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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Citizenship and Nationality
Netherlands
- English
1. Dutch nationality shall be regulated by Act of Parliament.
… (Art. 2) - Dutch
1. De wet regelt wie Nederlander is.
… (Art. 2)
Citizenship and Nationality
Russian Federation
- EnglishThe Russian Federation shall have jurisdiction over:
…
c. ... citizenship in the Russian Federation,
... (Art. 71) - RussianВ ведении Российской Федерации находятся:
…
в) ... гражданство в Российской Федерации;
... (Статья 71)
Citizenship and Nationality
Czech Republic
- English(1) The conditions under which citizenship of the Czech Republic is acquired and lost shall be provided for by statute.
(2) No person may be deprived of his citizenship against his will. (1993 Constitution, Art. 12) - Czech(1) Nabývání a pozbývání státního občanství České republiky stanoví zákon.
(2) Nikdo nemůže být proti své vůli zbaven státního občanství. (Ústava 1993, Čl. 12)
Citizenship and Nationality
Bulgaria
- English(1) A Bulgarian citizen is anyone, at least one of whose parents is a Bulgarian citizen, or who has been born on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, should he not be entitled to any other citizenship by virtue of origin. Bulgarian citizenship shall further be acquirable through naturalization.
(2) A citizen of Bulgarian origin shall acquire Bulgarian citizenship through a facilitated procedure.
(3) No one shall be deprived of Bulgarian citizenship acquired by birth.
…
(6) The conditions and procedure for the acquiring, preservation or loss of Bulgarian citizenship shall be established by law. (Art. 25) - Bulgarian(1) Български гражданин е всеки, на когото поне единият родител е българскɢ гражданин или който е роден на територията на Република България, ако не придобива другɨ гражданство по произход. Българско гражданство може да се придобие и по натурализация.
(2) Лицата от български произход придобиват българско гражданство по облекчен реo.
(3) Български гражданин по рождение не може да бъде лишен от българско гражданство.
...
(6) Условията и редът за придобиване, запазване и загубване на българското гражданство сɟ определят със закон. (Чл. 25)
Citizenship and Nationality
Romania
- English(1) Romanian citizenship can be acquired, retained or lost as provided by the organic law.
(2) Romanian citizenship cannot be withdrawn if acquired by birth. (Art. 5) - Romanian(1) Cetăţenia română se dobândeşte, se păstrează sau se pierde în condiţiile prevăzute de legea organică.
(2) Cetăţenia română nu poate fi retrasă aceluia care a dobândit-o prin naştere. (Art. 5)
Citizenship and Nationality
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- English(1) A person born outside the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories after commencement shall be a British citizen if at the time of the birth his father or mother—
(a) is a British citizen otherwise than by descent; or
(b) is a British citizen and is serving outside the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories in service to which this paragraph applies, his or her recruitment for that service having taken place in the United Kingdom or a qualifying territory; or
(c) is a British citizen and is serving outside the United Kingdom and the qualifying territories in service under an EU institution, his or her recruitment for that service having taken place in a country which at the time of the recruitment was a member of the European Union.
… (British Nationality Act 1981, Sec. 2)2
Citizenship and Nationality
Belarus
- English…
No one may be deprived of citizenship of the Republic of Belarus or the right to change his citizenship.
…
Acquisition and loss of the citizenship shall be carried out in accordance with the law. (Article 10) - Belarusian...
Ніхто не можа быць пазбаўлены грамадзянства Рэспублікі Беларусь або права змяніць грамадзянства.
...
Набыццё і страта грамадзянства ажыццяўляюцца ў адпаведнасці з законам. (Артыкул 10) - Russian…
Никто не может быть лишен гражданства Республики Беларусь или права изменить гражданство.
…
Приобретение и утрата гражданства осуществляются в соответствии с законом. (Статья 10)
Citizenship and Nationality
Poland
- English1. Polish citizenship shall be acquired by birth to parents being Polish citizens. Other methods of acquiring Polish citizenship shall be specified by statute.
2. A Polish citizen shall not lose Polish citizenship except by renunciation thereof. (Art. 34) - Polish1. Obywatelstwo polskie nabywa się przez urodzenie z rodziców będących obywatelami polskimi. Inne przypadki nabycia obywatelstwa polskiego określa ustawa.
2. Obywatel polski nie może utracić obywatelstwa polskiego, chyba że sam się go zrzeknie. (Art. 34)
Citizenship and Nationality
Belgium
- EnglishNaturalisation is granted by the federal legislative power. (Art. 9)
- DutchNaturalisatie wordt verleend door de federale wetgevende macht. (Art. 9)
- FrenchLa naturalisation est accordée par le pouvoir législatif fédéral. (Art. 9)
- GermanDie Einbürgerung wird von der föderalen gesetzgebenden Gewalt verliehen. (Art. 9)
Citizenship and Nationality
Spain
- English(1) Spanish nationality shall be acquired, retained and lost in accordance with the provisions of the law.
(2) No person of Spanish birth may be deprived of his or her nationality.
(3) The State may negotiate dual nationality treaties with Latin-American countries or with those which have had or which have special links with Spain. In these countries Spaniards may become naturalized without losing their nationality of origin, even if those countries do not grant a reciprocal right to their own citizens. (Sec. 11) - Spanish1. La nacionalidad española se adquiere, se conserva y se pierde de acuerdo con lo establecido por la ley.
2. Ningún español de origen podrá ser privado de su nacionalidad.
3. El Estado podrá concertar tratados de doble nacionalidad con los países iberoamericanos o con aquellos que hayan tenido o tengan una particular vinculación con España. En estos mismos países, aun cuando no reconozcan a sus ciudadanos un derecho recíproco, podrán naturalizarse los españoles sin perder su nacionalidad de origen. (Art. 11)