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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.

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Composition and Appointment

Gambia
  • English
    (1) A person shall be qualified for appointment as Chief Justice if he or she is qualified to be appointed a judge of the Supreme Court and has been a judge of a superior court in a common law country for not less than ten years.
    (2) A person shall be qualified to be appointed a judge of the Supreme Court if he or she holds or has held office as a judge of the Court of Appeal, or as a judge of a court having similar jurisdiction in a common law country, in each case for not less than five years, or if he or she has practised as a legal practitioner before a court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters in a common law country for not less than twelve years.
    … (Sec. 139)

Jurisdiction and Access

Congo
  • English
    Any person [particulier] can, either directly, or by the procedure of the plea [exception] of unconstitutionality invoked before a jurisdiction in a matter that concerns him, refer the Constitutional Court to [a matter] concerning the constitutionality of the laws and of the treaties.
    In the case of [a] plea of unconstitutionality, the referred jurisdiction postpones [its] decision and grants [impartit] the petitioner a time period of one (1) month from the notification of the decision to refer [the matter] to the Constitutional Court. (Art. 180)
  • French
    Tout particulier peut, soit directement, soit par la procédure de l’exception d’inconstitutionnalité invoquée devant une juridiction dans une affaire qui le concerne, saisir la Cour constitutionnelle sur la constitutionnalité des lois et des traités.
    En cas d’exception d’inconstitutionnalité, la juridiction saisie surseoit à statuer et impartit au requérant un délai d’un (1) mois à partir de la signification de sa décision pour saisir la Cour constitutionnelle. (Art. 180)

Jurisdiction and Access

Guinea
  • English
    The international engagements specified in Article 150 are deferred before ratification to the Constitutional Court, either by the President of the Republic, or by the President of the National Assembly or by one Deputy.
    … (Art. 97)
  • French
    Les engagements internationaux prévus à l'article 150 sont déférés avant ratification à la Cour constitutionnelle, soit par le président de la République, soit par le président de l'Assemblée nationale ou par un député.
    … (Art. 97)

Jurisdiction and Access

Guatemala
  • English
    The Court of Constitutionality is a permanent tribunal of privative jurisdiction, of which the essential function is the defense of the constitutional order; [it] acts as a collegiate tribunal with independence from the other organs of the State and exercises [the] specific functions assigned to it by the Constitution and the law of the matter.
    … (Art. 268)
  • Spanish
    La Corte de Constitucionalidad es un tribunal permanente de jurisdicción privativa, cuya función esencial es la defensa del orden constitucional; actúa como tribunal colegiado con independencia de los demás organismos del Estado y ejerce funciones específicas que le asigna la Constitución y la ley de la materia.
    … (Art. 268)

Jurisdiction and Access

Poland
  • English
    …
    2. The President of the Republic, before ratifying an international agreement may refer it to the Constitutional Tribunal with a request to adjudicate upon its conformity to the Constitution.
    … (Art. 133)
  • Polish
    …
    2. Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej przed ratyfikowaniem umowy międzynarodowej może zwrócić się do Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z wnioskiem w sprawie jej zgodności z Konstytucją.
    … (Art. 133)

Jurisdiction and Access

Malawi
  • English
    The Law Commission shall have the powers—
    a. to review and make recommendations regarding any matter pertaining to the laws of Malawi and their conformity with this Constitution and applicable international law;
    b. to review and make recommendations regarding any matter pertaining to this Constitution;
    c. to receive any submissions from any person or body regarding the laws of Malawi or this Constitution; and
    d. to report its findings and recommendations to the Minister for the time being responsible for Justice who shall publish any such report and lay it before Parliament. (Sec. 135)

Jurisdiction and Access

Nicaragua
  • English

    The Supreme Court of Justice will ...
    ... take cognizance of and will resolve the recourses of unconstitutionality, the conflicts of competences and constitutionality between the Powers of the State and the conflicts of constitutionality, between the central government and the municipal governments and [the governments] of the Autonomous Regions of the Caribbean Coast.
    ... (Art. 163)

  • Spanish

    La Corte Suprema de Justicia ...
    ... conocerá y resolverá los recursos por inconstitucionalidad, los conflictos de competencias y constitucionalidad entre Poderes del Estado y los conflictos de constitucionalidad, entre el gobierno central y los gobiernos municipales y de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe.
    ... (Art. 163)

Jurisdiction and Access

Jordan
  • English
    1. The Constitutional Court shall have the competence of oversight on the constitutionality of the applicable laws and regulations and its judgments shall be issued in the name of the King; …
    2. The Constitutional Court shall have the right to interpret the provisions of the Constitution if such is requested therefrom by a decision issued by the Council of Ministers or by a decision taken by either House of the Parliament by majority; … (Art. 59)
  • Arabic
    1. تختص المحكمة الدستورية بالرقابة على دستورية القوانين والأنظمة النّافذة وتصدر أحكامها باسم الملك، ...
    2. للمحكمة الدستورية حق تفسير نصوص الدستور إذا طلب إليها ذلك بقرار صادر عن مجلس الوزراء أو بقرار يتخذه أحد مجلسي الأمة بالأغلبية، ... (المادة 59)

Jurisdiction and Access

San Marino
  • English
    A Guarantors’ Panel responsible for ensuring the constitutionality of rules is hereby established…
    The Guarantors’ Panel shall:
    a) verify the conformity of laws, of regulations having force of law, as well as of customary rules having force of law, with the fundamental principles of the constitutional order set forth or mentioned in this Law, upon direct request of at least twenty members of the Great and General Council, of the Congress of State, of five Township Councils, of a number of citizens making up at least 1.5% of the electorate resulting from the latest and definitive annual revision of the electoral lists, and with reference to proceedings pending before the Republic’s courts, upon request of judges or the parties involved;
    b) in the cases envisaged by law, decide on the acceptability of referenda proposals;
    c) decide in case of conflicts between constitutional bodies;
    d) act as “Regency Syndicate”.
    Additional functions may be established by a constitutional law. The constitutional law shall determine the responsibilities of the Guarantors’ Panel and of its single members.
    … (Art. 16)
  • Italian
    E' istituito il Collegio Garante della costituzionalita delle norme. …
    Il Collegio Garante:
    a) verifica, su richiesta diretta di almeno venti Consiglieri, del Congresso di Stato, di cinque Giunte di Castello, della Commissione per le Pari Opportunità, di un numero di cittadini elettori rappresentanti almeno l'1,5% del corpo elettorale quale risultante dall'ultima e definitiva revisione annuale delle liste elettorali, nonché nell'ambito di giudizi pendenti presso i Tribunali della Repubblica, su richiesta dei giudici o delle parti in causa, la rispondenza delle leggi, degli atti aventi forza di legge a contenuto normativo, nonché delle norme anche consuetudinarie aventi forza di legge, ai principi fondamentali dell'ordinamento di cui alla presente legge o da questa richiamati;
    b) decide nei casi previsti dalla legge, sull'ammissibilità dei referendum;
    c) decide sui conflitti fra organi costituzionali;
    d) esercita il Sindacato sui Capitani Reggenti.
    Con legge costituzionale potranno essere disposte ulteriori attribuzioni. La legge costituzionale determina il regime delle responsabilità del Collegio Garante e dei singoli membri.
    … (Art. 16)

Jurisdiction and Access

Mozambique
  • English
    1. The President of the Republic may request the Constitutional Council to carry out an anticipatory evaluation of the constitutionality of any legal instrument sent to him for enactment.
    … (Art. 245)
  • Portuguese
    1. O Presidente da República pode requerer ao Conselho Constitucional a apreciação preventiva da constitucionalidade de qualquer diploma que lhe tenha sido enviado para promulgação.
    ... (Art. 245)