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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Equality and Non-Discrimination
Botswana
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (4), (5) and (7) of this section, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
(2) Subject to the provisions of subsections (6), (7) and (8) of this section, no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
(3) In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons, attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, tribe, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
(c) with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
(d) for the application in the case of members of a particular race, community or tribe of customary law with respect to any matter whether to the exclusion of any law in respect to that matter which is applicable in the case of other persons or not; or
(e) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.
(5) Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of subsection (1) of this section to the extent that it makes reasonable provision with respect to qualifications for service as a public officer or as a member of a disciplined force or for the service of a local government authority or a body corporate established directly by any law.
(6) Subsection (2) of this section shall not apply to anything which is expressly or by necessary implication authorized to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in subsection (4) or (5) of this section.
(7) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes provision whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by sections 9, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of this Constitution, being such a restriction as is authorized by section 9(2), 11(5), 12(2) 13(2), or 14(3), as the case may be.
(8) Nothing in subsection (2) of this section shall affect any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance of civil or criminal proceedings in any court that is vested in any person by or under this Constitution or any other law.
(9) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with the provisions of this section-
(a) if that law was in force immediately before the coming into operation of this Constitution and has continued in force at all times since the coming into operation of this Constitution; or
(b) to the extent that the law repeals and re-enacts any provision which has been contained in any written law at all times since immediately before the coming into operation of this Constitution. (Sec. 15)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Ethiopia
- EnglishWe, the Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia: …
Firmly convinced that the fulfillment of this objective requires full respect of individual and people’s fundamental freedoms and rights, to live together on the basis of equality and without any sexual, religious or cultural discrimination;
… (Preamble) - Amharicእኛ የኢትዮጵያ ብሔሮች፣ …
ይህን ዓላማ ከግብ ለማድረስ፣ የግለሰብና የብሔር/ብሔረሰብ መሰረታዊ መብቶች መከበራቸው፣ የጾታ እኩልነት መረጋገጡ፣ ባሕሎችና ሃይማኖቶች ካለአንዳች ልዩነት እንዲራመዱ የማድረጉ አስፈላጊነት ጽኑ እምነታችን በመሆኑ
… (መግቢያ)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- English…
A State based on respect and equality for all, on principles of sovereignty, dignity, interdependence, solidarity, harmony, and equity in the distribution and redistribution of the social wealth, … (Preamble) - Spanish…
Un Estado basado en el respeto e igualdad entre todos, con principios de soberanía, dignidad, complementariedad, solidaridad, armonía y equidad en la distribución y redistribución del producto social, … (Preámbulo)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Czech Republic
- English(1) All parties to a proceeding have equal rights before the court.
… (1993 Constitution, Art. 96) - Czech(1) Všichni účastníci řízení mají před soudem rovná práva.
… (Ústava 1993, Čl. 96)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Cameroon
- English…
(2) The Republic of Cameroon shall be a decentralized unitary State.
It shall be one and indivisible, secular, democratic and dedicated to social service.
It shall recognize and protect traditional values that conform to democratic principles, human rights and the law.
It shall ensure the equality of all citizens before the law.
… (Art. 1) - French...
(2) La République du Cameroun est un Etat unitaire décentralisé.
Elle est une et indivisible, laïque, démocratique et sociale.
Elle reconnaît et protège les valeurs traditionnelles conformes aux principes démocratiques, aux droits de lʼhomme et à la loi.
Elle assure lʼégalité de tous les citoyens devant la loi.
... (Art. 1)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Ghana
- EnglishIn this Constitution and in any other law—
…
(e) words importing male persons include female persons and corporations.
… (Art. 297)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Costa Rica
- EnglishAll persons are equal before the law and no discrimination whatever contrary to human dignity may be practiced. (Art. 33)
- SpanishToda persona es igual ante la ley y no podrá practicarse discriminación alguna contraria a la dignidad humana. (Art. 33)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Greece
- English…
2. Adoption of positive measures for promoting equality between men and women does not constitute discrimination on grounds of sex. The State shall take measures for the elimination of inequalities actually existing, in particular to the detriment of women.
… (Art. 116) - Greek…
2. Δεν αποτελεί διάκριση λόγω φύλου η λήψη θετικών μέτρων για την προώθηση της ισότητας μεταξύ ανδρών και γυναικών. Το Κράτος μεριμνά για την άρση των ανισοτήτων που υφίστανται στην πράξη, ιδίως σε βάρος των γυναικών.
… ('Αρθρο 116)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Libya
- EnglishLibyans shall be equal before the law. They shall enjoy equal civil and political rights, shall have the same opportunities, and be subject to the same public duties and obligations, without discrimination due to religion, sect, language, wealth, sex, kinship, political opinions, social status, and tribal, provincial or familial affiliation. … (Art. 6)
- Arabicاللّيبيون سواء أمام القانون، ومتساوون في التمتّع بالحقوق المدنية والسياسيّة، وفي تكافؤ الفرص، وفيما عليهم من الواجبات والمسؤوليات العامّة، لا تمييز بينهم بسبب الدِّين أو المذهب أو اللّغة أو الثّروة أو الجنس أو الّنسب أو الآراء السياسية أو الوضع الاجتماعي أو الانتماء القبلي أو الجهوي أو الأسرى. ... (المادّة 6)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
Ecuador
- EnglishThe following rights of persons are recognized and guaranteed:
…
4. The right to formal equality, material equality and nondiscrimination.
… (Art. 66) - SpanishSe reconoce y garantizará a las personas:
…
4. Derecho a la igualdad formal, igualdad material y no discriminación.
… (Art. 66)