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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishCitizens individually or collectively shall be entitled to file a special petition for protection against judgments, final writs or resolutions that have the force of sentencing. For ruling on the admissibility of this appeal, the court shall check compliance with the following requirements:
1. That the judgments, writs and resolutions are final and fully enforceable.
2. That the complainant shows that, in the judgment, there has been a breach, either by deed or omission, of due process of law or other rights enshrined in the Constitution. (Art. 437) - SpanishLos ciudadanos en forma individual o colectiva podrán presentar una acción extraordinaria de protección contra sentencias, autos definitivos y resoluciones con fuerza de sentencia. Para la admisión de este recurso la Corte constatará el cumplimiento de los siguientes requisitos:
1. Que se trate de sentencias, autos y resoluciones firmes o ejecutoriados.
2. Que el recurrente demuestre que en el juzgamiento se ha violado, por acción u omisión, el debido proceso u otros derechos reconocidos en la Constitución. (Art. 437)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Supreme Court of the Republic is the highest judicial authority. The law shall specify how it can be formed, clarify its functions and the procedures to be followed before it. It shall undertake to do the following:
a. Judge on cases and pleas that laws, regulations, by-laws and decisions are not constitutional.
b. Judge disputes over conflict of jurisdiction.
c. Investigate and give opinions regarding appeals referred by the House of Representatives which relate to its membership.
d. Rule on appeals of final judgments in civilian, commercial, criminal, personal and administrative disputes and disciplinary cases according to the law.
e. To try the President of the Republic, the Vice President, the Prime Minister, his deputies, the ministers and their deputies according to the law. (Art. 153) - Arabicالمحكمة العليا للجمهورية هي أعلى هيئة قضائية ، ويحدد القانون كيفية تشكيلها ويبين اختصاصاتها والإجراءات التي تتبع أمامها ، وتمارس على وجه الخصوص في مجال القضاء ما يلي:
أ.الفصل في الدعاوى والدفوع المتعلقة بعدم دستورية القوانين واللوائح والأنظمة والقرارات.
ب.الفصل في تنازع الاختصاص بين جهات القضاء.
ج.التحقيق وإبداء الرأي في صحة الطعون المحالة إليها من مجلس النواب المتعلقة بصحة عضوية أي من أعضائه.
د.الفصل في الطعون في الاحكام النهائية وذلك في القضايا المدنية والتجارية والجنائية والأحوال الشخصية والمنازعات الإدارية والدعاوى التأديبية وفقاً للقانون.
ه.محاكمة رئيس الجمهورية ونائب الرئيس ورئيس الوزراء ونوابه والوزراء ونوابهم وفقاً للقانون.( مادة 153)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
Beside the other attributions which are expressly conferred on it by other provisions of the Constitution, the Constitutional Court decides by an decision on the constitutionality of the treaties, the laws and the regulations.
The Constitutional Court may be referred to [the matter] of the constitutionality of the treaties before their ratification, and of the laws before their promulgation.
The Constitutional Court may be referred to [the matter] of the constitutionality of the regulations within a time period of one month, counting from the date of their publication.
The Constitutional Court decides equally by decision on the conventionality of the laws and of the regulations within the conditions established respectively in paragraphs 2 and 3 above.
The Constitutional Court is obligatorily referred to [the matter] of the conformity of the organic laws with the Constitution by the President of the Republic after their adoption by the Parliament. It decides by a decision on the whole of the text.
The Constitutional Court equally decides in the same forms provided for in the previous paragraph of the conformity of the internal regulations of each of the two chambers of the Parliament. (Art. 190) - Arabic
بالإضافة إلى الاختصاصات التي خولتها إياها صراحة أحكام أخرى في الدستور، تفصِل المحكمة الدستورية بقرار في دستورية المعاهدات والقوانين والتنظيمات.
يمكن إخطار المحكمة الدستورية بشأن دستورية المعاهدات قبل التصديق عليها، والقوانين قبل إصدارها.
يمكن إخطار المحكمة الدستورية بشأن دستورية التنظيمات خلال شهر من تاريخ نشرها.
تفصل المحكمة الدستورية بقرار حول توافق القوانين والتنظيمـات مع المعاهدات، ضمن الشروط المحددة، على التوالي، في الفقرتين 2 و 3 أعلاه.
يُخطِر رئــيس الجمهوريّة المحكمة الدستورية وجوبا، حول مطابقة القوانين الــعضويّـة للدستور بعد أن يصـادق عليهـا البرلمان. وتفصل المحكمة الدستورية بقرار بشأن النص كله.
تفصِل المحكمة الدستورية في مطابقة النّظام الدّاخلي لكلّ من غرفتي البرلمان للدستور،حسب الإجراءات المذكورة في الفقرة السّابقة. (المــادة 190) - French
Outre les autres attributions qui lui sont expressément conférées par d’autres dispositions de la Constitution, la Cour constitutionnelle se prononce par une décision sur la constitutionnalité des traités, des lois et des règlements.
La Cour constitutionnelle peut être saisie sur la constitutionnalité des traités avant leur ratification, et sur les lois avant leur promulgation.
La Cour constitutionnelle peut être saisie sur la constitutionnalité des règlements dans un délai d’un mois, à partir de la date de leur publication.
La Cour constitutionnelle se prononce également par décision sur la conventionnalité des lois et des règlements dans les conditions fixées respectivement aux paragraphes 2 et 3 ci-dessus.
La Cour constitutionnelle est saisie obligatoirement par le Président de la République sur la conformité des lois organiques à la Constitution après leur adoption par le Parlement. Elle statue par une décision sur l’ensemble du texte.
La Cour constitutionnelle se prononce également dans les mêmes formes prévues à l’alinéa précédent sur la conformité du règlement intérieur de chacune des deux chambres du Parlement. (Art. 190)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court decides on:
- the constitutionality of the laws before their promulgation;
- the electoral disputes [contentieux] of the national elections;
- the Internal Regulations of the National Assembly, of the Economic and Social Council, of the High Authority of Communication, of the Independent National Electoral Commission, of the National Institution of Human Rights, of the Mediator of the Republic, [and] of the High Council of the Local Collectivities regarding their conformity to the Constitution;
- the conflicts of attributions between the constitutional organs;
- the exception [pleadings] of unconstitutionality raised before the jurisdictions;
- the recourses formed against the acts of the President of the Republic taken in application of Articles 2, 45, 74 and 90, as well as the recourses formed against the Ordinances taken in application of Article 82, under reserve of their ratification. (Art. 94) - FrenchLa Cour Constitutionnelle statue sur :
- la constitutionnalité des lois avant leur promulgation ;
- le contentieux des élections nationales ;
- le règlement intérieur de l'Assemblée nationale, du Conseil économique et social, de la Haute Autorité de la communication, de la Commission électorale nationale indépendante, de l'Institution nationale des droits humains, du Médiateur de la République, du Haut Conseil des collectivités locales quant à leur conformité à la Constitution.
- les conflits d'attributions entre les organes constitutionnels ;
- l'exception d'inconstitutionnalité soulevée devant les juridictions ;
- les recours formés contre les actes du président de la République pris en application des articles 2, 45, 74 et 90, ainsi que les recours formés contre les ordonnances prises en application de l'article 82, sous réserve de leur ratification. (Art. 94)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) An appeal to the Court of Appeal shall lie as of right from decisions of the High Court in the following cases, that is to say -
(a) final decisions in any civil or criminal proceedings on questions as to the interpretation of this Constitution; and
(b) final decisions given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the High Court by article 153 (which relates to the enforcement of fundamental rights and freedoms).
(2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply to the matters for which provision is made by article 163. (Art. 133)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishSupervision of the constitutionality of enforceable enactments of the state shall be exercised by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus.
…
The Constitutional Court on the recommendations of the President of the Republic of Belarus, the House of Representatives, the Council of the Republic, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Belarus, the Supreme Economic Court of the Republic of Belarus, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus shall produce a ruling on:
the conformity of laws, decrees and edicts of the President, international agreements and other obligations of the Republic of Belarus to the Constitution and instruments of international law ratified by the Republic of Belarus;
the conformity of instruments of interstate formations of which the Republic of Belarus is part, edicts of the President of the Republic of Belarus which are issued to the execution of the law, to the Constitution, instruments of international law ratified by the Republic of Belarus, laws and decrees;
on the conformity of the decisions of the Council of Ministers and orders of the Supreme Court, the Supreme Economic Court, Prosecutor General to the Constitution, instruments of international law ratified by the Republic of Belarus, laws, decrees and edicts;
the conformity of enactments of any other state body to the Constitution, instruments of international law ratified by the Republic of Belarus, laws, decrees and edicts.
Enforceable enactments or their particular provisions which are considered unconstitutional shall be deemed invalid in accordance with the procedure determined by the law.
In instances specified by the Constitution, the Constitutional Court with regard to the proposal of the President shall give its conclusion on the presence of instances of systematic or flagrant violation of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus by the chambers of Parliament.
… (Art. 116) - BelarusianКантроль за канстытуцыйнасцю нарматыўных актаў у дзяржаве ажыццяўляецца Канстытуцыйным Судом Рэспублікі Беларусь.
…
Канстытуцыйны Суд па прапановах Прэзідэнта Рэспублікі Беларусь, Палаты прадстаўнікоў, Савета Рэспублікі, Вярхоўнага Суда Рэспублікі Беларусь, Вышэйшага Гаспадарчага Суда Рэспублікі Беларусь, Савета Міністраў Рэспублікі Беларусь дае заключэнні:
аб адпаведнасці законаў, дэкрэтаў, указаў Прэзідэнта, міжнародных дагаворных і іншых абавязацельстваў Рэспублікі Беларусь Канстытуцыі і міжнародна-прававым актам, ратыфікаваным Рэспублікай Беларусь;
аб адпаведнасці актаў міждзяржаўных утварэнняў, у якія ўваходзіць Рэспубліка Беларусь, указаў Прэзідэнта, выдадзеных у мэтах выканання закона, Канстытуцыі, міжнародна-прававым актам, ратыфікаваным Рэспублікай Беларусь, законам і дэкрэтам;
аб адпаведнасці пастаноў Савета Міністраў, актаў Вярхоўнага Суда, Вышэйшага Гаспадарчага Суда, Генеральнага пракурора Канстытуцыі, міжнародна-прававым актам, ратыфікаваным Рэспублікай Беларусь, законам, дэкрэтам і ўказам;
аб адпаведнасці актаў любога другога дзяржаўнага органа Канстытуцыі, міжнародна-прававым актам, ратыфікаваным Рэспублікай Беларусь, законам, дэкрэтам і ўказам.
Нарматыўныя акты або іх асобныя палажэнні, прызнаныя неканстытуцыйнымі, страчваюць сілу ў парадку, што вызначаецца законам.
У выпадках, прадугледжаных Канстытуцыяй, Канстытуцыйны Суд па прапанове Прэзідэнта дае заключэнне аб наяўнасці фактаў сістэматычнага або грубага парушэння палатамі Парламента Канстытуцыі Рэспублікі Беларусь.
… (Артыкул 116) - RussianКонтроль за конституционностью нормативных актов в государстве осуществляется Конституционным Судом Республики Беларусь.
…
Конституционный Суд по предложениям Президента Республики Беларусь, Палаты представителей, Совета Республики, Верховного Суда Республики Беларусь, Высшего Хозяйственного Суда Республики Беларусь, Совета Министров Республики Беларусь дает заключения:
о соответствии законов, декретов, указов Президента, международных договорных и иных обязательств Республики Беларусь Конституции и международно-правовым актам, ратифицированным Республикой Беларусь;
о соответствии актов межгосударственных образований, в которые входит Республика Беларусь, указов Президента, изданных во исполнение закона, Конституции, международно-правовым актам, ратифицированным Республикой Беларусь, законам и декретам;
о соответствии постановлений Совета Министров, актов Верховного Суда, Высшего Хозяйственного Суда, Генерального прокурора Конституции, международно-правовым актам, ратифицированным Республикой Беларусь, законам, декретам и указам;
о соответствии актов любого другого государственного органа Конституции, международно-правовым актам, ратифицированным Республикой Беларусь, законам, декретам и указам.
Нормативные акты или их отдельные положения, признанные неконституционными, утрачивают силу в порядке, определяемом законом.
В случаях, предусмотренных Конституцией, Конституционный Суд по предложению Президента дает заключение о наличии фактов систематического или грубого нарушения палатами Парламента Конституции Республики Беларусь.
… (Статья 116)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The organic laws before their promulgation, the Internal Regulations of the National Assembly, of the High Authority for Broadcasting and of Communication and of the Economic and Social Council prior to their implementation, must be submitted to the Constitutional Court which decides on their conformity with the Constitution. (Art. 123)
- French
Les lois organiques avant leur promulgation, les Règlements intérieurs de l'Assemblée nationale, de la Haute Autorité de l'Audiovisuel et de la Communication et du Conseil économique et social avant leur mise en application, doivent être soumis à la Cour constitutionnelle qui se prononce sur leur conformité à la Constitution. (Art. 123)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
…
Before any ratification, the treaties are submitted by the President of the Republic, to the control of constitutionality of the High Constitutional Court.
… (Art. 137) - French
…
Avant toute ratification, les traités sont soumis par le Président de la République, au contrôle de constitutionnalité de la Haute Cour Constitutionnelle.
… (Art. 137)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The following recourses and mechanisms of constitutional control are also established:
1) The Recourse of Habeas Data as guarantee of protection [tutela] of personal data established [asentados] in archives, registers, databases or other technical means, of public or private nature, whose publicity constitutes [an] invasion of personal privacy and has relevance to the treatment of sensitive data of the persons in their intimate and familiar domain [ámbito]. The Recourse of Habeas Data proceeds in favor of any person to know in what circumstances, to what ends, when, and who makes contact with their personal data and its improper [indebida] publicity.
2) The conflict of competence and constitutionality between the Powers of the State. The representatives of the Powers of the State will promote the conflict of competence and constitutionality when they consider that a law, decree or regulation, act, resolution or provision of another organ [órgano], invades the domain of their privative constitutional competences.
3) The control of constitutionality in [a] concrete case as incidental mechanism of control. When in a case submitted to the cognizance of [a] judicial authority, it considers that a norm on whose validity the decision [fallo] depends is contrary to the Constitution, it must proceed to declare its unconstitutionality for that specific [en concreto] case. The parties in the process may solicit the unconstitutionality of a norm that is being applied to the case. The judicial authority must pronounce itself on the point, accepting [acogiendo] or rejecting the claim [pretensión].
4) The conflicts of constitutionality between the Central Government and the Municipal Governments and [Governments] of the Autonomous Regions of the Caribbean Coast.
The Law of Constitutional Justice will regulate the recourses and mechanism established in this chapter.3 (Art. 190) - Spanish
Se establecen también los siguientes recursos y mecanismos de control constitucional:
1) El Recurso de Habeas Data como garantía de tutela de datos personales asentados en archivos, registros, bancos de datos u otros medios técnicos, de naturaleza pública o privada, cuya publicidad constituya invasión a la privacidad personal y tenga relevancia con el tratamiento de datos sensibles de las personas en su ámbito íntimo y familiar. El Recurso de Habeas Data procede a favor de toda persona para saber quién, cuándo, con qué fines y en qué circunstancias toma contacto con sus datos personales y su publicidad indebida.
2) El conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad entre los Poderes del Estado. Los representantes de los Poderes del Estado promoverán el conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad cuando consideren que una ley, decreto o reglamento, acto, resolución o disposición de otro órgano, invade el ámbito de sus competencias privativas constitucionales.
3) El control de constitucionalidad en caso concreto como un mecanismo incidental de control. Cuando en un caso sometido al conocimiento de autoridad judicial, ésta considere que una norma de cuya validez depende el fallo es contraria a la Constitución, deberá proceder a declarar su inconstitucionalidad para el caso en concreto. Las partes en el proceso pueden solicitar la inconstitucionalidad de una norma que se esté aplicando al caso. La autoridad judicial deberá pronunciarse sobre el punto, acogiendo o rechazando la pretensión.
4) Los conflictos de constitucionalidad entre el Gobierno Central y los Gobiernos Municipales y de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe.
La Ley de Justicia Constitucional regulará los recursos y mecanismos establecidos en este capítulo. (Art. 190)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishWhen determining a case, the courts refuse to give effect to a law or other legislation that is in conflict with the Constitution.
The Supreme Court declares invalid any law or other legislation that is in conflict with the letter and spirit of the Constitution. (Sec. 152) - EstonianKohus jätab kohtuasja lahendamisel kohaldamata mis tahes seaduse või muu õigusakti, kui see on vastuolus põhiseadusega.
Riigikohus tunnistab kehtetuks mis tahes seaduse või muu õigusakti, kui see on vastuolus põhiseaduse sätte ja mõttega. (§ 152)