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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Minorities
- EnglishNational minorities have the right, in the interests of their culture, to establish self-governing agencies under such conditions and pursuant to such procedure as are provided in the National Minorities Cultural Autonomy Act. (Sec. 50)
- EstonianVähemusrahvustel on õigus luua rahvuskultuuri huvides omavalitsusasutusi vähemusrahvuste kultuurautonoomia seaduses sätestatud tingimustel ja korras. (§ 50)
Minorities
- EnglishPersons belonging to minority nations and other minority national communities shall be guaranteed the rights and liberties, which they can exercise individually or collectively with others, as follows:
1) the right to exercise, protect, develop and publicly express national, ethnic, cultural and religious particularities;
2) the right to choose, use and publicly post national symbols and to celebrate national holidays;
3) the right to use their own language and alphabet in private, public and official use;
4) the right to education in their own language and alphabet in public institutions and the right to have included in the curricula the history and culture of the persons belonging to minority nations and other minority national communities;
5) the right, in the areas with significant share in the total population, to have the local selfgovernment authorities, state and court authorities carry out the proceedings in the language of minority nations and other minority national communities;
6) the right to establish educational, cultural and religious associations, with the material support of the state;
7) the right to write and use their own name and surname also in their own language and alphabet in the official documents;
8) the right, in the areas with significant share in total population, to have traditional local terms, names of streets and settlements, as well as topographic signs written in the language of minority nations and other minority national communities;
9) the right to authentic representation in the Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro and in the assemblies of the local self-government units in which they represent a significant share in the population, according to the principle of affirmative action;
10) the right to proportionate representation in public services, state authorities and local self-government bodies;
11) the right to information in their own language;
12) the right to establish and maintain contacts with the citizens and associations outside of Montenegro, with whom they have common national and ethnic background, cultural and historic heritage, as well as religious beliefs;
13) the right to establish councils for the protection and improvement of special rights. (Art. 79) - MontenegrinPripadnicima manjinskih naroda i drugih manjinskih nacionalnih zajednica jemče se prava i slobode koja mogu koristiti pojedinačno i u zajednici sa drugima:
1) na izražavanje, čuvanje, razvijanje i javno ispoljavanje nacionalne, etničke, kulturne i vjerske posebnosti;
2) na izbor, upotrebu i javno isticanje nacionalnih simbola i obilježavanje nacionalnih praznika;
3) na upotrebu svog jezika i pisma u privatnoj, javnoj i službenoj upotrebi;
4) na školovanje na svom jeziku i pismu u državnim ustanovama i da nastavni programi obuhvataju i istoriju i kulturu pripadnika manjinskih naroda i drugih manjinskih nacionalnih zajednica;
5) da u sredinama sa značajnim učešćem u stanovništvu organi lokalne samouprave, državni i sudski organi vode postupak i na jeziku manjinskih naroda i drugih manjinskih nacionalnih zajednica;
6) da osnivaju prosvjetna, kulturna i vjerska udruženja uz materijalnu pomoć države;
7) da sopstveno ime i prezime upisuju i koriste na svom jeziku i pismu u službenim ispravama;
8) da u sredinama sa značajnim učešćem u stanovništvu tradicionalni lokalni nazivi, imena ulica i naselja, kao i topografske oznake budu ispisani i na jeziku manjinskih naroda i drugih manjinskih nacionalnih zajednica;
9) na autentičnu zastupljenost u Skupštini Crne Gore i skupštinama jedinica lokalne samouprave u kojima čine značajan dio stanovništva, shodno principu afirmativne akcije;
10) na srazmjernu zastupljenost u javnim službama, organima državne vlasti i lokalne samouprave;
11) na informisanje na svom jeziku;
12) da uspostavljaju i održavaju kontakte sa građanima i udruženjima van Crne Gore sa kojima imaju zajedničko nacionalno i etničko porijeklo, kulturno- istorijsko nasljeđe, kao i vjerska ubjeđenja;
13) na osnivanje savjeta za zaštitu i unapređenje posebnih prava. (Član 79)
Minorities
- EnglishThe Republic of Serbia shall protect the rights of national minorities.
The State shall guarantee special protection to national minorities for the purpose of exercising full equality and preserving their identity. (Art. 14) - Serbian CyrillicРепублика Србија штити права националних мањина.
Држава јемчи посебну заштиту националним мањинама ради остваривања потпуне равноправности и очувања њиховог идентитета. (Члан 14)
Minorities
- EnglishEveryone has the right to freely express affiliation with his nation or national community, to foster and give expression to his culture, and to use his language and script. (Art. 61)
- SloveneVsakdo ima pravico, da svobodno izraža pripadnost k svojemu narodu ali narodni skupnosti, da goji in izraža svojo kulturo in uporablja svoj jezik in pisavo. (61. Člen)
Minorities
- EnglishThe President of the Republic and the Vice President belong to different ethnic groups, political parties and coalitions of political parties or [are] independents of different ethnicities. (Art. 124)
- KirundiUmukuru w’Igihugu ava mu bwoko canke mu migambwe, mu nani z’imigambwe canke mu bitoje ku giti cabo bitandukanye n’ivy’Icegera c’Umukuru w’Igihugu. (Ingingo ya 124)
- FrenchLe Président de la République, et le Vice-Président appartiennent aux groupes ethniques, aux partis politiques et indépendants différents. (Art. 124)
Minorities
- EnglishZoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian Iranians are the only recognized religious minorities, who, within the limits of the law, are free to perform their religious rites and ceremonies, and to act according to their own canon in matters of personal affairs and religious education. (Art. 13)
- Persianایرانیان زرتشتی، کلیمی و مسیحی تنها اقلیتهای دینی شناخته میشوند که در حدود قانون در انجام مراسم دینی خود آزادند و در احوال شخصیه و تعلیمات دینی بر طبق آیین خود عمل میکنند. (اصل 13)
Minorities
- English…
The laws establish the conditions of assistance and of protection accorded to workers, and most particularly to the most young, to the most elderly, to the handicapped and to the minorities. (Art. 11) - French…
Des lois fixent les conditions d’assistance et de protection accordées aux travailleurs, plus particulièrement aux plus jeunes, aux plus âgés, aux personnes handicapées et aux minorités. (Art. 11)
Minorities
- English
…
(6) A federal law shall provide that in filing candidacy by political parties for the election to the Provincial Assembly under the proportional electoral system, representation shall be ensured on the basis of a closed list also from women, Dalit, indigenous nationalities (Aadibasi Janajati), Khas Arya, Madhesi, Tharu, Muslims and backward regions, minority communities, on the basis of population. In so filing candidacy, regard shall also be had to geographical balance of the concerned Province.
Explanation: For the purposes of this clause, "Khas Arya" means Kshetri, Brahmin, Thakuri, Sanyasi (Dashnami) community.
… (Art. 176) - Nepali
…
(६) समानुपातिक निर्वाचन प्रणाली बमोजिम हुने प्रदेश सभाको निर्वाचनका लागि राजनीतिक दलले उम्मेदवारी दिंदा जनसंख्याको आधारमा महिला, दलित, आदिवासी जनजाति, खस आर्य, मधेसी, थारू, मुस्लिम, पिछडिएको क्षेत्र, अल्पसंख्यक समुदाय समेतबाट बन्द सूचीका आधारमा प्रतिनिधित्व हुने व्यवस्था संघीय कानून बमोजिम हुनेछ । त्यसरी उम्मेदवारी दिंदा सम्बन्धित प्रदेशको भौगोलिक सन्तुलनलाई समेत ध्यान दिनु पर्नेछ ।
स्पष्टीकरण : यस भागको प्रयोजनका लागि “खस आर्य” भन्नाले क्षेत्री, ब्राम्हण, ठकुरी, संन्यासी (दशनामी) समुदाय सम्झनु पर्छ ।
... (धारा १७६)
Minorities
- English…
(2) A Municipal Assembly under clause (1) shall consist of the Mayor and the Deputy Mayor of the Municipal Executive, Ward Chairpersons, and four members elected from each Ward and members of the Municipal Executive elected from Dalit or minority communities pursuant to clause (4) of Article 216.
… (Art. 223) - Nepali…
(२) उपधारा (१) बमोजिमको नगर सभामा नगरकार्यपालिकाका प्रमुख र उपप्रमुख, वडा अध्यक्ष र प्रत्येक वडाबाट निर्वाचित चारजना सदस्य र धारा २१६ को उपधारा (४) बमोजिम दलित वा अल्पसंख्यक समुदायबाट निर्वाचित नगर कार्यपालिकाका सदस्य रहनेछन् ।
… (धारा २२३)
Minorities
- English(1) The following state institutions strengthen constitutional democracy in the Republic:
…
(c) The Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities.
… (Sec. 181)