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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Head of State
- EnglishThe Executive Branch is composed of the President of the Republic and the Ministers of State, according to the provisions of this Constitution. (Art. 175)
- SpanishEl Órgano Ejecutivo está constituido por el Presidente de la República y los Ministros de Estado, según las normas de esta Constitución. (Art. 175)
Head of State
- EnglishThe President of the Republic is the Head of the State and a symbol of the unity of the country and represents the sovereignty of the country. He shall guarantee the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, and the safety of its territories, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. (Art. 67)
- Arabicرئيس الجمهورية هو رئيس الدولة ورمز وحدة الوطن يمثل سيادة البلاد، و يسهر على ضمان الالتزام بالدستور، والمحافظة على استقلال العراق، وسيادته، ووحدته، وسلامة اراضيه، وفقاً لاحكام الدستور. (المادة 67)
Head of State
- English1 There shall be a President of Ireland (Uachtarán na hÉireann), hereinafter called the President, who shall take precedence over all other persons in the State and who shall exercise and perform the powers and functions conferred on the President by this Constitution and by law.
2 1° The President shall be elected by direct vote of the people.
2° Every citizen who has the right to vote at an election for members of Dáil Éireann shall have the right to vote at an election for President.
3° The voting shall be by secret ballot and on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
…
4 1° Every citizen who has reached his thirty-fifth year of age is eligible for election to the office of President.
2° Every candidate for election, not a former or retiring President, must be nominated either by
i not less than twenty persons, each of whom is at the time a member of one of the Houses of the Oireachtas, or
ii by the Councils of not less than four administrative Counties (including County Boroughs) as defined by law.
… (Art. 12) - Irish Gaelic1 Beidh Uachtarán ar Éirinn (.i. Uachtarán na hÉireann), ar a dtugtar an tUachtarán sa Bhunreacht seo feasta; beidh tosach aige ar gach uile dhuine sa Stát, agus ní foláir dó na cumhachtaí agus na feidhmeanna a bheirtear don Uachtarán leis an mBunreacht seo agus le dlí a oibriú agus a chomhlíonadh.
2 1° Le vóta lomdíreach an phobail a thoghfar an tUachtarán.
2° Gach saoránach ag a bhfuil ceart vótála i dtoghchán do chomhaltaí de Dháil Éireann, beidh ceart vótála aige i dtoghchán don Uachtarán.
3° Is le rúnbhallóid agus de réir na hionadaíochta cionúire agus ar mhodh an aonghutha inaistrithe a dhéanfar an vótáil.
…
4 1° Gach saoránach ag a bhfuil cúig bliana tríochad slán, is intofa chun oifig an Uachtaráin é.
2° Gach iarrthóir d’oifig an Uachtaráin, seachas duine atá nó a bhí ina Uachtarán cheana, is uathu seo a leanas nach foláir a ainmniú a theacht
i fiche duine ar a laghad agus gach duine faoi leith díobh sin ina chomhalta, in alt na huaire, de Theach de Thithe an Oireachtais, nó
ii Comhairlí ceithre Chontae riaracháin ar a laghad (agus Contae-Bhuirgí a áireamh) mar a mhínítear le dlí.
… (Airteagal 12)
Head of State
- English(1) As the Head of State, the President shall uphold, protect and defend the Constitution as the Supreme Law, and shall perform with dignity and leadership all acts necessary, expedient, reasonable and incidental to the discharge of the executive functions of the Government, subject to the overriding terms of this Constitution and the laws of Namibia, which he or she is constitutionally obliged to protect to administer and to execute.
… (Art. 32)
Head of State
- English1. The President and the Vice-President are elected by the National Assembly for five years. ... (Art. 91)
- Dutch1. De President en de Vice-President worden door De Nationale Assemblée voor vijf jaren gekozen. ... (Art. 91)
Head of State
- EnglishKuwait is a hereditary Amirate held in succession in the descendants of the Mubarak Al Sabah.
The Heir Apparent shall be appointed within a period not exceeding one year from the date of the Amir's investiture, and his appointment shall follow his nomination by the Amir and the swearing of fealty to him by a consenting majority of the members composing the National Assembly sitting in special session.
Where the appointment does not proceed as indicated above, the Amir shall nominate at least three of the above-mentioned lineage to the heirdom and the Assembly shall swear fealty to one of them as Heir Apparent.
To qualify, the Heir Apparent must have attained the age of majority, must be endowed with reason and must be a legitimate son of Muslim parents.
All of the provisions governing the succession to the Principality shall be set out in a special Ordinance to be promulgated within one year from the coming into force of this Constitution. This special Ordinance shall have force of constitutional law and may not therefore be amended save in the manner prescribed for the amendment of the Constitution itself. (Art. 4) - Arabicالكويت إمارة وراثية في ذرية المغفور له مبارك الصباح.
ويعين ولي العهد خلال سنة على الأكثر من تولية الأمير، ويكون تعيينه بأمر أميري بناء على تزكية الأمير ومبايعة من مجلس الأمة تتم في جلسة خاصة، بموافقة أغلبية الأعضاء الذين يتألف منهم المجلس.
وفي حالة عدم التعيين على النحو السابق يزكي الأمير لولاية العهد ثلاثة على الأقل من الذرية المذكورة فيبايع المجلس أحدهم ولياً للعهد.
ويشترط في ولي العهد أن يكون رشيداً عاقلاً وابناً شرعياً لأبوين مسلمين.
وينظم سائر الأحكام الخاصة بتوارث الإمارة قانون خاص يصدر في خلال سنة من تاريخ العمل بهذا الدستور، وتكون له صفة دستورية، فلا يجوز تعديله إلا بالطريقة المقررة لتعديل الدستور. (المادّة 4)
Head of State
- English(1) The executive authority of Malta is vested in the President.
… (Art. 78) - Maltese(1) L-awtorità esekuttiva ta’ Malta hija fil-President.
… (Art. 78)
Head of State
- EnglishThere shall be a President of Seychelles who shall be the Head of State, Head of Government and Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces of Seychelles. (Art. 50)
Head of State
- EnglishThe following are attributions and duties of the President of the Republic:
1. To comply with and enforce this Constitution and the law.
… (Art. 236) - SpanishSon atribuciones y obligaciones del Presidente o Presidenta de la República:
1. Cumplir y hacer cumplir esta Constitución y la ley.
… (Art. 236)
Head of State
- English
1. Presidential elections shall be conducted in two stages.
2. Political parties which have obtained seats in the State Great Khural shall nominate individually or collectively one single candidate each for Presidency.
3. At the primary stage of the elections citizens eligible for election shall participate in electing the President on the basis of universal, free and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
4. The State Great Khural shall consider the candidate who has obtained a majority of all votes cast in the first voting as elected the President and shall pass a law recognizing his/her powers.
… (Art. 31) - Mongolian
1. Ерөнхийлөгчийн сонгууль хоёр шаттай байна.
2. Улсын Их Хуралд суудал бүхий нам дангаараа буюу хамтран Ерөнхийлөгчид тус бүр нэг хүний нэр дэвшүүлнэ.
3. Анхан шатны сонгуульд Монгол Улсын сонгуулийн эрх бүхий иргэд нийтээрээ, чөлөөтэй, шууд сонгох эрхтэй оролцож, Ерөнхийлөгчид нэр дэвшигчийн талаар саналаа нууцаар гаргана.
4. Ерөнхийлөгчийн анхан шатны сонгуульд оролцсон нийт сонгогчийн олонхийн санал авсан нэр дэвшигчийг Улсын Их Хурал Ерөнхийлөгчөөр сонгогдсон гэж үзэж бүрэн эрхийг нь хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн хууль гаргана.
… (Гучин нэгдүгээр зүйл)