SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishProperty shall be safe from violation. No one shall be forbidden from owning property and acquiring it, unless limited by the provisions of law. ... (Art. 40)
- Dariملكیت از تعرض مصؤن است. هیچ شخص از كسب ملكیت و تصرف در آن منع نمی شود، مگر در حدود احكام قانون. ... (مادۀ ۴۰)
- Pashtoملكيت له تيري څخه خوندى دى. هېڅوك د ملكيت د ترلاسه كولو او په هغه كې له تصرف كولو څخه نه منع كېږي، مگر د قانون د احكامو په حدودوكې. (۴۰ ماده)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishRural collective economic organizations practice the double-tier management system that combines unified and separate operations on the basis of the household-based output- related contracted responsibility system. Various forms of the cooperative economy in rural areas such as producers', supply and marketing, credit and consumers' cooperatives belong to the sector of the socialist economy under collective ownership by the working people. Working people who are members of rural economic collectives have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots of cropland and hilly land allotted for private use, engage in household sideline production and raise privately owned livestock.
… (Art. 8) - Chinese农村集体经济组织实行家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制。农村中的生产、供销、信用、消费等各种形式的合作经济,是社会主义劳动群众集体所有制经济。参加农村集体经济组织的劳动者,有权在法律规定的范围内经营自留地、自留山、家庭副业和饲养自留畜。
… (第八条)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishMarriage and divorce; infants and minors; adoption; wills, intestacy and succession; joint family and partition; all matters in respect of which parties in judicial proceedings were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution subject to their personal law. (Seventh Schedule: List III – Concurrent List, Art. 5)
- Hindiविवाह और तलाक; शिशु और नाबालिग; गोद लेना; वसीयत, निर्वासीयतता और उत्तराधिकार; संयुक्त परिवार और विभाजन; सभी मामले जिनके संबंध में न्यायिक कार्यवाहियाँ इस संविधान के लागू होने से पहले उनके व्यक्तिगत कानून के अधीन थीं। (सातवीं अनुसूची: सूची III – समवर्ती सूची, अनुच्छेद 5)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1. The state shall endeavor to realize the land-to-the-tillers principle with respect to agricultural land. Tenant farming shall be prohibited.
2. The leasing of agricultural land and the consignment management of agricultural land to increase agricultural productivity and to ensure the rational utilization of agricultural land or due to unavoidable circumstances, shall be recognized under the conditions as prescribed by law. (Art. 121) - Korean①국가는 농지에 관하여 경자유전의 원칙이 달성될 수 있도록 노력하여야 하며, 농지의 소작제도는 금지된다.
②농업생산성의 제고와 농지의 합리적인 이용을 위하거나 불가피한 사정으로 발생하는 농지의 임대차와 위탁경영은 법률이 정하는 바에 의하여 인정된다. (제121조)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English...
13. Native law and custom, including the personal law relating to marriage, divorce, guardianship, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy, family law, gifts or succession, testate or intestate; registration of adoptions under native law or custom; the determination of matters of native law or custom; the constitution, organization, and procedure of native courts (including the right of audience in such courts), and the jurisdiction and powers of such courts, which shall extend only to the matters included in this paragraph and shall not include jurisdiction in respect of offences except in so far as conferred by federal law.
… (Ninth Schedule, List IIA—Supplement to State List for States of Sabah and Sarawak, [Article 95B(1)(a)]) - Malay...
13. Undang-undang dan adat anak negeri, termasuk undang-undang diri yang berhubungan dengan perkahwinan, perceraian, penjagaan, nafkah, pengangkatan, kesahtarafan, undang-undang keluarga, alang atau pewarisan, berwasiat atau tidak berwasiat; pendaftaran pengangkatan di bawah undang-undang atau adat anak negeri; penentuan perkara perkara mengenai undang-undang atau adat anak negeri; keanggotaan, susunan, dan tatacara mahkamah anak negeri (termasuk hak untuk didengar di dalam mahkamah itu), dan bidang kuasa dan kuasa mahkamah itu, yang hendaklah meliputi hanya perkara yang termasuk dalam perenggan ini sahaja dan tidaklah termasuk bidang kuasa berkenaan dengan kesalahan kecuali setakat yang diberikan oleh undang-undang persekutuan.
… (Jadual Kesembilan, Senarai IIA—Tambahan kepada Senarai Negeri bagi Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak, [Perkara 95B(1)(a)])
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe State shall pursue the following policies:
…
(e) Policies relating to agriculture and land reforms:
(1) to make scientific land reforms having regard to the interests of the farmers, while ending the dual ownership existing in the lands,
… (Art. 51) - Nepaliराज्यले देहायका नीतिहरू अवलम्बन गर्नेछः–
...
(ङ) कृषि र भूमिसुधार सम्बन्धी नीतिः
(१) भूमिमा रहेको दोहोरो स्वामित्व अन्त्य गर्दै किसानको हितलाई ध्यानमा राखी वैज्ञानिक भूमिसुधार गर्ने,
... (धारा ५१)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishOwnership, capital and labour constitute the foundation of the social structure of the State; and the same are individual rights with a social function and which shall be regulated by the law. (Art. 26)
- Arabicالملكية ورأس المال والعمل مقوّمات أساسية لكيان الدولة الاجتماعي وهي جميعها حقوق فردية ذات وظيفة اجتماعية، ينظمها القانون. (المادّة 26)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishNational reform in various areas shall be carried out to at least achieve the following results:
…
g. Other Areas:
…
2. ensuring a fair distribution of land holding, as well as an examination of ownership and holding of land throughout the country with a view to systemically solving the problems of land ownership and possessory rights;
... (Sec. 258) - Thaiให้ดําเนินการปฏิรูปประเทศอย่างน้อยในด้านต่างๆ ให้เกิดผลดังต่อไปนี้
…
ช. ด้านอื่นๆ
…
(๒) จัดให้มีการกระจายการถือครองที่ดินอย่างเป็นธรรม รวมทั้งการตรวจสอบกรรมสิทธิ์และการถือครองที่ดินทั้งประเทศ เพื่อแก้ไขปัญหากรรมสิทธิ์และสิทธิครอบครองที่ดินอย่างเป็นระบบ
... (มาตรา ๒๕๘)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
I. Everyone has the right to property.
II. No form or kind of property shall have any advantage. The property right, including the private property right, is protected by law.
III. Every individual may possess moveable and immoveable property. The property right consists of the owner's right to possess, use and dispose of the property, individually or jointly.
…
V. Private property shall entail social responsibility.
VI. Land ownership may be restricted by law due to social justice and for efficient use of the land.
VII. The State secures the right of succession. (Art. 29) - Azerbaijani
I. Hər kəsin mülkiyyət hüququ vardır.
II. Mülkiyyətin heç bir növünə üstünlük verilmir. Mülkiyyət hüququ, o cümlədən xüsusi mülkiyyət hüququ qanunla qorunur.
III. Hər kəsin mülkiyyətində daşınar və daşınmaz əmlak ola bilər. Mülkiyyət hüququ mülkiyyətçinin təkbaşına və ya başqaları ilə birlikdə əmlaka sahib olmaq, əmlakdan istifadə etmək və onun barəsində sərəncam vermək hüquqlarından ibarətdir.
…
V. Xüsusi mülkiyyət sosial öhdəliklərə səbəb olur.
VI. Sosial ədalət və torpaqlardan səmərəli istifadə məqsədi ilə torpaq üzərində mülkiyyət hüququ qanunla məhdudlaşdırıla bilər.
VII. Dövlət vərəsəlik hüququna təminat verir. (Maddə 29)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishIt is the right of every Iranian individual and family to possess housing commensurate with his needs. The government must provide the basis for the implementation of this article, according priority to those whose need is greatest, in particular the rural population and the workers. (Art. 31)
- Persianداشتن مسکن متناسب با نیاز، حق هر فرد و خانواده ایرانی است. دولت موظف است با رعایت اولویت برای آنها که نیازمندترند بهخصوص روستانشینان و کارگران زمینه اجرای این اصل را فراهم کند. (اصل 31)