Search Database
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Panama, English
Private property acquired by juridical or natural persons is guaranteed in accordance with the law. (Art. 47)
Panama, Spanish
Se garantiza la propiedad privada adquirida con arreglo a la Ley por personas jurídicas o naturales. (Art. 47)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Panama, English
The State shall protect the social and economic development of the family and shall organize the family homestead, determining the nature and amount of property that must constitute it, on the basis that it is inalienable and un-attachable. (Art. 62)
Panama, Spanish
El Estado velará por el mejoramiento social y económico de la familia y organizará el patrimonio familiar determinando la naturaleza y cuantía de los bienes que deban constituirlo, sobre la base de que es inalienable e inembargable. (Art. 62)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Panama, English
To fulfill the objectives of the Agrarian Policy, the State shall carry out the following activities:
1. Grant necessary farm lands to rural dwellers and regulate the use of the water. A special system of collective ownership for rural communities which so request may be established by law;
…
5. Settle new lands and regulate the tenure and use of such lands and of those incorporated into the economy as a result of the construction of new highways;
…
7. Perform studies of the land in order to establish the agrological classification of Panamanian land. The policy established for the implementation of this Chapter5 shall be applicable to Indian Communities in accordance with scientific methods of cultural changes. (Art. 126)
Panama, Spanish
Para el cumplimiento de los fines de la política agraria, el Estado desarrollará las siguientes actividades:
1. Dotar a los campesinos de las tierras de labor necesarias y regular el uso de las aguas. La Ley podrá establecer un régimen especial de propiedad colectiva para las comunidades campesinas que lo soliciten;
…
5. Colonizar nuevas tierras y reglamentar la tenencia y el uso de las mismas y de las que se integren a la economía como resultado de la construcción de nuevas carreteras;
…
7. Realizar estudios de la tierra a fin de establecer la clasificación agrológica del suelo panameño.
La política establecida para el desarrollo de este Capítulo será aplicable a las comunidades indígenas de acuerdo con los métodos científicos de cambio cultural. (Art. 126)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Panama, English
The State guarantees to indigenous communities the reservation of necessary lands and collective ownership thereof, to ensure their economic and social well-being. Procedures to be followed for obtaining this purpose, and the definition of boundaries within which private appropriation of land is prohibited, shall be regulated by law. (Art. 127)
Panama, Spanish
El Estado garantizará a las comunidades indígenas la reserva de las tierras necesarias y la propiedad colectiva de las mismas para el logro de su bienestar económico y social. La Ley regulará los procedimientos que deban seguirse para lograr esta finalidad y las delimitaciones correspondientes dentro de las cuales se prohíbe la apropiación privada de tierras. (Art. 127)
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
Panama, English
Political rights and the capacity to perform public functions with power and jurisdiction are reserved to natural born Panamanian cultures. (Art. 132)
Panama, Spanish
Los derechos políticos y la capacidad para ejercer cargos públicos con mando y jurisdicción, se reservan a los ciudadanos panameños. (Art. 132)
Participation in Public Life and Institutions
Panama, English
Public Employees shall be of Panamanian nationality, without discrimination for reasons of race, sex, religion or political activities. Their appointment and removal may not be the absolute and discretional prerogative of any Authority, except as provided in this Constitution.
… (Art. 300)
Panama, Spanish
Los servidores públicos serán de nacionalidad panameña sin discriminación de raza, sexo, religión o creencia y militancia política. Su nombramiento y remoción no será potestad absoluta y discrecional de ninguna autoridad, salvo lo que al respecto dispone esta Constitución.
… (Art. 300)
Electoral Bodies
Panama, English
In order to guarantee the freedom, fairness and effectiveness of popular elections, an autonomous and independent tribunal is established, called Electoral Tribunal, which shall have legal personality, its own funds and the right to administer them. This Tribunal shall be the sole entity responsible for interpretation and application of Electoral Law and it shall direct, supervise, and control the recording of important facts, deaths, naturalizations, and all other facts and legal acts related to the civil status of persons, the issuance of personal identity cards, and the different stages of the electoral process.
… (Art. 142)
Panama, Spanish
Con el objeto de garantizar la libertad, honradez y eficacia del sufragio popular, se establece un tribunal autónomo e independiente, denominado Tribunal Electoral, al que se le reconoce personería jurídica, patrimonio propio y derecho de administrarlo. Este Tribunal interpretará y aplicará privativamente la Ley Electoral, dirigirá, vigilará y fiscalizará la inscripción de hechos vitales, defunciones, naturalización y demás hechos y actos jurídicos relacionados con el estado civil de las personas; la expedición de la cédula de identidad personal y las fases del proceso electoral.
… (Art. 142)
Vice-President
Panama, English
In order to be eligible as President or Vice-President of the Republic, it is necessary:
1. To be Panamanian by birth;
2. To have reached thirty-five years of age. (Art. 179)
Panama, Spanish
Para ser Presidente o Vicepresidente de la República se requiere:
1. Ser panameño por nacimiento.
2. Haber cumplido treinta y cinco años de edad. (Art. 179)
Vice-President
Panama, English
The President of the Republic shall be elected in a popular direct election by a majority of votes for a term of five years. Together with the President there shall be elected, in the same manner and for the same term, a Vice-President who shall replace the President during his or her absence in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution. (Art. 177)
Panama, Spanish
El Presidente de la República será elegido por sufragio popular directo y por la mayoría de votos, para un periodo de cinco años. Con el Presidente de la República será elegido, de la misma manera y por igual periodo, un Vicepresidente, quien lo reemplazará en sus faltas, conforme a lo prescrito en esta Constitución. (Art. 177)
Legislature
Panama, English
Legislative functions of the Nation are vested in the National Assembly … (Art. 159)
Panama, Spanish
La función legislativa, es ejercida por medio de la Asamblea Nacional … (Art. 159)