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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Marriage and Family Life
- English
Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Constitution, the following matters are of the exclusive competence of the Central Power:
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36. legislation concerning[,] notably;
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h. … the protection of mother and child,
… (Art. 202) - French
Sans préjudice des autres dispositions de la présente Constitution, les matières suivantes sont de la compétence exclusive du pouvoir central:
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36. la législation notamment concernant:
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h) … la protection maternelle et infantile,
… (Art. 202)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishEvery person has the right to dignified and socially useful work. To this effect, the creation of jobs [empleos] and the social organization of work shall be promoted, in accordance with the law.
The Congress of the Union, without contravening the following bases[,] must adopt laws concerning work, which will govern:
A. Among the workers, day laborers, domestic servants, artisans and in a general manner any contract of labor:
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V. Women during pregnancy shall not perform [realizará] work that requires considerable effort and [which] signifies a danger to their health in relation to gestation; they will necessarily [forsozamente] enjoy a leave of absence [descanso] of six weeks prior to the approximate date established for the delivery and [of] six weeks subsequent to it, and they must receive their complete salary and retain [conservar] their job [empleo] and the rights that have been acquired by the work agreement [relación de trabajo]. In the time of nursing [lactancia] they will have two extra ordinary rest periods [descansos] per day, of half an hour each one, for the nursing of their children;
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B. Between the Powers of the Union and their workers:
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XI. Social security [seguridad social] will be organized in accordance with the following minimum bases:
a) It will cover occupational [profesionales] accidents and infirmities; the non-occupational infirmities and maternity; and retirement, disability, old age, and death.
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c) Women during pregnancy shall not perform [realizará] work that requires considerable effort and that signifies a danger to their health in relation to gestation; they will necessarily [forsozamente] enjoy a leave of absence [descanso] of six weeks prior to the approximate date established for the delivery and [of] six weeks subsequent to it, and they must receive their complete salary and retain [conservar] their job [empleo] and the rights that have been acquired by the work agreement [relación de trabajo]. In the time of nursing [lactancia] they will have two extra ordinary rest periods [descansos] per day, of half an hour each one, for the nursing of their children In addition, they will enjoy medical and obstetrical assistance, medicines, aids during lactation, and infant care services.
d) The families of the workers [trabajadores] will have the right to medical assistance and medicines, in those cases and in the proportion that the law determines.
e) Centers for vacations and recuperation, as well as economical stores for [tiendas] the benefit of the workers [trabajadores] and their families, shall be established.
… (Art. 123) - SpanishToda persona tiene derecho al trabajo digno y socialmente útil; al efecto, se promoverán la creación de empleos y la organización social de trabajo, conforme a la ley.
El Congreso de la Unión, sin contravenir a las bases siguientes deberá expedir leyes sobre el trabajo, las cuales regirán:
A. Entre los obreros, jornaleros, empleados domésticos, artesanos y de una manera general, todo contrato de trabajo:
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V. Las mujeres durante el embarazo no realizarán trabajos que exijan un esfuerzo considerable y signifiquen un peligro para su salud en relación con la gestación; gozarán forzosamente de un descanso de seis semanas anteriores a la fecha fijada aproximadamente para el parto y seis semanas posteriores al mismo, debiendo percibir su salario íntegro y conservar su empleo y los derechos que hubieren adquirido por la relación de trabajo. En el período de lactancia tendrán dos descansos extraordinarios por día, de media hora cada uno para alimentar a sus hijos;
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B. Entre los Poderes de la Unión y sus trabajadores:
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XI. La seguridad social se organizará conforme a las siguientes bases mínimas:
a) Cubrirá los accidentes y enfermedades profesionales; las enfermedades no profesionales y maternidad; y la jubilación, la invalidez, vejez y muerte.
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c) Las mujeres durante el embarazo no realizarán trabajos que exijan un esfuerzo considerable y signifiquen un peligro para su salud en relación con la gestación; gozarán forzosamente de un mes de descanso antes de la fecha fijada aproximadamente para el parto y de otros dos después del mismo, debiendo percibir su salario íntegro y conservar su empleo y los derechos que hubieren adquirido por la relación de trabajo. En el período de lactancia tendrán dos descansos extraordinarios por día, de media hora cada uno, para alimentar a sus hijos. Además, disfrutarán de asistencia médica y obstétrica, de medicinas, de ayudas para la lactancia y del servicio de guarderías infantiles.
d) Los familiares de los trabajadores tendrán derecho a asistencia médica y medicinas, en los casos y en la proporción que determine la ley.
e) Se establecerán centros para vacaciones y para recuperación, así como tiendas económicas para beneficio de los trabajadores y sus familiares.
… (Art. 123)
Marriage and Family Life
- English…
(2) Women have the same rights as men regarding the custody and guardianship of children, but an Act of Parliament may regulate how those rights are to be exercised.
… (Sec. 80)
Marriage and Family Life
- English… Young families, families with large number of children, orphans, veterans, people who lost their health while protecting the state or public interests, shall be provided additional support and benefits from state and public funds. (Art. 54)
- Russian... Молодым семьям, многодетным семьям, детям, лишившимся родителей, ветеранам и лицам, утратившим здоровье при защите государственных или общественных интересов, предоставляются дополнительные поддержка и льготы из государственных и общественных средств. (Статья 54)
- Turkmen... Ýaş maşgalalara, köp çagaly maşgalalara, ata-enesinden mahrum bolan çagalara, weteranlara we döwletiň ýa-da jemgyýetiň bähbitlerini goramakda saglygyny ýitiren adamlara döwlet we jemgyýetçilik serişdelerinden goşmaça goldaw we ýeňillikler berilýär. (54-nji madda)
Marriage and Family Life
- English(1) Every child has the right—
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(c) to family care, protection and guidance, which includes the equal responsibility of the child’s parents to provide for the child—
(i) whether or not the parents are, or have ever been, married to each other; and
(ii) whether or not the parents are living together, have lived together, or are separated;
… (Sec. 41) - iTaukei(1) Na gone yadua e tu vua na dodonu—
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(c) me qaravi vakavinaka mai na matavuvale, taqomaki, ka vakasalataki, oka kina na nodrau vakaitavi vakatautauvata na itubutubu ena nona qaravi na gone—
(i) veitalia ke rau sega ni vakamau na itubutubu; ka
(ii) veitalia ke rau tiko vata na itubutubu se sega, rau a tiko vata ena dua na gauna, se rau sa veibiu;
… (Sec. 41)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishFor the avoidance of doubt, the (common law) status of illegitimacy of persons born out of wedlock is abolished. (Sec. 31)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishThe de facto union of persons of different sex with the legal capacity to enter into marriage which is sustained for five consecutive years in conditions of single partnership and stability shall produce the full effects of a civil marriage.
To this end, it shall be sufficient the interested parties jointly request the Civil Registrar to register the de facto union. As long as this request has not been made, the marriage may be proved, for the purpose of claiming the rights pertaining thereto, by any of the spouses concerned in accordance with the procedures established by law. However, the Public Ministry, in the interest of morals and of the law, or third persons who assert rights susceptible of being affected by the registration, may object to the registration or challenge it subsequently on the ground that the declaration is contrary to the facts. (Art. 58) - SpanishLa unión de hecho entre personas de distinto sexo legalmente capacitadas para contraer matrimonio, mantenida durante cinco años consecutivos en condiciones de singularidad y estabilidad, surtirá todos los efectos del matrimonio civil. Para este fin, bastará que las partes interesadas soliciten conjuntamente al Registro Civil la inscripción del matrimonio de hecho. Cuando no se haya efectuado esa solicitud, el matrimonio podrá comprobarse, para los efectos de la reclamación de sus derechos, por uno de los cónyuges u otro interesado, mediante los trámites que determine la Ley. Podrán, no obstante, oponerse a que se haga la inscripción o impugnarla después de hecha, el Ministerio Público en interés de la moral y de la Ley, o los terceros que aleguen derechos susceptibles de ser afectados por la inscripción, si la declaración fuere contraria a la realidad de los hechos. (Art. 58)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishI. Every person has the right to an adequate habitat and home that dignifies family and community life.
II. The State, at all levels of the government, is responsible for promoting the development of housing for social benefit, using adequate financing systems, based on principles of solidarity and equity. These plans shall be directed preferentially to families with scarce resources, to disadvantaged groups and to rural areas. (Art. 19) - SpanishI. Toda persona tiene derecho a un hábitat y vivienda adecuada, que dignifiquen la vida familiar y comunitaria.
II. El Estado, en todos sus niveles de gobierno, promoverá planes de vivienda de interés social, mediante sistemas adecuados de financiamiento, basándose en los principios de solidaridad y equidad. Estos planes se destinarán preferentemente a familias de escasos recursos, a grupos menos favorecidos y al área rural. (Art. 19)
Marriage and Family Life
- English…
3. Parents have the right to decide the type of education for their children. They also have the right to moral or religious instruction for their children in accordance with their own convictions. (Art. 20) - Catalan…
3. Els pares tenen dret a escollir el tipus d'educació que hagin de rebre els seus fills. Igualment, tenen dret a una educació moral o religiosa per a llurs fills d'acord amb les conviccions pròpies. (Art. 20)
Marriage and Family Life
- English
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4. Amongst the values that we the people of Tuvalu seek to maintain are those embodied in our traditional forms of community, the Falekaupule, and the strength and support of the family and family discipline.
... (Principles of the Constitution)