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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Political Rights and Association
Iraq
- EnglishFirst: The freedom to form and join associations and political parties shall be guaranteed, and this shall be regulated by law.
Second: It is not permissible to force any person to join any party, society, or political entity, or force him to continue his membership in it. (Art. 39) - Arabicاولاً :ـ حرية تأسيس الجمعيات والاحزاب السياسية، او الانضمام اليها، مكفولةٌ، وينظم ذلك بقانون.
ثانياً :ـ لا يجوز اجبار أحدٍ على الانضمام الى اي حزبٍ او جمعيةٍ أو جهةٍ سياسية، او اجباره على الاستمرار في العضوية فيها. (المادة 39)
Political Rights and Association
Central African Republic
- EnglishCentral Africans of the two (2) sexes, aged eighteen (18) years of age and enjoying their civil rights, are electors within the conditions determined by the law.
The vote is a civic duty.
Suffrage may be direct or indirect within the conditions specified by the Constitution. It is always universal, equal and secret. (Art. 30) - FrenchLes centrafricains des deux sexes, âgés de dix-huit (18) ans révolus et jouissant de leur droits civiques sont électeurs dans les conditions déterminées par la loi.
Le vote est un devoir civique.
Le suffrage peut être direct ou indirect dans les conditions prévues par la Constitution. Il est toujours universel, égal et secret. (Art. 30)
Political Rights and Association
Cuba
- EnglishCuban citizens have the right to participate in the formation, exercise, and monitoring of the power of the State, for which purpose they may, in accordance with the laws:
a. Be registered within the electoral registry;
b. Propose and nominate candidates;
c. Elect officials and be elected for office;
d. Participate in elections, plebiscites, referendums, popular consultations, as well as other forms of democratic participation;
e. Make pronouncements regarding the release of documents or information for the purposes of accountability that are provided by elected officials;
f. Revoke the mandate of elected officials;
g. Exercise the powers of the legislature as well as the power of constitutional reform;
h. Perform public functions or roles, and
i. Be informed of the management of the organs and authorities of the State. (Art. 80) - SpanishLos ciudadanos cubanos tienen derecho a participar en la conformación, ejercicio y control del poder del Estado; en razón a esto pueden, de conformidad con la Constitución y las leyes:
a) estar inscriptos en el registro electoral;
b) proponer y nominar candidatos;
c) elegir y ser elegidos;
d) participar en elecciones, plebiscitos, referendos, consultas populares y otras formas de participación democrática;
e) pronunciarse sobre la rendición de cuenta que les presentan los elegidos;
f) revocar el mandato de los elegidos;
g) ejercer la iniciativa legislativa y de reforma de la Constitución;
h) desempeñar funciones y cargos públicos; y
i) estar informados de la gestión de los órganos y autoridades del Estado. (Art. 80)
Political Rights and Association
Turkmenistan
- EnglishEvery citizen shall have the right to participate in managing the affairs of the society and state, either directly or through freely elected representatives. (Art. 45)
- RussianГраждане Туркменистана имеют право участвовать в управлении делами общества и государства как непосредственно, так и через своих свободно избранных представителей. (Статья 45)
- TurkmenTürkmenistanyň raýatlarynyň jemgyýetiň we döwletiň işlerini dolandyrmaga gös-göni, şeýle-de erkin saýlanan wekilleriniň üsti bilen gatnaşmaga hukugy bardyr. (45-nji madda)
Political Rights and Association
Bangladesh
- English…
(2) Women shall have equal rights with men in all spheres of the State and of public life.
… (Art. 28) - Bengali…
(২) রাষ্ট্র ও গণজীবনের সর্বস্তরে নারী পুরুষের সমান অধিকার লাভ করিবেন।
… (অনুচ্ছেদ ২৮)
Political Rights and Association
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- EnglishThat Election of Members of Parliament ought to be free. (Bill of Rights 1689, Heading 24)
Political Rights and Association
Israel
- EnglishEvery Israeli citizen of or over the age of eighteen years shall have the right to vote in elections to the Knesset, unless a court has deprived him of that right by virtue of any Law; the Elections Law shall determine the time at which a person shall be considered to be eighteen years of age for the purpose of the exercise of the right to vote in elections to the Knesset. (Basic Law: The Knesset (1958), Sec. 5)
- Hebrewכל אזרח ישראלי בן שמונה עשרה שנה ומעלה זכאי לבחור לכנסת אם בית משפט לא שלל ממנו זכות זו על פי חוק; חוק הבחירות יקבע את המועד שבו ייחשב אדם בן שמונה עשרה שנה לעניין השימוש בזכות הבחירה לכנסת. (חוק יסוד: הכנסת (1958), סעיף 5)
Political Rights and Association
Chad
- EnglishThe freedoms of opinion and of expression, of communication, of conscience, of religion, of the press, of association, of assembly, of movement, [and] of demonstration are guaranteed to all.
… (Art. 28) - Arabicحريات الرأي والتعبير والاتصال والوجدان والدين والصحافة وتكوين الجمعيات والتجمع والتنقل والتظاهر مضمونة للجميع.
... (المادة 28) - FrenchLes libertés d'opinion et d'expression, de communication, de conscience, de religion, de presse, d'association, de réunion, de circulation, de manifestations et de cortèges sont garanties à tous.
… (Art. 28)
Political Rights and Association
Maldives
- English(a) Every citizen has the right to establish and to participate in the activities of political parties.
(b) Everyone has the freedom to form associations and societies, including the following:
1. the right to establish and participate in any association or society for economic, social, educational or cultural or purposes;
… (Art. 30) - Dhivehi(ހ) ސިޔާސީ ޕާޓީ އުފައްދައި، ހިންގައި، ޕާޓީތަކުގެ ޙަރަކާތްތަކުގައި ބައިވެރިވުމުގެ ހައްޤު ކޮންމެ ރައްޔިތަކަށްމެ ލިބިގެންވެއެވެ.
(ށ) ޖަމްޢިއްޔާތަކާއި ޖަމާޢަތްތައް ހެދުމުގެ މިނިވަންކަން ކޮންމެ މީހަކަންމެ ލިބިގެންވެއެވެ. މީގެ ތެރޭގައި އަންނަނިވި ހައްޤުތައް ހިމެނެއެވެ.
1. އިޤްތިސާދީ، އިޖްތިމާއި، ތައުލީމީ، ސަޤާފީ މަޤްސަދުތަކަށްޓަކައި، ޖަމްއިއްޔާތަކާއި ޖަމާއަތްތަކުގައި ބައިވެރިވުމުގެ ޙައްޤު.
... (ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 30 ވަނަ މާއްދާ)
Political Rights and Association
Liberia
- EnglishAll persons, at all times, in an orderly and peaceable manner, shall have the right to assemble and consult upon the common good, to instruct their representatives, to petition the Government or other functionaries for the redress of grievances and to associate fully with others or refuse to associate in political parties, trade unions and other organizations. (Art. 17)