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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Political Rights and Association
Romania
- English(1) Citizens may freely associate into political parties, trade unions, employers' associations, and other forms of association.
... (Art. 40) - Romanian(1) Cetăţenii se pot asocia liber în partide politice, în sindicate, în patronate şi în alte forme de asociere.
… (Art. 40)
Political Rights and Association
Comoros
- EnglishSovereignty belongs to the people who exercise it by their representatives or by way [voie] of referendum. No section of the people nor any individual may arrogate its exercise.
Suffrage may be direct or indirect within the conditions provided for by the Constitution and the law. It is always universal, equal and secret.
All Comorians of the two sexes enjoying their civil and political rights[,] are electors, within the conditions determined by the law. (Art. 3) - Arabicالسيادة للشعب الذي يمارسها من خلال ممثليه أو عن طريق الاستفتاء. لا يجوز أن يعزو أي قسم من الشعب ولا أي فرد ممارستها.
يكون الاقتراع مباشراً أو غير مباشر في إطار الشروط التي ينص عليها الدستور والقانون وهو دائماً شاملاً ومتساوياً وسرياً.
جميع القمريين المتمتعين بحقوقهم المدنية والسياسية هم ناخبون في إطار الشروط المحددة في القانون. (المادة 3) - FrenchLa souveraineté appartient au peuple qui l'exerce par ses représentants et par la voie du referendum. Aucune section du peuple ni aucun individu ne peut s’en attribuer l’exercice.
Le suffrage peut être direct ou indirect dans les conditions prévues par la constitution et la loi. Il est toujours universel, égal et secret.
Sont électeurs, dans les conditions déterminées par la loi, tous les Comoriens des deux sexes jouissant de leurs droits civils et politiques. (Art. 3)
Political Rights and Association
Malta
- EnglishThe State shall promote the equal right of men and women to enjoy all economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights and for this purpose shall take appropriate measures to eliminate all forms of discrimination between the sexes by any person, organisation or enterprise;
… (Art. 14) - MalteseL-Istat għandu jippromwovi dritt ugwali ta’ rġiel u nisa li jgawdu d-drittijiet ekonomiċi, soċjali, kulturali, ċivili u politiċi kollha u għal dan il-għan għandu jieħu dawk il-miżuri li jkunu ndikati biex jelimina kull forma ta’ diskriminazzjoni bejn is-sessi, minn kull persuna, organizzazzjoni jew azjenda;
… (Art. 14)
Political Rights and Association
San Marino
- EnglishSuffrage shall be universal, secret and direct.
Each citizen, at the age and under the requirements laid down by the law, shall have the right to vote and be voted. (Art. 7) - ItalianIl suffragio è universale, segreto e diretto.
Ogni cittadino, all'età e alle condizioni stabilite dalla legge, ha diritto di elettorato attivo e passivo. (Art. 7)
Political Rights and Association
Thailand
- EnglishA person shall enjoy the liberty to unite and form an association, co-operative, union, organisation, community, or any other group. ... (Sec. 42)
- Thaiบุคคลย่อมมีเสรีภาพในการรวมกันเป็นสมาคม สหกรณ์ สหภาพ องค์กร ชุมชน หรือหมู่คณะอื่น … (มาตรา ๔๒)
Political Rights and Association
Dominica
- English(1) Except with his own consent, a person shall not be hindered in the enjoyment of his freedom of assembly and association, that is to say, his right to assemble freely and associate with other persons and in particular to form or belong to trade unions or other associations for the protection of his interests.
… (Sec. 11)
Political Rights and Association
Eswatini
- English(1) Women have the right to equal treatment with men and that right shall include equal opportunities in political, economic and social activities.
… (Sec. 28)
Political Rights and Association
Togo
- EnglishSuffrage is universal, equal and secret. It may be direct or indirect. All Togolese nationals of the two sexes, at least eighteen (18) years of age and enjoying their civil and political rights[,] are electors within the conditions established by the law. (Art. 5)
- FrenchLe suffrage est universel, égal et secret. Il peut être direct ou indirect. Sont électeurs dans les conditions fixées par la loi, tous les nationaux togolais des deux sexes, âgés de dix-huit (18) ans révolus et jouissant de leurs droits civils et politiques. (Art. 5)
Political Rights and Association
Mozambique
- English1. The State shall promote, support and value the development of women, and shall encourage their growing role in society, in all spheres of political, economic, social and cultural life of the country.
2. The State shall recognise and hold in high esteem the participation of women in the national liberation struggle and in the defence of sovereignty and democracy. (Art. 122) - Portuguese1. O Estado promove, apoia e valoriza o desenvolvimento da mulher e incentiva o seu papel crescente na sociedade, em todas as esferas da actividade política, económica, social e cultural do país.
2. O Estado reconhece e valoriza a participação da mulher na luta de libertação nacional, pela defesa da soberania e pela democracia. (Art. 122)
Political Rights and Association
Marshall Islands
- English(1) Elections of members of the Nitijela shall be conducted by secret ballot under a system of universal suffrage for all citizens of the Republic of the Marshall Islands who have attained the age of 18 years, and who are otherwise qualified to vote pursuant to this Section.
… (Art. IV, Sec. 3)