SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) Except as is otherwise expressly provided in this Chapter5 and in section 54, no law may abrogate, abridge or infringe or authorise the abrogation, abridgment or infringement of any of the rights and freedoms hereinbefore recognised and declared.
… (Sec. 5)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. Human dignity shall be protected by the State. Nothing may serve as a basis for its derogation.
… (Art. 21) - Russian1. Достоинство личности охраняется государством. Ничто не может быть основанием для его умаления.
… (Статья 21)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishCitizens shall have duties with respect to society and the State; they may not exercise their rights by violating the rights of other citizens, and by disrespecting the just demands of morality, of public order and of national independence defined in the law. (Art. 21)
- PortugueseOs cidadãos têm deveres para com a sociedade e o Estado, não podendo exercer os seus direitos com violação dos direitos dos outros cidadãos, e desrespeito das justas exigências da moral, da ordem pública e da independência nacional definidas na lei. (Art. 21)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishEvery individual has the right to enjoy life, security and liberty. Deprivation or restriction of these rights is prohibited except in accordance with the law and based on a decision issued by a competent judicial authority. (Art. 15)
- Arabicلكل فردٍ الحق في الحياة والأمن والحرية، ولا يجوز الحرمان من هذه الحقوق أو تقييدها إلا وفقاً للقانون، وبناءً على قرارٍ صادرٍ من جهةٍ قضائيةٍ مختصة. (المادة 15)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe means chosen for restricting fundamental rights and freedoms shall be suitable and necessary for the achievement of the aim stipulated by the Constitution. The means chosen for the restriction shall be commensurate to the significance of the fundamental right and freedom being restricted. (Art. 78)
- ArmenianՀիմնական իրավունքների և ազատությունների սահմանափակման համար ընտրված միջոցները պետք է պիտանի և անհրաժեշտ լինեն Սահմանադրությամբ սահմանված նպատակին հասնելու համար: Սահմանափակման համար ընտրված միջոցները պետք է համարժեք լինեն սահմանափակվող հիմնական իրավունքի և ազատության նշանակությանը: (Հոդված 78)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1 Restrictions on fundamental rights must have a legal basis. Significant restrictions must have their basis in a federal act. The foregoing does not apply in cases of serious and immediate danger where no other course of action is possible.
2 Restrictions on fundamental rights must be justified in the public interest or for the protection of the fundamental rights of others.
3 Any restrictions on fundamental rights must be proportionate.
4 The essence of fundamental rights is sacrosanct. (Art. 36) - French1 Toute restriction d’un droit fondamental doit être fondée sur une base légale. Les restrictions graves doivent être prévues par une loi. Les cas de danger sérieux, direct et imminent sont réservés.
2 Toute restriction d’un droit fondamental doit être justifiée par un intérêt public ou par la protection d’un droit fondamental d’autrui.
3 Toute restriction d’un droit fondamental doit être proportionnée au but visé.
4 L’essence des droits fondamentaux est inviolable. (Art. 36) - German1 Einschränkungen von Grundrechten bedürfen einer gesetzlichen Grundlage. Schwerwiegende Einschränkungen müssen im Gesetz selbst vorgesehen sein. Ausgenommen sind Fälle ernster, unmittelbarer und nicht anders abwendbarer Gefahr.
2 Einschränkungen von Grundrechten müssen durch ein öffentliches Interesse oder durch den Schutz von Grundrechten Dritter gerechtfertigt sein.
3 Einschränkungen von Grundrechten müssen verhältnismässig sein.
4 Der Kerngehalt der Grundrechte ist unantastbar. (Art. 36) - Italian1 Le restrizioni dei diritti fondamentali devono avere una base legale. Se gravi, devono essere previste dalla legge medesima. Sono eccettuate le restrizioni ordinate in caso di pericolo grave, immediato e non altrimenti evitabile.
2 Le restrizioni dei diritti fondamentali devono essere giustificate da un interesse pubblico o dalla protezione di diritti fondamentali altrui.
3 Esse devono essere proporzionate allo scopo.
4 I diritti fondamentali sono intangibili nella loro essenza. (Art. 36)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English
...
(4) Any legislation enacted in consequence of a declaration of a state of emergency may derogate from the Bill of Rights only to the extent that—
(a) the derogation is strictly required by the emergency; and
(b) the legislation—
(i) is consistent with the Republic’s obligations under international law applicable to states of emergency;
(ii) conforms to subsection (5); and
(iii) is published in the national Government Gazette as soon as reasonably possible after being enacted.
(5) No Act of Parliament that authorises a declaration of a state of emergency, and no legislation enacted or other action taken in consequence of a declaration, may permit or authorise—
(a) indemnifying the state, or any person, in respect of any unlawful act;
(b) any derogation from this section; or
(c) any derogation from a section mentioned in column 1 of the Table of Non-Derogable Rights,5 to the extent indicated opposite that section in column 3 of the Table.6
… (Sec. 37)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English(1) If the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security, or the economic life, or public order in the Federation or any part thereof is threatened, he may issue a Proclamation of Emergency making therein a declaration to that effect.
…
(5) Subject to Clause (6a), while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force, Parliament may, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution make laws with respect to any matter, if it appears to Parliament that the law is required by reason of the emergency; and Article 79 shall not apply to a Bill for such a law or an amendment to such a Bill, nor shall any provision of this Constitution or of any written law which requires any consent or concurrence to the passing of a law or any consultation with respect thereto, or which restricts the coming into force of a law after it is passed or the presentation of a Bill to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for his assent.
(6) Subject to Clause (6a), no provision of any ordinance promulgated under this Article, and no provision of any Act of Parliament which is passed while a Proclamation of Emergency is in force and which declares that the law appears to Parliament to be required by reason of the emergency, shall be invalid on the ground of inconsistency with any provision of this Constitution.
(6a) Clause (5) shall not extend the powers of Parliament with respect to any matter of Islamic law or the custom of the Malays, or with respect to any matter of native law or customs in the State of Sabah or Sarawak; nor shall Clause (6) validate any provision inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitution relating to any such matter or relating to religion, citizenship, or language.
… (Art. 150) - Malay(1) Jika Yang di-Pertuan Agong berpuas hati bahawa suatu darurat besar sedang berlaku yang menyebabkan keselamatan, atau kehidupan ekonomi, atau ketenteraman awam di dalam Persekutuan atau mana-mana bahagiannya terancam, maka Yang di-Pertuan Agong boleh mengeluarkan suatu Proklamasi Darurat dengan membuat dalamnya suatu perisytiharan yang bermaksud sedemikian.
…
(5) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (6A), semasa Proklamasi Darurat berkuat kuasa, Parlimen boleh, walau apa pun apa-apa jua dalam Perlembagaan ini, membuat undang-undang mengenai apa-apa perkara, jika didapati oleh Parlimen bahawa undang-undang itu dikehendaki oleh sebab darurat itu; dan Perkara 79 tidaklah terpakai bagi suatu Rang Undang-Undang untuk sesuatu undang-undang yang sedemikian atau bagi sesuatu pindaan kepada sesuatu Rang Undang-Undang yang sedemikian, dan juga tidaklah terpakai mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini atau peruntukan mana-mana undang-undang bertulis yang menghendaki apa-apa keizinan atau persetujuan bagi meluluskan sesuatu undang-undang atau apa-apa rundingan mengenainya atau yang menyekat permulaan kuat kuasa sesuatu undang-undang selepas undang-undang itu diluluskan atau yang menyekat Rang Undang-Undang daripada dipersembahkan kepada Yang di-Pertuan Agong untuk diperkenankan olehnya.
(6) Tertakluk kepada Fasal (6A), tiada peruntukan mana-mana ordinan yang dimasyhurkan di bawah Perkara ini, dan tiada peruntukan mana-mana Akta Parlimen yang diluluskan semasa Proklamasi Darurat berkuat kuasa dan yang mengisytiharkan bahawa didapati oleh Parlimen undang-undang itu dikehendaki oleh sebab darurat, boleh menjadi tidak sah atas alasan ketidakselarasan dengan mana-mana peruntukan Perlembagaan ini.
(6A) Fasal (5) tidak boleh memperluas kuasa Parlimen mengenai apa-apa perkara hukum Syarak atau adat Melayu atau mengenai apa-apa perkara undang-undang atau adat anak negeri di Negeri Sabah atau Sarawak; dan juga Fasal (6) tidak boleh menjadikan sah mana-mana peruntukan yang tidak selaras dengan peruntukan Perlembagaan ini yang berhubungan dengan apa-apa perkara sedemikian atau berhubungan dengan agama, kewarganegaraan, atau bahasa.
… (Perkara 150)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- English1. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution relating to a state of emergency, the fundamental rights and liberties guaranteed by this Part shall not be subjected to any other limitations or restrictions than those in this Part provided.
2. The provisions of this Part relating to such limitations or restrictions shall be interpreted strictly and shall not be applied for any purpose other than those for which they have been prescribed. (Art. 33) - Greek1. Τηρουμένων των διατάξεως του Συντάγματος των σχετικών προς την κατάστασιν εκτάκτου ανάγκης, τα υπό του παρόντος μέρους ηγγυημένα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα και ελευθερίαι δεν υπόκεινται εις οιονδήποτε έτερον όρον, δέσμευσιν ή περιορισμόν πλην των εν τω παρόντι μέρει οριζομένων.
2. Αι διατάξεις του παρόντος μέρους αι αναφερόμεναι εις τοιούτους όρους, δεσμεύσεις ή περιορισμούς δέον να ερμηνεύωνται στενώς και να μη εφαρμόζωνται δι’ οιονδήποτε σκοπόν διάφορον εκείνου δι’ ον εθεσπίσθησαν. (Αρθρον 33) - Turkish1. Bu Kısımla sağlanan ana hak ve hürriyetler, Anayasanın olağanüstü hâl hakkındaki hükümleri dışında, bu Kısımda konulanların haricinde hiçbir kısıtlama veya sınırlamaya tabi tutulamaz.
2. Bu Kısmın kısıtlama veya sınırlamalara dair hükümleri dar bir çerçevede yorumlanır ve konma amaçlarının dışında herhangi bir maksatla uygulanamaz. (Madde 33)
Limitations and/or Derogations
- EnglishThe enumeration in this Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. (Art. II, Sec. 17)