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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
Indians shall have their social organization, customs, languages, creeds and traditions recognized, as well as their original rights to the lands they traditionally occupy, it being incumbent upon the Union to demarcate them, protect and ensure respect for all of their property.
Paragraph 1. Lands traditionally occupied by Indians are those on which they live on a permanent basis, those used for their productive activities, those indispensable to the preservation of the environmental resources necessary for their well-being and for their physical and cultural reproduction, according to their uses, customs and traditions.
Paragraph 2. The lands traditionally occupied by Indians are intended for their permanent possession and they shall have the exclusive usufruct of the riches of the soil, the rivers and the lakes existing therein.
Paragraph 3. Hydric resources, including energetic potentials, may only be exploited, and mineral riches in Indian land may only be prospected and mined with the authorization of the National Congress, after hearing the communities involved, and the participation in the results of such mining shall be ensured to them, as set forth by law.
Paragraph 4. The lands referred to in this article are inalienable and indisposable and the rights thereto are not subject to limitation.
Paragraph 5. The removal of Indian groups from their lands is forbidden, except ad referendum of the National Congress, in case of a catastrophe or an epidemic which represents a risk to their population, or in the interest of the sovereignty of the country, after decision by the National Congress, it being guaranteed that, under any circumstances, the return shall be immediate as soon as the risk ceases.
Paragraph 6. Acts with a view to occupation, domain and possession of the lands referred to in this article or to the exploitation of the natural riches of the soil, rivers and lakes existing therein, are null and void, producing no legal effects, except in case of relevant public interest of the Union, as provided by a supplementary law and such nullity and voidness shall not create a right to indemnity or to sue the Union, except in what concerns improvements derived from occupation in good faith, in the manner prescribed by law.
Paragraph 7. The provisions of article 174, paragraphs 3 and 4, shall not apply to Indian lands. (Art. 231) - Portuguese
São reconhecidos aos índios sua organização social, costumes, línguas, crenças e tradições, e os direitos originários sobre as terras que tradicionalmente ocupam, competindo à União demarcá-las, proteger e fazer respeitar todos os seus bens.
§ 1º - São terras tradicionalmente ocupadas pelos índios as por eles habitadas em caráter permanente, as utilizadas para suas atividades produtivas, as imprescindíveis à preservação dos recursos ambientais necessários a seu bem-estar e as necessárias a sua reprodução física e cultural, segundo seus usos, costumes e tradições.
§ 2º - As terras tradicionalmente ocupadas pelos índios destinam-se a sua posse permanente, cabendo-lhes o usufruto exclusivo das riquezas do solo, dos rios e dos lagos nelas existentes.
§ 3º - O aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos, incluídos os potenciais energéticos, a pesquisa e a lavra das riquezas minerais em terras indígenas só podem ser efetivados com autorização do Congresso Nacional, ouvidas as comunidades afetadas, ficando-lhes assegurada participação nos resultados da lavra, na forma da lei.
§ 4º - As terras de que trata este artigo são inalienáveis e indisponíveis, e os direitos sobre elas, imprescritíveis.
§ 5º - É vedada a remoção dos grupos indígenas de suas terras, salvo, "ad referendum" do Congresso Nacional, em caso de catástrofe ou epidemia que ponha em risco sua população, ou no interesse da soberania do País, após deliberação do Congresso Nacional, garantido, em qualquer hipótese, o retorno imediato logo que cesse o risco.
§ 6º - São nulos e extintos, não produzindo efeitos jurídicos, os atos que tenham por objeto a ocupação, o domínio e a posse das terras a que se refere este artigo, ou a exploração das riquezas naturais do solo, dos rios e dos lagos nelas existentes, ressalvado relevante interesse público da União, segundo o que dispuser lei complementar, não gerando a nulidade e a extinção direito a indenização ou a ações contra a União, salvo, na forma da lei, quanto às benfeitorias derivadas da ocupação de boa fé.
§ 7º - Não se aplica às terras indígenas o disposto no art. 174, § 3º e § 4º. (Art. 231)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(4) Every person shall have the right to own personal property, and such property may not be unjustly held possession of by any party. (Art. 28H) - Indonesian…
(4) Setiap orang berhak mempunyai hak milik pribadi dan hak milik tersebut tidak boleh diambil alih secara sewenang-wenang oleh siapa pun. (Pasal 28H)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Every person has the right to own property either alone or in association with others.
… (Art. 18)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1. The right of property, as well as the debts incurring on the State are guaranteed. The content and limitations of these rights shall be established by law.
(2) Private property shall be equally guaranteed and protected by the law, irrespective of its owner.
... (Art. 44) - Romanian(1) Dreptul de proprietate, precum şi creanţele asupra statului, sunt garantate. Conţinutul şi limitele acestor drepturi sunt stabilite de lege.
(2) Proprietatea privată este garantată şi ocrotită în mod egal de lege, indiferent de titular.
… (Art. 44)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe State recognizes the right to succession in the case of death. The law regulates its content and scope. (Art. 63)
- SpanishSe reconoce el derecho a la sucesión por causa de muerte. La ley regula su contenido y alcance. (Art. 63)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishPrivate ownership is safeguarded. No person shall be prevented from disposing of his property save within the limits of the Law; and no person shall suffer expropriation save for the public benefit in the cases determined and in the manner prescribed by Law provided that he be equitably compensated therefor.
Inheritance is a right governed by Islamic Law. (Art. 18) - Arabicالملكية الخاصة مصونة، فلا يمنع أحد من التصرف في ملكه إلا في حدود القانون، ولا ينزع أحد من ملكه إلا بسبب المنفعة العامة في الأحوال المبينة في القانون، وبالكيفية المنصوص عليها فيه، وبشرط تعويضه عنه تعويضاً عادلاً.
والميراث حق تحكمه الشريعة الإسلامية . (المادّة 18)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English...
(5) The jurisdiction of a Kadhis’ court shall be limited to the determination of questions of Muslim law relating to personal status, marriage, divorce or inheritance in proceedings in which all the parties profess the Muslim religion and submit to the jurisdiction of the Kadhi’s courts.
… (Art. 170) - Swahili...
(5) Mamlaka ya Mahakama ya Kadhi yatakuwa na mipaka itakayoishia katika kuamua shauri la sheria ya Kiisilamu inayohusiana na hadhi binafsi, ndoa, talaka au urithi katika kesi ambazo kwazo pande zote ni waumini wa dini ya Kiislamu na wanaitii mamlaka ya mahakama za Kadhi.
… (Kifungu cha 170)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe property of every individual shall be so guaranteed
... (Instrument of the Government, Chapter 2, Art. 15) - SwedishVars och ens egendom är tryggad
… (Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform, 2 kap, 15§)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
Whereas every person in Grenada is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest, to each and all of the following, namely-
…
(c) protection for the privacy of his home and other property
… (Sec. 1)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
…
2. The State shall recognize all forms of public and private property, and shall protect the rights of the owners by law.
… (Art. 5) - Mongolian
…
2. Төр нь нийтийн болон хувийн өмчийн аливаа хэлбэрийг хүлээн зөвшөөрч, өмчлөгчийн эрхийг хуулиар хамгаална.
… (Тавдугаар зүйл)