitos de dispensa de trabalho por período adequado, de acordo com os interesses da criança e as necessidades do agregado familiar. (Art. 68)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishThe State recognises the right of every citizen to work and to just and favourable conditions of work and with a view to ensuring the effective exercise of these rights the State undertakes−
(a) to take necessary measures to achieve and maintain a high and stable level of employment, as is practicable, with a view to attaining full employment;
(b) subject to such restrictions as are necessary in a democratic society, to protect effectively the right of a citizen to earn a dignified living in a freely chosen occupation, profession or trade;
(c) to promote vocational guidance and training;
(d) to make and enforce statutory provisions for safe, healthy and fair conditions of work, including reasonable rest, leisure, paid holidays, remuneration which guarantees, as a minimum, dignified and decent living conditions for the workers and their families, fair and equal wages for work of equal value without distinction and stability of employment.
… (Art. 35)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishMotherhood of the working woman is protected. The pregnant woman may not be separated from her public or private employment for this reason. For a minimum of six weeks prior to confinement and eight weeks thereafter, she is entitled to rest with the same remuneration that she was receiving, and her job shall be kept for her, as well as all the rights inherent to her contract. Upon returning to work, the mother may not be dismissed for one year, except in special cases prescribed by law, which shall in addition, regulate the special working conditions of the pregnant woman. (Art. 72)
- SpanishSe protege la maternidad de la mujer trabajadora. La que esté en estado de gravidez no podrá ser separada de su empleo público o particular por esta causa. Durante un mínimo de seis semanas precedentes al parto y las ocho que le siguen, gozará de descanso forzoso retribuido del mismo modo que su trabajo y conservará el empleo y todos los derechos correspondientes a su contrato. AI reincorporarse la madre trabajadora a su empleo no podrá ser despedida por el término de un año, salvo en casos especiales previstos en la Ley, la cual reglamentará además, las condiciones especiales de trabajo de la mujer en estado de preñez. (Art. 72)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
...
(2) Every citizen shall have the following freedoms:
…
(f) freedom to practice any profession, carry on any occupation and establish and operate any industry, trade and business in any part of Nepal.
… (Art. 17) - Nepali
...
(२) प्रत्येक नागरिकलाई देहायको स्वतन्त्रता हुनेछ ः–
...
(च) नेपालको कुनै पनि भागमा पेशा, रोजगार गर्ने र उद्योग, व्यापार तथा व्यवसायको स्थापना र सञ्चालन गर्ने स्वतन्त्रता ।
... (धारा १७)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
…
(2) Pregnant women shall be entitled to special treatment, terms of employment, and working conditions.
… (Art. 41) - Slovak
…
(2) Ţene v tehotenstve sa zaručuje osobitná starostlivosť, ochrana v pracovných vzťahoch a zodpovedajúce pracovné podmienky.
… (Čl. 41)