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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Jurisdiction and Access
Brazil
- EnglishBy decision of two-thirds of its members, after reiterated decisions on constitutional matters, the Supreme Federal Tribunal may, ex officio or upon demand, approve a súmula which, upon publication in the official press, shall have binding effects on the other organs of the Judiciary and the federal, state and county public administration, both direct and indirect. The Supreme Federal Tribunal may also revise or cancel [its súmulas] in the manner established by law.
§1°. The objective of the súmula shall be the validity, interpretation and efficacy of determined rules, as to which there is presently controversy among judicial bodies or between judicial bodies and the public administration, causing serious legal insecurity and corresponding multiplication of cases about identical questions.
§2°. Without prejudice to what has been established by law, approval, revision or cancellation of a súmula may be demanded by persons with standing to bring a direct action of unconstitutionality.
§3°. A reclamation to the Supreme Federal Tribunal will lie from an administrative act or judicial decision that is contrary to the applicable súmula or that improperly applies the súmula. Upon determination that the reclamation should be granted, the Supreme Federal Tribunal shall annul the administrative act or vacate the challenged judicial decision, and shall determine that another shall be rendered, with or without application of the súmula, as may be the case. (Art. 103-A) - PortugueseO Supremo Tribunal Federal poderá, de ofício ou por provocação, mediante decisão de dois terços dos seus membros, após reiteradas decisões sobre matéria constitucional, aprovar súmula que, a partir de sua publicação na imprensa oficial, terá efeito vinculante em relação aos demais órgãos do Poder Judiciário e à administração pública direta e indireta, nas esferas federal, estadual e municipal, bem como proceder à sua revisão ou cancelamento, na forma estabelecida em lei.
§ 1º A súmula terá por objetivo a validade, a interpretação e a eficácia de normas determinadas, acerca das quais haja controvérsia atual entre órgãos judiciários ou entre esses e a administração pública que acarrete grave insegurança jurídica e relevante multiplicação de processos sobre questão idêntica.
§ 2º Sem prejuízo do que vier a ser estabelecido em lei, a aprovação, revisão ou cancelamento de súmula poderá ser provocada por aqueles que podem propor a ação direta de inconstitucionalidade.
§ 3º Do ato administrativo ou decisão judicial que contrariar a súmula aplicável ou que indevidamente a aplicar, caberá reclamação ao Supremo Tribunal Federal que, julgando-a procedente, anulará o ato administrativo ou cassará a decisão judicial reclamada, e determinará que outra seja proferida com ou sem a aplicação da súmula, conforme o caso. (Art. 103-A)
Jurisdiction and Access
Pakistan
- English(1) Subject to this Article, the Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals from judgements, decrees, final orders or sentences of a High Court.
(2) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgement, decree, final order or sentence of a High Court-
…
(f) if the High Court certifies that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution.
… (Art. 185) - Urdu(ا) اس آرٹیکل کے تابع، عدالت عظمٰی کو کسی عدالت عالیہ کے صادر کردہ فیصلوں، ڈگریوں ، حتمی احکام یا سزاؤں کے خلاف اپیلوں کی سماعت کرنے اور ان پر فیصلہ صادر کرنے کا اختیار ہو گا۔
(۲) کسی عدالت عالیہ کے صادر کردہ کسی فیصلے، ڈگری، حتمی حکم یا سزا کے خلاف اپیل عدالت عظمٰی میں دائرکی جا سکے گی۔
...
(و) اگر عدالت عالیہ اس امر کی تصدیق کر دے کہ مقدمے میں دستور کی تعبیر کے بارے میں کوئی اہم قانونی مسئلہ درپیش ہے۔
…(آرٹیکل ۱۸۵)
Jurisdiction and Access
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- English(1) Subsection (2) applies in any proceedings in which a court determines whether a provision of primary legislation is compatible with a Convention right.
(2) If the court is satisfied that the provision is incompatible with a Convention right, it may make a declaration of that incompatibility.
(3) Subsection (4) applies in any proceedings in which a court determines whether a provision of subordinate legislation, made in the exercise of a power conferred by primary legislation, is compatible with a Convention right.
(4) If the court is satisfied—
(a) that the provision is incompatible with a Convention right, and
(b) that (disregarding any possibility of revocation) the primary legislation concerned prevents removal of the incompatibility,it may make a declaration of that incompatibility.
(5) In this section “court” means—
(a) the Supreme Court;
(b) the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council;
(c) the Court Martial Appeal Court;
(d) in Scotland, the High Court of Justiciary sitting otherwise than as a trial court or the Court of Session;
(e) in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, the High Court or the Court of Appeal.
(f) the Court of Protection, in any matter being dealt with by the President of the Family Division, the Chancellor of the High Court] or a puisne judge of the High Court.
... (Human Rights Act 1998, Sec. 4)6
Jurisdiction and Access
Egypt
- EnglishThe Supreme Constitutional Court shall be solely competent to decide on the constitutionality of laws and regulations, to interpret legislative provisions, and to adjudicate on disputes pertaining to the affairs of its members, on jurisdictional disputes between judicial bodies and entities that have judicial jurisdiction, on disputes pertaining to the implementation of two final contradictory judgments, one of which is rendered by a judicial body or an authority with judicial jurisdiction and the other is rendered by another, and on disputes pertaining to the execution of its judgments and decisions.
The law shall determine the Court’s other competences and regulate the procedures that are to be followed before the Court. (Art. 192) - Arabicتتولى المحكمة الدّستورية العليا دون غيرها الرّقابة القضائيّة على دستوريّة القوانين، واللّوائح، وتفسير النّصوص التّشريعية، والفصل فى المنازعات المتعلّقة بشؤون أعضائها، وفى تنازع الاختصاص بين جهات القضاء والهيئات ذات الاختصاص القضائى، والفصل فى النزاع الذي يقوم بشأن تنفيذ حكمين نهائيين متناقضين صادر أحدهما من أى جهة من جهات القضاء، أو هيئة ذات اختصاص قضائيّ، والآخر من جهة أخرى ، والمنازعات المتعلّقة بتنفيذ أحكامها، والقرارات الصّادرة منها.
يضبط القانون الاختصاصات الأخرى للمحكمة، وينظّم الإجراءات التى تتّبع أمامها. (المادّة 192)
Jurisdiction and Access
Ecuador
- EnglishThe special proceedings for protection shall be admissible against those rulings or definitive judgments where there has been a violation, by deed or omission, of the rights enshrined in the Constitution, and they shall be filed with the Constitutional Court. This appeal shall be admissible when regular and special appeals have been exhausted within the legal framework, unless the failure to file these resources was not attributable to the negligence of the person bearing the constitutional right that was infringed. (Art. 94)
- SpanishLa acción extraordinaria de protección procederá contra sentencias o autos definitivos en los que se haya violado por acción u omisión derechos reconocidos en la Constitución, y se interpondrá ante la Corte Constitucional. El recurso procederá cuando se hayan agotado los recursos ordinarios y extraordinarios dentro del término legal, a menos que la falta de interposición de estos recursos no fuera atribuible a la negligencia de la persona titular del derecho constitucional vulnerado. (Art. 94)
Jurisdiction and Access
Thailand
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court has duties and powers as follows:
(1) to consider and adjudicate on the constitutionality of a law or bill;
(2) to consider and adjudicate on a question regarding duties and powers of the House of Representative, the Senate, the National Assembly, the Council of Ministers or Independent Organs;
(3) others duties and powers prescribed in the Constitution.
The submission of a petition and the conditions for submitting a petition, the consideration and adjudication, the rendering of a decision, and the operation of the Court, except as prescribed by the Constitution, shall be in accordance with the Organic Act on the Procedures of the Constitutional Court. ... (Sec. 210) - Thaiศาลรัฐธรรมนูญมีหน้าที่และอํานาจดังต่อไปนี้
(๑) พิจารณาวินิจฉัยความชอบด้วยรัฐธรรมนูญของกฎหมายหรือร่างกฎหมาย
(๒) พิจารณาวินิจฉัยปัญหาเกี่ยวกับหน้าที่และอํานาจของสภาผู้แทนราษฎร วุฒิสภา รัฐสภา คณะรัฐมนตรี หรือองค์กรอิสระ
(๓) หน้าที่และอํานาจอื่นตามที่บัญญัติไว้ในรัฐธรรมนูญ
การยื่นคําร้องและเงื่อนไขการยื่นคําร้อง การพิจารณาวินิจฉัย การทําคําวินิจฉัย และการดําเนินงานของศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ นอกจากที่บัญญัติไว้ในรัฐธรรมนูญแล้ว ให้เป็นไปตามพระราชบัญญัติประกอบรัฐธรรมนูญว่าด้วยวิธีพิจารณาของศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ ... (มาตรา ๒๑๐)
Jurisdiction and Access
Nauru
- EnglishThe President or a Minister may, in accordance with the approval of the Cabinet, refer to the Supreme Court for its opinion any question concerning the interpretation or effect of any provision of this Constitution which has arisen or appears to the Cabinet likely to arise, and the Supreme Court shall pronounce in open court its opinion on the question. (Art. 55)
Jurisdiction and Access
Ghana
- English(1) A person who alleges that –
(a) an enactment or anything contained in or done under the authority of that or any other enactment; or
(b) any act or omission of any person;
is inconsistent with, or is in contravention of a provision of this Constitution, may bring an action in the Supreme Court for a declaration to that effect.
(2) The Supreme Court shall, for the purposes of a declaration under clause (1) of this article, make such orders and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for giving effect, or enabling effect to be given, to the declaration so made.
… (Art. 2)
Jurisdiction and Access
Guatemala
- EnglishThe actions against the laws, regulations or provisions of a general character which contain a partial or total defect [vicio] of unconstitutionality, will be heard directly before the Tribunal or Court of Constitutionality. (Art. 267)
- SpanishLas acciones en contra de leyes, reglamentos o disposiciones de carácter general que contengan vicio parcial o total de inconstitucionalidad, se plantearán directamente ante el Tribunal o Corte de Constitucionalidad. (Art. 267)
Jurisdiction and Access
Yemen
- EnglishThe Supreme Court of the Republic is the highest judicial authority. The law shall specify how it can be formed, clarify its functions and the procedures to be followed before it. It shall undertake to do the following:
a. Judge on cases and pleas that laws, regulations, by-laws and decisions are not constitutional.
b. Judge disputes over conflict of jurisdiction.
c. Investigate and give opinions regarding appeals referred by the House of Representatives which relate to its membership.
d. Rule on appeals of final judgments in civilian, commercial, criminal, personal and administrative disputes and disciplinary cases according to the law.
e. To try the President of the Republic, the Vice President, the Prime Minister, his deputies, the ministers and their deputies according to the law. (Art. 153) - Arabicالمحكمة العليا للجمهورية هي أعلى هيئة قضائية ، ويحدد القانون كيفية تشكيلها ويبين اختصاصاتها والإجراءات التي تتبع أمامها ، وتمارس على وجه الخصوص في مجال القضاء ما يلي:
أ.الفصل في الدعاوى والدفوع المتعلقة بعدم دستورية القوانين واللوائح والأنظمة والقرارات.
ب.الفصل في تنازع الاختصاص بين جهات القضاء.
ج.التحقيق وإبداء الرأي في صحة الطعون المحالة إليها من مجلس النواب المتعلقة بصحة عضوية أي من أعضائه.
د.الفصل في الطعون في الاحكام النهائية وذلك في القضايا المدنية والتجارية والجنائية والأحوال الشخصية والمنازعات الإدارية والدعاوى التأديبية وفقاً للقانون.
ه.محاكمة رئيس الجمهورية ونائب الرئيس ورئيس الوزراء ونوابه والوزراء ونوابهم وفقاً للقانون.( مادة 153)