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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Employment Rights and Protection
Guatemala
- EnglishThe Guatemalans have the right to opt for public employment or office and to do so only their capabilities, fitness, and honesty will be taken into account. (Art. 113)
- SpanishLos guatemaltecos tienen derecho a optar a empleos o cargos públicos y para su otorgamiento no se atenderá más que a razones fundadas en méritos de capacidad, idoneidad y honradez. (Art. 113)
Employment Rights and Protection
Hungary
- English…
(3) Every employee shall have the right to working conditions which ensure respect for his or her health, safety and dignity.
(4) Every employee shall have the right to daily and weekly rest periods and to a period of annual paid leave. (Freedom and Responsibility, Art. XVII) - Hungarian...
(3) Minden munkavállalónak joga van az egészségét, biztonságát és méltóságát tiszteletben tartó munkafeltételekhez.
(4) Minden munkavállalónak joga van a napi és heti pihenõidõhöz, valamint az éves fizetett szabadsághoz. (Szabadság és Felelősség, XVII. cikk)
Employment Rights and Protection
Equatorial Guinea
- English1. Work is a right and a social duty. The State recognizes its constructive function for the betterment of the well-being and the development of the national wealth. The State promotes the economic and social conditions to eliminate poverty, misery and to assure with equality to all the citizens of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea the possibilities of a useful occupation which permits them to not be threatened [acosados] by necessity.
2. The law shall define the conditions of the exercise of this right. (Art. 26) - Spanish1. El trabajo es un derecho y un deber social. El Estado reconoce su función constructiva para el mejoramiento del bienestar y el desarrollo de la riqueza nacional. El Estado promueve las condiciones económicas y sociales para hacer desaparecer la pobreza, la miseria, y asegura con igualdad a los ciudadanos de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial las posibilidades de una ocupación útil que les permita no estar acosados por la necesidad.
2. La ley definirá las condiciones del ejercicio de este derecho. (Art. 26) - French1. Le travail est un droit et un devoir social. L'État reconnaît son rôle constructif dans l'amélioration du bien-être et le développement de la richesse nationale. L'État promeut les conditions économiques et sociales pour faire disparaître la pauvreté, la misère, et assure de manière égalitaire aux citoyens de la République de Guinée équatoriale, les moyens d'exercer une occupation utile leur permettant de ne pas être démunis face aux nécessités.
2. La loi définit les conditions d'exercice de ce droit. (Art. 26)
Employment Rights and Protection
Namibia
- English(1) All persons shall have the right to:
…
(j) practise any profession, or carry on any occupation, trade or business.
… (Art. 21)
Employment Rights and Protection
Honduras
- EnglishThe law shall determine which employers, according to their capital and the total number of workers, shall be required to provide them and their families with educational, health, housing and other services. (Art. 141)
- SpanishLa Ley determinará los patronos que por el monto de su capital o el número de sus trabajadores, estarán obligados a proporcionar a éstos y a sus familias, servicios de educación, salud, vivienda o de otra naturaleza. (Art. 141)
Employment Rights and Protection
India
- English(1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory prior to such employment or appointment.
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.
…
(6) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any economically weaker sections of citizens other than the classes mentioned in clause (4), in addition to the existing reservation and subject to a maximum of ten per cent. of the posts in each category. (Art. 16) - Hindi(1) राज्य के अधीन किसी पद पर नियोजन या नियुक्ति से संबंधित विषयों में सभी नागरिकों के लिए अवसर की समता होगी।
(2) राज्य के अधीन किसी नियोजन या पद के संबंध में केवल धर्म, मूलवंश, जाति, लिंग, उद्भव, जन्मस्थान, निवास या इनमें से किसी के आधार पर न तो कोई नागरिक अपात्र होगा और न उससे विभेद किया जाएगा।
(3) इस अनुच्छेद की कोई बात संसद को कोई ऐसी विधि बनाने से निवारित नहीं करेगी जो किसी राज्य या संघ राज्य क्षेत्र की सरकार के या उसमें के किसी स्थानीय या अन्य प्राधिकारी के अधीन वाले किसी वर्ग या वर्गों के पद पर नियोजन या नियुक्ति के संबंध में ऐसे नियोजन या नियुक्ति से पहले उस राज्य या संघ राज्य क्षेत्र के भीतर निवास विषयक कोई अपेक्षा विहित करती है।
(4) इस अनुच्छेद की कोई बात राज्य को पिछड़े हुए नागरिकों के किसी वर्ग के पक्ष में, जिनका प्रतिनिधित्व राज्य की राय में राज्य के अधीन सेवाओं में पर्याप्त नहीं है, नियुक्तियों या पदों के आरक्षण के लिए उपबंध करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी।
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(6) इस अनुच्छेद की कोई बात राज्य को खंड (4) में उल्लिखित वर्गों के अतिरिक्त किन्हीं आर्थिक रूप से कमजोर वर्गों के पक्ष में वर्तमान आरक्षण के अतिरिक्त और प्रत्येक श्रेणी में पदों के अधिकतम दस प्रतिशत के शर्ताधीन नियुक्तियों अथवा पदों में आरक्षण का कोई प्रावधान करने से निवारित नहीं करेगी। (अनुच्छेद 16)
Employment Rights and Protection
Lithuania
- EnglishEveryone may freely choose a job or business, and shall have the right to have proper, safe, and healthy conditions at work, as well as to receive fair pay for work and social security in the event of unemployment.
The work of foreigners in the Republic of Lithuania shall be regulated by law.
Forced labour shall be prohibited.
Military service or alternative service performed instead of military service, as well as work performed by citizens in time of war, natural disaster, epidemics, or other extreme cases, shall not be considered forced labour.
In cases where persons convicted by a court perform work regulated by law, such work shall not be considered forced labour, either. (Art. 48) - LithuanianKiekvienas žmogus gali laisvai pasirinkti darbą bei verslą ir turi teisę turėti tinkamas, saugias ir sveikas darbo sąlygas, gauti teisingą apmokėjimą už darbą ir socialinę apsaugą nedarbo atveju.
Užsieniečių darbą Lietuvos Respublikoje reguliuoja įstatymas.
Priverčiamasis darbas draudžiamas.
Priverčiamuoju darbu nelaikoma tarnyba kariuomenėje ar ją pakeičianti alternatyvioji tarnyba, taip pat piliečių darbas karo, stichinės nelaimės, epidemijos ar kitais ypatingais atvejais.
Priverčiamuoju darbu nelaikomas ir įstatymo reguliuojamas teismo nuteistųjų darbas. (48 straipsnis)
Employment Rights and Protection
Seychelles
- EnglishThe State recognises the right of every citizen to work and to just and favourable conditions of work and with a view to ensuring the effective exercise of these rights the State undertakes−
(a) to take necessary measures to achieve and maintain a high and stable level of employment, as is practicable, with a view to attaining full employment;
(b) subject to such restrictions as are necessary in a democratic society, to protect effectively the right of a citizen to earn a dignified living in a freely chosen occupation, profession or trade;
(c) to promote vocational guidance and training;
(d) to make and enforce statutory provisions for safe, healthy and fair conditions of work, including reasonable rest, leisure, paid holidays, remuneration which guarantees, as a minimum, dignified and decent living conditions for the workers and their families, fair and equal wages for work of equal value without distinction and stability of employment.
… (Art. 35)
Employment Rights and Protection
Panama
- EnglishMotherhood of the working woman is protected. The pregnant woman may not be separated from her public or private employment for this reason. For a minimum of six weeks prior to confinement and eight weeks thereafter, she is entitled to rest with the same remuneration that she was receiving, and her job shall be kept for her, as well as all the rights inherent to her contract. Upon returning to work, the mother may not be dismissed for one year, except in special cases prescribed by law, which shall in addition, regulate the special working conditions of the pregnant woman. (Art. 72)
- SpanishSe protege la maternidad de la mujer trabajadora. La que esté en estado de gravidez no podrá ser separada de su empleo público o particular por esta causa. Durante un mínimo de seis semanas precedentes al parto y las ocho que le siguen, gozará de descanso forzoso retribuido del mismo modo que su trabajo y conservará el empleo y todos los derechos correspondientes a su contrato. AI reincorporarse la madre trabajadora a su empleo no podrá ser despedida por el término de un año, salvo en casos especiales previstos en la Ley, la cual reglamentará además, las condiciones especiales de trabajo de la mujer en estado de preñez. (Art. 72)
Employment Rights and Protection
China
- EnglishCitizens of the People's Republic of China have the right as well as the duty to work.
Using various channels, the state creates conditions for employment, strengthens labor protection, improves working conditions and, on the basis of expanded production, increases remuneration for work and social benefits.
Work is the glorious duty of every able-bodied citizen. All working people in State-owned enterprises and in urban and rural economic collectives should perform their tasks with an attitude consonant with their status as masters of the country. The State promotes socialist labor emulation, and commends and rewards model and advanced workers. The State encourages citizens to take part in voluntary labor.
The state provides necessary vocational training to citizens before they are employed. (Art. 42) - Chinese中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。
国家通过各种途径,创造劳动就业条件,加强劳动保护,改善劳动条件,并在发展生产的基础上,提高劳动报酬和福利待遇。
劳动是一切有劳动能力的公民的光荣职责。国有企业和城乡集体经济组织的劳动者都应当以国家主人翁的态度对待自己的劳动。国家提倡社会主义劳动竞赛,奖励劳动模范和先进工作者。国家提倡公民从事义务劳动。
国家对就业前的公民进行必要的劳动就业训练。 (第四十二条)