SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 523 RESULTS
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
North Macedonia
- EnglishThe right to ownership of property and the right of inheritance are guaranteed.
… (Art 30) - MacedonianСе гарантира правото на сопственост и правото на наследување.
… (Член 30)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Gambia
- English…
(4) The Cadi Court shall only have jurisdiction to apply the Sharia in matters of marriage, divorce and inheritance where the parties or other persons interested are Muslims.
… (Sec. 137)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Cuba
- EnglishPrivate property over land is regulated by a special framework.
Leasing, sharecropping, and mortgage loans to individuals are prohibited.
The onerous trading or transmission of this good may only be realized in compliance with the requirements established by the law, and without prejudice to the preferential right of the State to the acquisition of land through the payment of a just price.
Non-onerous transfer of ownership or of rights of use and enjoyment of this property is carried out with prior authorization of the competent authority and in accordance with that which is prescribed in the law. (Art. 29) - SpanishLa propiedad privada sobre la tierra se regula por un régimen especial.
Se prohíbe el arrendamiento, la aparcería y los préstamos hipotecarios a particulares.
La compraventa u otra trasmisión onerosa de este bien solo podrá realizarse previo cumplimiento de los requisitos que establece la ley y sin perjuicio del derecho preferente del Estado a su adquisición mediante el pago de su justo precio.
Los actos traslativos de dominio no onerosos o de derechos de uso y disfrute sobre este bien se realizan previa autorización de la autoridad competente y de conformidad con lo establecido en la ley. (Art. 29)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Israel
- EnglishThere shall be no violation of the property of a person. (Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty (1992), Sec. 3)
- Hebrewאין פוגעים בקניינו של אדם. (חוק יסוד: כבוד האדם וחירותו (1992), סעיף 3)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Russian Federation
- English1. The right of private property shall be protected by law.
2. Everyone shall have the right to have property and to possess, use and dispose of it both individually and jointly with other persons.
...
4. The right of inheritance shall be guaranteed. (Art. 35) - Russian1. Право частной собственности охраняется законом.
2. Каждый вправе иметь имущество в собственности, владеть, пользоваться и распоряжаться им как единолично, так и совместно с другими лицами.
...
4. Право наследования гарантируется. (Статья 35)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Kenya
- EnglishPrivate land consists of —
(a) registered land held by any person under any freehold tenure;
(b) land held by any person under leasehold tenure; and
(c) any other land declared private land under an Act of Parliament. (Art. 64) - SwahiliArdhi yenye umiliki binafsi inajumuisha -
(a) ardhi iliyosajiliwa ambayo inamilikiwa na mtu yeyote chini ya umiliki wowote chini ya muda usiokuwa na kikomo;
(b) ardhi inayomilikiwa na mtu yeyote chini ya umiliki wa kukodisha; na
(c) ardhi nyingine yoyote iliyotangazwa kuwa ni ya umiliki binafsi chini ya Sheria ya Bunge. (Kifungu cha 64)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
El Salvador
- EnglishThe State recognizes, encourages and guarantees the right to private property over rustic land [tierra rústica], whether it is individual, cooperative, communal or in any other associative form, and it may not by any concept reduce the maximum extent [extensión] of land [that is] established by this Constitution as a right of property.
The maximum extent of rustic land belonging to the same natural or juridical person may not exceed two hundred and forty-five hectares. This limitation will not be applicable to cooperative or communal peasant associations.
The owners of land to whom the second paragraph of this Article refers, may freely transfer, alienate [enajenarla], split [partirla], divide or rent the land. The land that is property of the cooperative associations, peasant communities and beneficiaries of the Agrarian Reform will be subject to a special regime.
The owners of rustic lands having an extent of more than two hundred and fortyfive hectares, will have the right to immediately determine the part of the land [that] they wish to conserve, segregating [it] and registering [it] separately in the corresponding Register of Real Estate and Mortgages [Registro de la Propiedad Raíz e Hipotecas].
The rustic real property [inmuebles rústicos], which exceeds the limits established by this Constitution and that is found in common ownership [proindivisión], may be the object of partition among its co-owners.
The lands which exceed the extent established by this Constitution may be transferred under any title to peasants, farmers, cooperative corporations [sociedades] and associations and [to] peasant communities. The transfer referred to by this paragraph, must be realized within a period of three years. A special law will determine the allocation of the lands which have not been transferred, at the end of the previously established period.
In no case may the exceeding lands referred to in the prior paragraph be transferred under any title to relatives within the fourth degree of consanguinity or [the] second degree of affinity.
… (Art. 105) - SpanishEl Estado reconoce, fomenta y garantiza el derecho de propiedad privada sobre la tierra rústica, ya sea individual, cooperativa, comunal o en cualquier otra forma asociativa, y no podrá por ningún concepto reducir la extensión máxima de tierra que como derecho de propiedad establece esta Constitución.
La extensión máxima de tierra rústica perteneciente a una misma persona natural o jurídica no podrá exceder de doscientas cuarenta y cinco hectáreas. Esta limitación no será aplicable a las asociaciones cooperativas o comunales campesinas.
Los propietarios de tierras a que se refiere el inciso segundo de este artículo, podrán transferirla, enajenarla, partirla, dividirla o arrendarla libremente. La tierra propiedad de las asociaciones cooperativas, comunales campesinas y beneficiarios de la Reforma Agraria estará sujeta a un régimen especial.
Los propietarios de tierras rústicas cuya extensión sea mayor de doscientas cuarenta y cinco hectáreas, tendrán derecho a determinar de inmediato la parte de la tierra que deseen conservar, segregándola e inscribiéndola por separado en el correspondiente Registro de la Propiedad Raíz e Hipotecas.
Los inmuebles rústicos que excedan el límite establecido por esta Constitución y se encuentren en proindivisión, podrán ser objeto de partición entre los copropietarios.
Las tierras que excedan la extensión establecida por esta Constitución podrán ser transferidas a cualquier título a campesinos, agricultores en pequeño, sociedades y asociaciones cooperativas y comunales campesinas. La transferencia a que se refiere este inciso, deberá realizarse dentro de un plazo de tres años. Una ley especial determinará el destino de las tierras que no hayan sido transferidas, al finalizar el período anteriormente establecido.
En ningún caso las tierras excedentes a que se refiere el inciso anterior podrán ser transferidas a cualquier título a parientes dentro del cuarto grado de consanguinidad o segundo de afinidad.
… (Art. 105)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Lebanon
- EnglishThe ownership is protected by the law. … (Art. 15)
- Arabicالملكية في حمى القانون. ... (المادّة 15)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Fiji
- English…
(3) A person must not be unfairly discriminated against, directly or indirectly on the grounds of his or her—
(a) actual or supposed personal characteristics or circumstances, including race, culture, ethnic or social origin, colour, place of origin, sex, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, birth, primary language, economic or social or health status, disability, age, religion, conscience, marital status or pregnancy;
(b) opinions or beliefs, except to the extent that those opinions or beliefs involve harm to others or the diminution of the rights or freedoms of others, or on any other ground prohibited by this Constitution.
(4) A law or an administrative action taken under a law may not directly or indirectly impose a limitation or restriction on any person on a prohibited ground.
…
(8) A law, or an administrative action taken under a law, is not inconsistent with the rights mentioned in this section on the ground that it—
…
(e) makes provision with respect to adoption, marriage, devolution of property9 on death, and pension;
…
(g) to the extent necessary and without infringing the rights or freedoms set out in any other section of this Chapter, gives effect to the communal ownership of iTaukei, Rotuman and Banaban lands and access to marine resources, or the bestowing of iTaukei, Rotuman and Banaban chiefly title or rank. (Sec. 26) - iTaukei…
(3) Na veivakaduiduitaki e vakatabui vakalawa kevaka e yaco vua e dua na tamata ena vuku ni—
(a) nona ivakarau se kena ituvaki, oka kina na veimatatamata e lewena, nona itovo vakavanua, kawatamata, kuliniyago, na nona yavutu, kevaka e yalewa se tagane, kevaka e tagane, na nona digitaka me vinakata na tagane, kevaka e yalewa, na nona digitaka me vinakata na yalewa, se nona digitaka me vinakata ruarua na yalewa kei na tagane, nomu digitaka se vakaraitaka mo bulataka na bula vakatagane se bula vakayalewa, kevaka e gone susu se sucu ena daku ni vakamau, vosanisucu, ituvaki ni bula se bula vakailavo, vakaleqai vakayago, yabaki ni bula, nomu vakabauta, lewa e loma, vakawati se sega, se kevaka e bukete; se
(b) nomu vakasama se vakabauta, vakavo kevaka na vakasama se vakabauta qo e vakamavoataka tale e so na tamata se na kena vakalailaitaka na nona dodonu se galala tale e so, se ena dua tale na tikina e vakatabui ena Yavunivakavulewa qo.
(4) Na lawa se dua na vakatulewa e vakayacori ena dua na lawa ena sega ni rawa ni vakayagataka na yavu e vakamacalataki ena wasetiki (3) me yalana na nona dodonu e dua.
…
(8) Na lawa se na vakatulewa e vakayacori ena dua na lawa tabaki, e sega ni veicoqacoqa kei na dodonu e virikotori ena tikina qo kevaka e—
…
(e) vakarautaka na veika vakaivola me baleta na gone vakacabecabe, vakamau, dewa na taukeni ni iyau ena vuku ni mate kei na peniseni;
…
(g) me yalani ena gauna e gadrevi kina ka me kua ni veicoqacoqa kei na dodonu se na galala e virikotori ena dua na tikina ena Wase qo, e vakatara na kena taukeni vakavanua na kedra qele kei na nodra vakayagataka na iyaubula mai waitui o ira na iTaukei, Rotuma kei na Rabi se na ivakarau ni kena soli na itutu ni veiliutaki ni iTaukei, Rotuma kei na Rabi. (Sec. 26)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Malawi
- English1. Every person shall be able to acquire property alone or in association with others.
… (Sec. 28)