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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishThe State shall discourage parochial, racial, tribal sectarian and provincial prejudices among the citizens. (Art. 33)
- Urduمملکت شہریوں کے درمیان علاقائی، نسلی، قبائلی، فرقہ وارانہ اور صوبائی تعصبات کی حوصلہ شکنی کرے گی۔ (آرٹیکل ۳۳)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English1. Subject to the provisions of subsections (4), (5) and (8) of this section, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
2. Subject to the provisions of subsections (6), (7) and (8) of this section, no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
3. In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
4. Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
c. for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in the preceding subsection (or of persons connected with such persons), of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law applicable to persons of that description;d. with respect to land, the tenure of land, the resumption and acquisition of land and other like purposes; or
e. whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in the preceding subsection may be subjected to any disability or restriction or may be accorded any privilege or advantage which, having regard to its nature and to special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any other such description, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.
5. Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of subsection (1) of this section to the extent that it makes provision with respect to standards or qualifications (not being standards or qualifications specifically relating to race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed) to be required of any person who is appointed to any office in the public service, any office in a disciplined force, any office in the service of a local government council or any office in a body corporate established directly by any law for public purposes.
6. Subsection (2) of this section shall not apply to anything which is expressly or by necessary implication authorized to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in subsection (4) or (5) of this section.
7. Subsection (2) of this section shall not affect any discretion relating to the institution, conduct or discontinuance of civil or criminal proceedings in any court that is vested in any person by or under this Constitution or any other law.
8. Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes provision whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by sections 9, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of this Constitution, being such a restriction as is authorized by section 9 (2), 11 (6), 12 (2), 13 (2) or 14 (3), as the case may be.
9. Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with the provisions of this section-
a. if that law was in force immediately before the coming into operation of this Constitution and has continued in force at all times since the coming into operation of this Constitution; or
b. to the extent that the law repeals and re-enacts any provision which has been contained in any enactment at all times since immediately before the coming into operation of this Constitution. (Sec. 15)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English…
13) …
Any act of racial, ethnic, or religious discrimination[,] also of any regionalist propaganda infringing on the internal or external security of the State or the integrity of the Republic is punishable by the law;
… (Art. 1) - French…
13°) …
Tout acte de discrimination raciale, ethnique ou religieuse, de même que toute propagande régionaliste pouvant porter atteinte à la sécurité intérieure ou extérieure de l’Etat ou à l’intégrité de la République sont punis par la loi;
… (Art. 1)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishI. Every human being, without distinction, has legal status and capacity under the law and enjoys the rights recognized in this Constitution.
II. The State prohibits and punishes all forms of discrimination based on sex, color, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, origin, culture, nationality, citizenship, language, religious belief, ideology, political affiliation or philosophy, civil status, economic or social condition, type of occupation, level of education, disability, pregnancy, and any other discrimination that attempts to or results in the annulment of or harm to the equal recognition, enjoyment or exercise of the rights of all people.
III. The State guarantees everyone and all collectives, without discrimination, the free and effective exercise of the rights established in this Constitution, the laws and international human rights treaties.
… (Art. 14) - SpanishI. Todo ser humano tiene personalidad y capacidad jurídica con arreglo a las leyes y goza de los derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución, sin distinción alguna.
II. El Estado prohíbe y sanciona toda forma de discriminación fundada en razón de sexo, color, edad, orientación sexual, identidad de género, origen, cultura, nacionalidad, ciudadanía, idioma, credo religioso, ideología, filiación política o filosófica, estado civil, condición económica o social, tipo de ocupación, grado de instrucción, discapacidad, embarazo, u otras que tengan por objetivo o resultado anular o menoscabar el reconocimiento, goce o ejercicio, en condiciones de igualdad, de los derechos de toda persona.
III. El Estado garantiza a todas las personas y colectividades, sin discriminación alguna, el libre y eficaz ejercicio de los derechos establecidos en esta Constitución, las leyes y los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos.
… (Art. 14)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English… The completion of this Constitution is the culmination of the people’s struggle on the road to freedom and democracy. It is a real embodiment of achievements, a response to shifts and changes, an evidence of organizing the march of the state towards the future, a regulator of the movement of its institutions and a source of legislation. All of this is attainable through a system of fundamental principles that enshrines independence, sovereignty and the rule of the people based on election, political and party pluralism and the protection of national unity, cultural diversity, public freedoms, human rights, social justice, equality, equal opportunities, citizenship and the rule of law, where the society and the citizen are the objective and purpose for which every national effort is dedicated. Preserving the dignity of the society and the citizen is an indicator of the civilization of the country and the prestige of the state. (Preamble)
- Arabic... ويأتي إنجاز هذا الدستور تتويجاً لنضال الشعب على طريق الحرية والديمقراطية وتجسيداً حقيقياً للمكتسبات واستجابة للتحولات والمتغيرات، ودليلاً يُنظم مسيرة الدولة نحو المستقبل، وضابطاً لحركة مؤسساتها ومَصدراً لتشريعاتها، وذلك من خلال منظومة من المبادئ الأساسية تُكرس الاستقلال والسيادة وحكم الشعب القائم على الانتخاب والتعددية السياسية والحزبية وحماية الوحدة الوطنية والتنوع الثقافي والحريات العامة وحقوق الإنسان والعدالة الاجتماعية والمساواة وتكافؤ الفرص والمواطنة وسيادة القانون، يكون فيها المجتمع والمواطن هدفاً وغاية يُكرَّس من أجلهما كل جهد وطني، ويُعد الحفاظ على كرامتهما مؤشراً لحضارة الوطن وهيبة الدّولة. (المقدّمة)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishEvery person shall be equal under the law and shall be entitled to equal protection. The government shall take no action to discriminate against any person on the basis of sex, race, place of origin, language, religion or belief, social status or clan affiliation except for the preferential treatment of citizens, for the protection of minors, elderly, indigent, physically or mentally handicapped, and other similar groups, and in matters concerning intestate succession and domestic relations. No person shall be treated unfairly in legislative or executive investigation. (Art. IV, Sec. 5)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishMen and women are equal before the law in all aspects of political, economic, social and cultural life. (Art. 25)
- PortugueseO homem e a mulher são iguais perante a lei em todos os domínios da vida política, económica, social e cultural. (Art. 25)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishWomen and men have equal rights and responsibilities in the economic, political, cultural, occupational, social, and familial domains, as well as in any other domain. The State guarantees that both will be offered the same opportunities and possibilities.
… (Art. 43) - SpanishLa mujer y el hombre tienen iguales derechos y responsabilidades en lo económico, político, cultural, laboral, social, familiar y en cualquier otro ámbito. El Estado garantiza que se ofrezcan a ambos las mismas oportunidades y posibilidades.
… (Art. 43)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishAll persons are equal in law. There shall be no distinction among the citizens of the UAE on the basis of race, nationality, faith or social status. (Art. 25)
- Arabicجميع الأفراد لدى القانون سواء ولا تمييز بين مواطني الاتحاد بسبب الأصل أو المواطن أو العقيدة الدينية أو المركز الاجتماعي. (المادّة 25)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English
The citizens are equal before the law and have right to an equal protection of it, without any discrimination because of birth, of race, of gender, of opinion or of any other condition or personal or social circumstance being able to prevail. (Art. 37)
- Arabic
كل المواطنين سواسية أمام القانون، ولهم الحق في حماية متساوية. ولا يمكن أن يُتذرّع بأيّ تمييز يعود سببه إلى المولِد، أو العِرق، أو الجِنس، أو الرّأي، أو أيّ شرط أو ظرف آخر، شخصيّ أو اجتماعيّ. (المــادة 37)
- French
Les citoyens sont égaux devant la loi et ont droit à une égale protection de celle-ci, sans que puisse prévaloir aucune discrimination pour cause de naissance, de race, de sexe, d'opinion ou de toute autre condition ou circonstance personnelle ou sociale. (Art. 37)