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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Limitations and/or Derogations
Eswatini
- EnglishThe exercise and enjoyment of rights and freedoms is inseparable from the performance of duties and obligations, and accordingly, it shall be the duty of every citizen to -
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(d) respect the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of others, and generally to refrain from doing acts detrimental to the welfare of other persons;
… (Sec. 63)
Limitations and/or Derogations
South Africa
- English(1) The rights in the Bill of Rights may be limited only in terms of law of general application to the extent that the limitation is reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom, taking into account all relevant factors, including—
(a) the nature of the right;
(b) the importance of the purpose of the limitation;
(c) the nature and extent of the limitation;
(d) the relation between the limitation and its purpose; and
(e) less restrictive means to achieve the purpose.
(2) Except as provided in subsection (1) or in any other provision of the Constitution, no law may limit any right entrenched in the Bill of Rights. (Sec. 36)
Limitations and/or Derogations
China
- EnglishThe exercise by citizens of the People's Republic of China of their freedoms and rights may not infringe upon the interests of the state, of society and of the collective, or upon the lawful freedoms and rights of other citizens. (Art. 51)
- Chinese中华人民共和国公民在行使自由和权利的时候,不得损害国家的、社会的、集体的利益和其他公民的合法的自由和权利。(第五十一条)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Germany
- English(1) Insofar as, under this Basic Law, a basic right may be restricted by or pursuant to a law, such law must apply generally and not merely to a single case. In addition, the law must specify the basic right affected and the Article in which it appears.
(2) In no case may the essence of a basic right be affected.
… (Art. 19) - German(1) Soweit nach diesem Grundgesetz ein Grundrecht durch Gesetz oder auf Grund eines Gesetzes eingeschränkt warden kann, muß das Gesetz allgemein und nicht nur für den Einzelfall gelten. Außerdem muß das Gesetz das Grundrecht unter Angabe des Artikels nennen.
(2) In keinem Falle darf ein Grundrecht in seinem Wesensgehalt angetastet werden.
… (Art. 19)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Guinea-Bissau
- English…
2. The exercise of fundamental rights, liberties and guarantees will only be suspended or limited in case of a state of emergency, proclaimed in accordance to the established by the Constitution and the law.
3. Laws that limit rights, liberties and guarantees are deemed as general and abstract, and should be limited to the necessary to protect other constitutionally protected rights or interests, and cannot be retroactive, nor diminish the essential content of those rights. (Art. 30) - Portuguese...
2 - O exercício dos direitos, liberdades e garantias fundamentais só poderá ser suspenso ou limitado em caso de estado de emergência, declarados nos termos da Constituição e da lei.
3 - As leis restritivas de direitos, liberdades e garantias têm carácter geral e abstracto, devem limitar-se ao necessário para salvaguardar outros direitos ou interesses constitucionalmente protegidos e não podem ter efeitos retroactivos, nem diminuir o conteúdo essencial dos direitos. (Art. 30)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Zambia
- EnglishIt is recognised and declared that every person in Zambia has been and shall continue to be entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed, sex or marital status, but subject to the limitations contained in this Part7, to each and all of the following, namely:
a. life, liberty, security of the person and the protection of the law;
b. freedom of conscience, expression, assembly, movement and association;
c. protection of young persons from exploitation;
d. protection for the privacy of his home and other property and from deprivation of property without compensation;
and the provisions of this Part shall have effect for the purpose of affording protection to those rights and freedoms subject to such limitations of that protection as are contained in this Part, being limitations designed to ensure that the enjoyment of the said rights and freedoms by any individual does not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest. (Art. 11)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Malta
- EnglishWhereas every person in Malta is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest,
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the subsequent provisions of this Chapter3 shall have effect for the purpose of affording protection to the aforesaid rights and freedoms, subject to such limitations of that protection as are contained in those provisions being limitations designed to ensure that the enjoyment of the said rights and freedoms by any individual does not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest. (Art. 32) - MalteseBilli kull persuna f’Malta hija intitolata għad-drittijiet u libertajiet fundamentali tal-individwu, jiġifieri, id-dritt, tkun xi tkun ir-razza, post ta’ oriġini, fehmiet politiċi, kulur, twemmin, sess, orjentazzjoni sesswali jew identità tal-ġeneru tagħha, iżda suġġett għar-rispett tad-drittijiet u l-libertajiet ta’ oħrajn u tal-interess pubbliku,
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id-disposizzjonijiet li ġejjin ta’ dan il-Kapitolu jkollhom effett sabiex jagħtu protezzjoni għad-drittijiet u libertajiet imsemmija qabel, salvi dawk il-limitazzjonijiet ta’ dik il-protezzjoni kif jinsabu f’dawk id-disposizzjonijiet li huma limitazzjonijiet maħsuba biex jiżguraw illi t-tgawdija tal-imsemmija drittijiet u libertajiet minn xi individwu ma tippreġudikax id-drittijiet u libertajiet ta’ oħrajn jew l-interess pubbliku. (Art. 32)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Malawi
- English1. Save in so far as it may be authorized to do so by this Constitution, the National Assembly or any subordinate legislative authority shall not make any law, and the executive and the agencies of Government shall not take any action, which abolishes or abridges the rights and freedoms enshrined in this Chapter, and any law or action in contravention thereof shall, to the extent of the contravention, be invalid.
… (Sec. 46)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Belize
- EnglishWhereas every person in Belize is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest,
...
the provisions of this Part3 shall have effect for the purpose of affording protection to those rights and freedoms subject to such limitations of that protection as are contained in those provisions, being limitations designed to ensure that the enjoyment of the said rights and freedoms by any person does not prejudice the rights and freedoms of others or the public interest. (Sec. 3)
Limitations and/or Derogations
Portugal
- EnglishConstitutional revision laws must respect:
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d) Citizens’ rights, freedoms and guarantees;
… (Art. 288) - PortugueseAs leis de revisão constitucional terão de respeitar:
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d) Os direitos, liberdades e garantias dos cidadãos;
… (Art. 288)