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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English…
And to provide for a Constitution for the purpose of promoting the good government and welfare of all persons in our country, on the principles of freedom, equality and justice, and for the purpose of consolidating the unity of our people
… (Preamble)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English
Every person has the right:
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2. To equality before the law. No one may be discriminated against for motives of origin, race, sex, language, religion, opinion, economic situation or any other nature [índole].
… (Art. 2) - Spanish
Toda persona tiene derecho:
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2. A la igualdad ante la ley. Nadie debe ser discriminado por motivo de origen, raza, sexo, idioma, religión, opinión, condición económica o de cualquiera otra índole.
… (Art. 2)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishIt shall be the duty of every citizen of India—
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(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
… (Art. 51A) - Hindiभारत के प्रत्येक नागरिक का यह कर्तव्य होगा कि वह—
...
(ड.) भारत के सभी लोगों में समरसता और समान भ्रातृत्व की भावना का निर्माण करे जो धर्म, भाषा और प्रदेश या वर्ग पर आधारित सभी भेदभाव से परे हो; ऐसी प्रथाओं को त्याग करे जो स्त्रियों के सम्मान के विरुद्ध है;
… (अनुच्छेद 51क)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-articles (4), (5) and (7) of this article, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
(2) Subject to the provisions of sub-articles (6), (7) and (8) of this article, no person shall be treated in a discriminatory manner by any person acting by virtue of any written law or in the performance of the functions of any public office or any public authority.
(3) In this article, the expression "discriminatory" means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Sub-article (1) of this article shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision –
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(c) with respect to adoption, marriage, dissolution of marriage, burial, devolution of property on death or any matters of personal law not hereinbefore specified; or
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(e) for authorising the taking during a period of public emergency of measures that are reasonably justifiable for the purpose of dealing with the situation that exists during that period of public emergency;
Provided that paragraph (c) of this sub-article shall not apply to any law which makes any provision that is discriminatory, either of itself or in its effect by affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective description by sex.
(5) Nothing contained in any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of sub-article (1) of this article to the extent that it makes provision:
(a) with respect to qualifications for service or conditions of service in any disciplined force; or
(b) with respect to qualifications (not being qualifications specifically relating to sex, sexual orientation or gender identity) for service as a public officer or for service of a local government authority or a body corporate established for public purposes by any law.
(6) Sub-article (2) of this article shall not apply to anything which is expressly or by necessary implication authorised to be done by any such provision of law as is referred to in sub-article (4) or (5) of this article.
(7) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this article to the extent that the law in question makes provision (not being provisions specifically relating to sex) whereby persons of any such description as is mentioned in sub-article (3) of this article may be subjected to any restriction on the rights and freedoms guaranteed by articles 38, 40, 41, 42 and 44 of this Constitution, being such a restriction as is authorised by article 38(2), 40(2), 41(2), 42(2) or 44(3).
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(10) Until the expiration of a period of two years commencing on the 1st July, 1991, nothing contained in any law made before the 1st July, 1991, shall be held to be inconsistent with the provisions of this article, in so far as that law provides for different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective description by sex.
(11) Nothing in the provisions of this article shall apply to any law or anything done under the authority of a law, or to any procedure or arrangement, in so far as such law, thing done, procedure or arrangement provides for the taking of special measures aimed at accelerating de facto equality between men and women, and in so far only as such measures, taking into account the social fabric of Malta, are shown to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society. (Art. 45) - Maltese(1) Bla ħsara għad-disposizzjonijiet tas-subartikoli (4), (5) u (7) ta’ dan l-artikolu, ebda liġi ma għandha tagħmel xi disposizzjoni li tkun diskriminatorja sew fiha nnifisha jew fl-effett tagħha.
(2) Bla ħsara għad-disposizzjonijiet tas-subartikoli (6), (7) u (8) ta’ dan l-artikolu, ħadd ma għandu jiġi trattat b’mod diskriminatorju minn xi persuna li taġixxi bis-saħħa ta’ xi liġi miktuba jew fil-qadi tal-funzjonijiet ta’ xi kariga pubblika jew xi awtorità pubblika.
(3) F’dan l-artikolu, il-kelma "diskriminatorju" tfisser għoti ta’ trattament differenti lil persuni differenti attribwibbli għal kollox jew prinċipalment għad-deskrizzjoni tagħhom rispettiva skont ir-razza, post ta’ oriġini, opinjonijiet politiċi, kulur, fidi, sess, orjentazzjoni sesswali jew identità tal-ġeneru li minħabba fihom persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni waħda bħal dawn ikunu suġġetti għal inkapaċitajiet jew restrizzjonijiet li persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni oħra bħal dawn ma jkunux suġġetti għalihom jew ikunu mogħtija privileġġi jew vantaġġi li ma jkunux mogħtija lil persuni ta’ deskrizzjoni oħra bħal dawn.
(4) Is-subartikolu (1) ta’ dan l-artikolu ma għandux jgħodd għal xi liġi safejn dik il-liġi tipprovdi –
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(ċ) dwar adozzjoni, żwieġ, xoljiment ta’ żwieġ, dfin, devoluzzjoni ta’ proprjetà mal-mewt jew xi ħwejjeġ ta’ liġi personali mhux hawn qabel speċifikati; jew
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(e) għall-awtorizzazzjoni tat-teħid matul perijodu ta’ emerġenza pubblika ta’ miżuri li jkunu raġonevolment ġustifikabbli sabiex tiġi milqugħa s-sitwazzjoni li tkun teżisti matul dak il-perijodu ta’ emerġenza pubblika:
Iżda l-paragrafu (ċ) ta’ dan is-subartikolu ma għandux japplika għal xi liġi li tagħmel xi disposizzjoni li tkun diskriminatorja sew fiha nnifisha jew fl-effett tagħha, billi tagħti trattament differenti lil persuni differenti attribwibbli għal kollox jew prinċipalment għad-deskrizzjoni tagħhom skont is-sess.
(5) Ebda ħaġa li jkun hemm f’xi liġi ma għandha titqies li tkun inkonsistenti ma’ jew bi ksur tas-subartikolu (1) ta’ dan l-artikolu sa fejn tipprovdi:
(a) dwar kwalifiki għal servizz u kundizzjonijiet ta’ servizz f’xi korp dixxiplinat; jew
(b) dwar kwalifiki (li ma jkunux kwalifiki li jirrigwardaw is-sess, l-orjentazzjoni sesswali jew l-identità tal-ġeneru speċifikament) għal servizz bħala uffiċjal pubbliku jew għas-servizz ta’ awtorità ta’ gvern lokali jew għaqda korporata mwaqqfa għal skopijiet pubbliċi b’xi liġi.
(6) Is-subartikolu (2) ta’ dan l-artikolu ma għandux jgħodd għal xi ħaġa li tkun espressament jew b’implikazzjoni meħtieġa awtorizzata li ssir minn xi disposizzjoni bħal dik ta’ liġi kif huwa msemmi fis-subartikolu (4) jew (5) ta’ dan l-artikolu.
(7) Ebda ħaġa li tkun hemm jew li tkun magħmula bl-awtorità ta’ xi liġi ma għandha titqies li tkun inkonsistenti ma jew bi ksur ta’ dan l-artikolu safejn il-liġi in kwistjoni tagħmel provvediment (li ma jkunux provvedimenti li jirrigwardaw is-sess speċifikatament) li bih persuni ta’ xi deskrizzjoni bħal dik kif hija msemmija fis-subartikolu (3) ta’ dan l-artikolu jistgħu jiġu assoġġettati għal xi restrizzjoni fuq drittijiet u libertajiet garantiti bl-artikoli 38, 40, 41, 42 u 44 ta’ din il-Kostituzzjoni, li tkun restrizzjoni bħal dik kif awtorizzata bl-artikolu 38(2), 40(2), 41(2), 42(2) jew 44(3).
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(10) Sa tmiem ta’ perjodu ta’ sentejn li jibda fl-1 ta’ Lulju, 1991, ebda ħaġa li hemm f’xi liġi magħmula qabel l-1 ta’ Lulju, 1991, ma titqies li tkun inkonsistenti mad-disposizzjonijiet ta’ dan l-artikolu, billi dik il-liġi tkun tipprovdi għal trattament differenti lil persuni differenti attribwibbli għal kollox jew prinċipalment għad-deskrizzjoni tagħhom rispettiva skont is-sess.
(11) Ebda ħaġa fid-disposizzjonijiet ta’ dan l-artikolu ma għandha tgħodd għal xi liġi, jew għal xi ħaġa magħmula taħt l-awtorità ta’ xi liġi, jew għal xi proċedura jew arranġament, sa fejn dik il-liġi, ħaġa magħmula, proċedura jew arranġament jipprovdu għat-tehid ta’ miżuri speċjali bil-għan li tiġi aċċellerata l-ugwaljanza de facto bejn irġiel u nisa, u sa fejn biss dawk il-miżuri, meħud kont tat-tessut soċjali ta’ Malta, ikunu murija li huma raġjonevolment ġustifikati f’soċjetà demokratika. (Art. 45)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishIn order to attain the objectives specified in Article 2, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has the duty of directing all its resources to the following goals:
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9. the abolition of all forms of undesirable discrimination and the provision of equitable opportunities for all, in both the material and spiritual spheres;
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14. securing the multifarious rights of all citizens, both women and men, and providing fair legal security for all, as well as the equality of all before the law;
… (Art. 3) - Persianدولت جمهوری اسلامی ایران موظف است برای نیل به اهداف مذکور در اصل دوم، همه امکانات خود را برای امور زیر به کار برد:
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9- رفع تبعیضات ناروا و ایجاد امکانات عادلانه برای همه، در تمام زمینههای مادی و معنوی.
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14- تأمین حقوق همهجانبه افراد از زن و مرد و ایجاد امنیت قضایی عادلانه برای همه و تساوی عموم در برابر قانون.
… (اصل 3)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishThe state shall guarantee the equality of women and men and shall develop the policy of equal opportunities. (Art. 18)
- MontenegrinDržava jemči ravnopravnost žene i muškarca i razvija politiku jednakih mogućnosti. (Član 18)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English…
(2) In this Constitution unless a contrary intention appears—
a. words importing male persons shall include female persons and corporations;
… (Sec. 171)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishAll persons are equal before the law, and, consequently:
1. No discrimination based on race, sex, creed or social standing shall be permitted, nor, in general, any discrimination with the intent or effect of nullifying or encroaching upon the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on equal terms, of the rights and liberties of every individual.
2. The law shall guarantee legal and administrative conditions such as to make equality before the law real and effective manner; shall adopt affirmative measures for the benefit of any group that is discriminated against, marginalized or vulnerable; shall protect in particular those persons who, because of any of the aforementioned circumstances, are in a manifestly weak position; and shall punish those who abuse or mistreat such persons.
3. People will only be officially addressed as Citizens, except for diplomatic forms.
4. No titles of nobility or hereditary distinctions shall be recognized. (Art. 21) - SpanishTodas las personas son iguales ante la ley, y en consecuencia:
1. No se permitirán discriminaciones fundadas en la raza, el sexo, el credo, la condición social o aquellas que, en general, tengan por objeto o por resultado anular o menoscabar el reconocimiento, goce o ejercicio en condiciones de igualdad, de los derechos y libertades de toda persona.
2. La ley garantizará las condiciones jurídicas y administrativas para que la igualdad ante la ley sea real y efectiva; adoptará medidas positivas a favor de personas o grupos que puedan ser discriminados, marginados o vulnerables; protegerá especialmente a aquellas personas que por alguna de las condiciones antes especificadas, se encuentren en circunstancia de debilidad manifiesta y sancionará los abusos o maltratos que contra ellas se cometan.
3. Sólo se dará el trato oficial de ciudadano o ciudadana; salvo las fórmulas diplomáticas.
4. No se reconocen títulos nobiliarios ni distinciones hereditarias. (Art. 21)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- EnglishThe State shall preserve the pillars of society and shall guarantee security, tranquillity and equal opportunity to all citizens. (Art. 8)
- Arabicتصون الدولة دعامات المجتمع، وتكفل الأمن والطمأنينة وتكافؤ الفرص للمواطنين. (المادّة 8)
Equality and Non-Discrimination
- English1. All persons shall be equal before the law and the court.
2. The State guarantees the equality of human and civil rights and freedoms regardless of sex, race, nationality, language, origin, material and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, convictions, membership of public associations, or of other circumstances. All forms of limitations of human rights on social, racial, national, language or religious grounds shall be prohibited.
3. Men and women shall enjoy equal rights and freedoms and equal opportunities to exercise them. (Art. 19) - Russian1. Все равны перед законом и судом.
2. Государство гарантирует равенство прав и свобод человека и гражданина независимо от пола, расы, национальности, языка, происхождения, имущественного и должностного положения, места жительства, отношения к религии, убеждений, принадлежности к общественным объединениям, а также других обстоятельств. Запрещаются любые формы ограничения прав граждан по признакам социальной, расовой, национальной, языковой или религиозной принадлежности.
3. Мужчина и женщина имеют равные права и свободы и равные возможности для их реализации. (Статья 19)