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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) Subject to Subsection (4), the Supreme Court shall, on application by an authority referred to in Subsection (3), give its opinion on any question relating to the interpretation or application of any provision of a Constitutional Law, including (but without limiting the generality of that expression)any question as to the validity of a law or proposed law.
…
(3) The following authorities only are entitled to make application under Subsection (1):-
(a) the Parliament; and
(b) the Head of State, acting with, and in accordance with, the advice of the National Executive Council; and
(c) the Law Officers of Papua New Guinea; and
(d) the Law Reform Commission; and
(e) the Ombudsman Commission; and
(ea) a Provincial Assembly or a Local-level Government; and
(eb) a provincial executive; and
(ec) a body established by a Constitutional Law or an Act of the Parliament specifically for the settlement of disputes between the National Government and Provincial Governments or Local-level Governments, or between Provincial Governments, or between Provincial Governments and Local-level Governments, or Local-level Governments; and
(f) the Speaker, in accordance with Section 137(3) (Acts of Indemnity).
(4) Subject to any Act of the Parliament, the Rules of Court of the Supreme Court may make provision in respect of matters relating to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under this section, and in particular as to-
(a) the form and contents of questions to be decided by the Court; and
(b) the provision of counsel adequate to enable full argument before the Court of any question; and
(c) cases and circumstances in which the Court may decline to give an opinion.
… (Sec. 19)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court exercises the attributions which are devolved on it by the Articles of the Constitution and the provisions of the organic laws. It decides, moreover, on the regularity of the election of the members of Parliament and of the operations of referendum.
The organic laws before their promulgation and the regulations of the Chamber of Representatives and of the Chamber of Councilors, before their implementation, must be submitted to the Constitutional Court which decides on their conformity to the Constitution.
To the same ends, the laws, before their promulgation, may be deferred to the Constitutional Court by the King, the Head of Government, the President of the Chamber of Representatives, the President of the Chamber of Councilors, or by one-fifth of the members of the Chamber of Representatives or forty members of the Chamber of Councilors.
… (Art. 132) - Arabicتمارس المحكمة الدستورية الاختصاصات المسندة إليها بفصول الدستور، وبأحكام القوانين التنظيمية، وتبت في الاستفتاءات.
بالإضافة إلى ذلك في صحة انتخاب أعضاء البرلمان وعمليات الاستفتاء. تحال إلى المحكمة الدستورية القوانين التنظيمية قبل إصدار الأمر بتنفيذها، والأنظمة الداخلية لكل من مجلس النواب ومجلس المستشارين قبل الشروع في تطبيقها لتبتّ في مطابقتها للدستور.
يمكن للملك، وكذا لكل من رئيس الحكومة، أو رئيس مجلس النواب، أو رئيس مجلس المستشارين، أو خُمس أعضاء مجلس النواب، أو أربعين عضوا من أعضاء مجلس المستشارين، أن يحيلوا القوانين، قبل إصدار الأمر بتنفيذها، إلى المحكمة الدستورية، لتبت في مطابقتها للدستور.
... (الفصل 132)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
1. The Constitutional Court decides on:
a) compatibility of the law with the Constitution or with international agreements, as foreseen in Article 122;
b) compatibility of international agreements with the Constitution prior to their ratification;
c) compatibility of normative acts of the central and local bodies with the Constitution and international agreements;
ç) conflicts of competencies between state powers, as well as between central government and local government;
d) constitutionality of political parties and other political organizations, as well as their activity, as per Article 9 of this Constitution;
dh) dismissal from duty of the President of the Republic and finding of his/her inability to exercise his/her functions;
e) matters connected to the electability and noncompliance in assuming the functions of the President of the Republic, of deputies, of functionaries of bodies foreseen in the Constitution, as well as to the verification of their election;
ë) constitutionality of the referendum and verification of its results;
f) conclusive adjudication of the complaints of individuals against the acts of the public powers or judicial acts impairing the fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, after all effective legal means for the protection of these rights have been exhausted, unless provided otherwise by the Constitution.
2. The Constitutional Court, when recourse being sought for examining a law on the revision of the Constitution, approved by the Assembly according to Article 177, shall control only the compliance with the procedural requirements foreseen in the Constitution. (Art. 131) - Albanian
1. Gjykata Kushtetuese vendos për:
a) pajtueshmërinë e ligjit me Kushtetutën ose me marrëveshjet ndërkombëtare, siç parashikohet në nenin 122;
b) pajtueshmërinë e marrëveshjeve ndërkombëtare me Kushtetutën para ratifikimit të tyre;
c) pajtueshmërinë e akteve normative të organeve qendrore dhe vendore me Kushtetutën dhe me marrëveshjet ndërkombëtare;
ç) mosmarrëveshjet e kompetencës ndërmjet pushteteve, si dhe ndërmjet pushtetit qendror dhe qeverisjes vendore;
d) kushtetutshmërinë e partive dhe të organizatave të tjera politike, si dhe të veprimtarisë së tyre, sipas nenit 9 të kësaj Kushtetute;
dh) shkarkimin nga detyra të Presidentit të Republikës dhe vërtetimin e pamundësisë së ushtrimit të funksioneve të tij;
e) çështjet që lidhen me zgjedhshmërinë dhe papajtueshmëritë në ushtrimin e funksioneve të Presidentit të Republikës, të deputetëve, të funksionarëve të organeve të parashikuara në Kushtetutë, si dhe me verifikimin e zgjedhjes së tyre.
ë) kushtetutshmerinë e referendumit dhe verifikimin e rezultateve të tij;
f) gjykimin përfundimtar të ankesave të individëve kundër çdo akti të pushtetit publik ose vendimi gjyqësor që cenon të drejtat dhe liritë themelore të garantuara në Kushtetutë, pasi të jenë shteruar të gjitha mjetet juridike efektive për mbrojtjen e këtyre të drejtave, përveçse kur parashikohet ndryshe në Kushtetutë.
2. Gjykata Kushtetuese, në rastin kur vihet në lëvizje për shqyrtimin e një ligji për rishikimin e Kushtetutës, të miratuar nga Kuvendi sipas nenit 177, kontrollon vetëm respektimin e procedurës së parashikuar nga Kushtetuta. (Neni 131)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of sections 22(2), 37(6), 41(11), 58(7), 117(8), 121(3) and 124(10), any person who alleges that any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter I3 thereof) has been or is being contravened may, if he or she has a relevant interest, apply to the High Court for a declaration and for relief under this section.
(2) The High Court shall have jurisdiction on an application made under this section to determine whether any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter I thereof) has been or is being contravened and to make a declaration accordingly.
(3) Where the High Court makes a declaration under this section that a provision of this Constitution has been or is being contravened and the person on whose application the declaration is made has also applied for relief, the High Court may grant to that person such remedy as it considers appropriate, being a remedy available generally under any law in proceedings in the High Court.
(4) The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on the Court by or under this section, including provision with respect to the time within which any application under this section may be made.
(5) A person shall be regarded as having a relevant interest for the purpose of an application under this section only if the contravention of this Constitution alleged by him or her is such as to affect his or her interests.
(6) The right conferred on a person by this section to apply for a declaration and relief in respect of an alleged contravention of this Constitution shall be in addition to any other action in respect of the same matter that may be available to that person under any other law.
(7) Nothing in this section shall confer jurisdiction on the High Court to hear or determine any such question as is referred to in section 39. (Sec. 105)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The Constitutional Court is referred [to a matter] by the President of the Republic, the President of the Council of the Nation, the President of the National People's Assembly or by the Prime Minister or the Head of the Government, according to the case.
It may equally be referred [to a matter] by forty (40) Deputies or twenty-five (25) members of the Council of the Nation.
The exercise of the referral enunciated in the two preceding paragraphs does not extend to the referral [to a matter] in a pleading [exception] of unconstitutionality enunciated in Article 195 below. (Art. 193) - Arabic
تخطر المحكمة الدستورية من رئيس الجمهورية أو رئيس مجلس األمة أو رئيس المجلس الشعبي الوطني أو من الوزير األول أو رئيس الحكومة، حسب الحالة.
يمكن إخطارها كذلك من أربعين (40) نائبا أو خمسة وعشرين (25) عضوا في مجلس األمة.
ال تمتد ممارسة اإلخطار المبين في الفقرتين األولى والثانية إلى اإلخطار بالدفع بعدم الدستورية المبّين في المادة 195 أدناه. (المــادة 193) - French
La Cour constitutionnelle est saisie par le Président de la République, le Président du Conseil de la Nation, le Président de l’Assemblée Populaire Nationale ou par le Premier ministre ou le Chef du Gouvernement, selon le cas.
Elle peut être également saisie par quarante (40) députés ou vingt-cinq (25) membres du Conseil de la Nation.
L’exercice de la saisine énoncée aux deux alinéas précédents ne s’étend pas à la saisine en exception d’inconstitutionnalité énoncée à l’article 195 ci-dessous. (Art. 193)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute between the Federation and a state or between states if and in so far as that dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.
(2) In addition to the jurisdiction conferred upon it by subsection (1) of this section, the Supreme Court shall have such original jurisdiction as may be conferred upon it by any Act of the National Assembly:
Provided that no original jurisdiction shall be conferred upon the Supreme Court with respect to any criminal matter. (Sec. 232)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English...
3. The Constitutional Court shall uphold this Constitution.
a) The Constitutional Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction to decide any dispute that arises under this Constitution between the Entities or between Bosnia and Herzegovina and an Entity or Entities, or between institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including but not limited to:
- Whether an Entity's decision to establish a special parallel relationship with a neighboring state is consistent with this Constitution, including provisions concerning the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Whether any provision of an Entity's constitution or law is consistent with this Constitution.
Disputes may be referred only by a member of the Presidency, by the Chair of the Council of Ministers, by the Chair or a Deputy Chair of either chamber of the Parliamentary Assembly, by one-fourth of the members of either chamber of the Parliamentary Assembly, or by one-fourth of either chamber of a legislature of an Entity.
b) The Constitutional Court shall also have appellate jurisdiction over issues under this Constitution arising out of a judgment of any other court in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
c) The Constitutional Court shall have jurisdiction over issues referred by any court in Bosnia and Herzegovina concerning whether a law, on whose validity its decision depends, is compatible with this Constitution, with the European Convention for Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its Protocols, or with the laws of Bosnia and Herzegovina; or concerning the existence of or the scope of a general rule of public international law pertinent to the court's decision.
… (Art. VI) - Bosnian...
3. Ustavni sud će podržavati ovaj Ustav.
a) Ustavni sud je jedini nadležan da odlučuje o bilo kojem sporu koji se javlja po ovom Ustavu između dva entiteta, ili između Bosne i Hercegovine i jednog ili oba entiteta, te između institucija Bosne i Hercegovine, uključujući ali ne ograničavajući se na to pitanje:
- Da li je odluka entiteta da uspostavi poseban paralelan odnos sa susjednom državom u skladu sa ovim Ustavom, uključujući i odredbe koje se odnose na suverenitet i teritorijalni integritet Bosne i Hercegovine.
- Da li je bilo koja odredba ustava ili zakona jednog entiteta u skladu sa ovim Ustavom.
Sporove može pokrenuti član Predsjedništva, predsjedavajući Vijeća ministara, predsjedavajući, ili njegov zamjenik, bilo kojeg doma Parlamentarne skupštine; jedna četvrtina članova/delegata bilo kojeg doma Parlamentarne skupštine, ili jedna četvrtina članova bilo kojeg doma zakonodavnog organa jednog entiteta.
b) Ustavni sud također ima apelacionu nadležnost u pitanjima koja su sadržana u ovom Ustavu, kada ona postanu predmet spora zbog presude bilo kojeg suda u Bosni i Hercegovini.
c) Ustavni sud je nadležan u pitanjima koja mu je proslijedio bilo koji sud u Bosni i Hercegovini u pogledu toga da li je zakon, o čijem važenju njegova odluka ovisi, kompatibilan sa ovim Ustavom, sa Evropskom konvencijom o ljudskim pravima i osnovnim slobodama i njenim protokolima, ili sa zakonima Bosne i Hercegovine; ili u pogledu postojanja ili domašaja nekog opšteg pravila međunarodnog javnog prava koje je bitno za odluku suda.
… (Član VI) - Croatian...
3. Ustavni sud će podržavati ovaj Ustav.
a) Ustavni sud ima isključivu nadležnost odlučivanja o svim sporovima koji proisteknu iz ovog Ustava između entiteta, ili između Bosne i Hercegovine i jednog ili oba entiteta, ili između institucija Bosne i Hercegovine, uključujući, ali se ne ograničavajući se na to:
- Je li odluka nekog entiteta da uspostavi posebne paralelne odnose sa susjednom državom sukladna ovom Ustavu, uključujući i odredbe koje se tiču suvereniteta i teritorijalnog integriteta Bosne i Hercegovine.
- Je li neka odredba ustava ili zakona jednog entiteta sukladna ovom Ustavu.
Spor može pokrenuti član Predsjedništva, predsjedavajući Vijeća ministara, predsjedavaju-ći ili dopredsjedavajući jednog od domova Parlamentarne skupštine; jedna četvrtina članova/delegata jednog od domova Parlamentarne skupštine, ili jedna četvrtina jednog od domova zakonodavnog tijela jednog entiteta.
b) Ustavni sud također ima prizivnu nadležnost za pitanja iz Ustava koja se pojave na temelju presude bilo kojeg drugog suda u Bosni i Hercegovini.
c) Ustavni sud će imati nadležnost za pitanja koja mu podnese bilo koji sud u Bosni i Hercegovini, a koja se tiču toga je li neki zakon o čijoj valjanosti ovisi njegova odluka sukladno ovom Ustavu, s Europskom konvencijom za ljudska prava i temeljne slobode i njezinim protokolima, ili sa zakonima Bosne i Hercegovine; ili koja se tiču postojanja ili djelokruga nekog općeg pravila međunarodnog javnog prava koje je bitno za odluku suda.
… (Članak VI) - Serbian...
3. Уставни суд ће штитити овај Устав.
а) Уставни суд има искључиву надлежност да одлучује у споровима који по овом Уставу настају између ентитета, или између Босне и Херцеговине и једног или оба ентитета, или између институција Босне и Херцеговине, укључујући, али се не ограничавајући само на то:
- Да ли је одлука неког ентитета да успостави специјални паралелни однос са неком од сусједних држава сагласна овом Уставу, укључујући и одредбе које се односе на суверенитет и територијални интегритет Босне и Херцеговине.
- Да ли је неки члан устава или закона ентитета у сагласности са овим Уставом.
Спорове могу покретати само чланови Предсједништва, предсједавајући Министарског савјета, предсједавајући или замјеник предсједавајућег било којег вијећа Парламентарне скупштине, једна четвртина чланова било којег вијећа Парламентарне скупштине или једна четвртина било ког законодавног вијећа неког ентитета.
b) б)Уставни суд има и апелациону надлежност над питањима по овом Уставу, која проистичу из пресуде сваког суда у Босни и Херцеговини.
c) ц) Уставни суд има надлежност у питањима која му упути било који суд у Босни и Херцеговини, а односи се на то да ли је закон на чијој ваљаности почива његова одлука, сагласан са овим Уставом, Европском конвенцијом о људским правима и основним слободама и њеним протоколима, или са законима Босне и Херцеговине; или у погледу постојања или дјелокруга неког општег правила међународног јавног права које је од значаја за одлуку тог суда.
… (Члан VI)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishAll of the judges of the Republic, within their respective spheres of competence and in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and law, are obligated to ensure the integrity of the Constitution.
In the event of incompatibility between the Constitution and a law or other juridical provision, the provisions of the Constitution shall prevail, being the responsibility of the courts to rule accordingly in any case, even ex officio.
The Constitutional Division of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice, as court of constitutional competence, shall have the exclusive power to declare the nullity of laws and other acts of organs exercising Public Power which are issued by way of direct and immediate implementation of the Constitution or have the status of law. (Art. 334) - SpanishTodos los jueces o juezas de la República, en el ámbito de sus competencias y conforme a lo previsto en esta Constitución y en la ley, están en la obligación de asegurar la integridad de esta Constitución.
En caso de incompatibilidad entre esta Constitución y una ley u otra norma jurídica, se aplicarán las disposiciones constitucionales, correspondiendo a los tribunales en cualquier causa, aún de oficio, decidir lo conducente.
Corresponde exclusivamente a la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia como jurisdicción constitucional, declarar la nulidad de las leyes y demás actos de los órganos que ejercen el Poder Público dictados en ejecución directa e inmediata de la Constitución o que tengan rango de ley, cuando colidan con aquella. (Art. 334)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishAn appeal shall lie as of right to the Court of Appeal from any decision of the High Court which involves the interpretation of this Constitution, other than a decision of the High Court under section 69(1) of this Constitution:
Provided that no appeal shall lie from a determination of the High Court under this section dismissing an application on the ground that it is frivolous or vexatious. (Sec. 106)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) There shall be a Supreme Court which shall, in addition to the jurisdiction and powers conferred by this Constitution, have-
(a) original jurisdiction in matters relating to application, contravention, enforcement interpretation of this Constitution;
…
(2) Proceedings in respect of matters relating to the application, contravention, enforcement or interpretation of this Constitution shall take precedence over other matters before the Supreme Court.
… (Art. 125)