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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe National People’s Congress exercises the following functions and powers:
…
(2) to supervise the enforcement of the Constitution;
… (Art. 62) - Chinese全国人民代表大会行使下列职权:
…
(二)监督宪法的实施;
… (第六十二条)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe mandate of the Supreme Constitutional Court is as follows:
1. Control over the constitutionality of the laws, legislative decrees, bylaws and regulations;
2. Expressing opinion, upon the request of the President of the Republic, on the constitutionality of the draft laws and legislative decrees and the legality of draft decrees;
3. Supervising the election of the President of the Republic and organizing the relevant procedures;
4. Considering the challenges made to the soundness of the measures of electing the President of the Republic and members of the People’s Assembly and ruling on these challenges;
5. Trying the President of the Republic in the case of high treason;
6. The law states its other authorities. (Art. 146) - Arabicتختص المحكمة الدستورية العليا بما يأتي:
1. الرقابة على دستورية القوانين والمراسيم التشريعية واللوائح والأنظمة.
2. إبداء الرأي بناء على طلب من رئيس الجمهورية في دستورية مشروعات القوانين والمراسيم التشريعية وقانونية مشروعات المراسيم.
3. الإشراف على انتخاب رئيس الجمهورية وتنظيم الإجراءات الخاصة بذلك.
4. النظر في الطّعون الخاصّة بصحة انتخاب رئيس الجمهورية وأعضاء مجلس الشعب والبت فيها.
5. محاكمة رئيس الجمهورية في حالة الخيانة العظمى.
6. يبين القانون اختصاصاتها الأخرى. (المادة 146)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The Supreme Court shall be a superior court of record, shall consist of a Chief Justice and such number of other judges as may from time to time be prescribed by Act, and shall have appellate jurisdiction, as to both law and fact, with final authority to adjudicate all cases and controversies properly brought before it, in accord with this Constitution and other applicable laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
(2) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court:
…
(b) as of right from any final decision of the High Court in the exercise of any appellate jurisdiction, but only if the High Court certifies that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation or effect of any provision of the Constitution;
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(3) The High Court may, on its own motion or on application of any party to the proceedings, remove to the Supreme Court any question arising as to the interpretation or effect of the Constitution in any proceedings of the High Court, other than proceedings set down for trial before a bench of 3 judges.
… (Art. VI, Sec. 2)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. Any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution shall be determined by the Court of Appeal sitting as the Constitutional Court.
2. When sitting as a Constitutional Court, the Court of Appeal shall consist of a bench of five members of that Court.
3. A person who alleges that-
a. an Act of Parliament or any other law or anything in or done under the authority of any law; or
b. any act or omission by any person or authority,
is inconsistent with or in contravention of a provision of this Constitution, may petition the Constitutional Court for a declaration to that effect, and for redress where appropriate.
4. Where upon determination of the petition under clause (3) of this article the Constitutional Court considers that there is need for redress in addition to the declaration sought, the Constitutional Court may-
a. grant an order of redress; or
b. refer the matter to the High Court to investigate and determine the appropriate redress.
5. Where any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution arises in any proceedings in a court of law other than a Field Court Martial, the Court-
a. may, if it is of the opinion that the question involves a substantial question of law; and
b. shall, if any party to the proceedings requests it to do so,
refer the question to the constitutional court for decision in accordance with clause (1) of this article.
6. Where any question is referred to the constitutional court under clause (5) of this article, the constitutional court shall give its decision on the question, and the court in which the question arises shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision.
… (Art. 137)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Mejlis shall:
1. Adopt the Constitution, enact laws, make amendments and changes to the Constitution and laws, monitor their performance and their interpretation;
…
9. Determine conformity to or divergence from the Constitution and the normative legal acts by the state authorities and administration;
... (Art. 81) - RussianМеджлис:
1) принимает Конституцию и законы, вносит в них изменения и дополнения, осуществляет контроль над их исполнением и их толкование;
…
9) учреждает государственные награды, награждает Президента Туркменистана государственными наградами, присваивает ему воинские звания и иные государственные звания;
... (Статья 81) - TurkmenMejlis:
1) Konstitusiýany we kanunlary kabul edýär, olara üýtgetmeler we goşmaçalar girizýär, olaryň ýerine ýetirilişine gözegçiligi we olara resmi düşündiriş bermegi amala aşyrýar;
…
9) döwlet sylaglaryny döredýär, Türkmenistanyň Prezidentini döwlet sylaglary bilen sylaglaýar, oňa harby atlary we gaýry döwlet atlaryny dakýar;
... (81-nji madda)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. Anyone who considers that a provision of the Constitution has been infringed in relation to him may, without prejudice to any other legal remedy available to him, apply to the Supreme Court for redress.
2. The Supreme Court has jurisdiction to determine the matter and to make such order as it considers appropriate to enforce the provisions of the Constitution.
3. When a question concerning the interpretation of the Constitution arises before a subordinate court, and the court considers that the question concerns a fundamental point of law, the court shall submit the question to the Supreme Court for its determination. (Art. 53) - French1) Quiconque estime qu'une disposition de la Constitution a été violée à son encontre peut, sans préjudice des autres recours légaux ouverts, saisir la Cour Suprême pour dénoncer cette violation et obtenir réparation.
2) La Cour Suprême a compétence pour déterminer si une disposition de la Constitution a été violée et pour faire une déclaration en conséquence.
3) Lorsqu'une question relative à l'interprétation de la Constitution est soulevée devant une juridiction inférieure et que celle-ci considère que la question a trait à un point de droit fondamental, cette juridiction doit, à titre préjudiciel, soumettre cette question à la Cour Suprême. (Art. 53)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishEvery person or collective affected by a juridical norm contrary to the Constitution shall have the right to present an Action for Unconstitutionality (Accion de Inconstitucionalidad), pursuant to the procedures established by law. (Art. 132)
- SpanishToda persona individual o colectiva afectada por una norma jurídica contraria a la Constitución tendrá derecho a presentar la Acción de Inconstitucionalidad, de acuerdo con los procedimientos establecidos por la ley. (Art. 132)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
1. The Coprinces, under the provisions of article 46.1.f), the Head of Government or a fifth of the General Council, may request a prior opinion about the constitutionality of international treaties prior to their ratification. Proceedings of this nature shall take priority.
… (Art. 101) - Catalan
1. Els coprínceps, en els termes de l'article 46.1.f), el cap de Govern o una cinquena part dels membres del Consell General, poden requerir dictamen previ d'inconstitucionalitat sobre els tractats internacionals abans de la seva ratificació. Aquest procediment tindrà caràcter preferent.
… (Art. 101)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The Constitutional Court is the highest jurisdiction of the State in constitutional matters. It is the judge of the constitutionality of the law and it guarantees the fundamental rights of the human person and the public freedoms. It is the regulatory organ of the functioning of the institutions and of the activity of the public powers. (Art. 114)
- French
La Cour constitutionnelle est la plus haute juridiction de l'Etat en matière constitutionnelle. Elle est juge de la constitutionnalité de la loi et elle garantit les droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine et les libertés publiques. Elle est l'organe régulateur du fonctionnement des institutions et de l'activité des pouvoirs publics. (Art. 114)