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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Employment Rights and Protection
- English
The right to work is recognized and is equal for all.
It is prohibited to discriminate in matters of employment and of remuneration founded notably on sex, color, social origin, ethnicity or political opinion. (Art. 19) - French
Le droit au travail est reconnu et est égal pour tous.
Il est interdit de faire des discriminations en matière d’emploi et de rémunération en se fondant notamment sur le sexe, la couleur, l’origine sociale, l’ethnie ou l’opinion politique. (Art. 19)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishThe following are rights of urban and rural workers, in addition to any others designed to improve their social condition:
I. employment protected against arbitrary dismissal or dismissal without cause, as provided for by complementary law that shall establish severance pay, among other rights;
II. unemployment insurance, in the event of involuntary unemployment;
III. Guarantee Fund for the Length of Service (Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço);
IV. a national uniform minimum wage, fixed by law, capable of meeting a worker's basic living needs and those of his family, for housing, nourishment, education, health, leisure, clothing, hygiene, transportation and social security, with periodic adjustments to maintain its purchasing power, prohibiting linkage to it as index for any purpose;
V. a salary floor in proportion to the extent and complexity of the work;
VI. irreducibility of salaries or wages, except when provided for in a collective agreement or accord;
VII. for those receiving variable compensation, a guaranty that the salary or wage will never fall below the minimum wage;
VIII. a thirteenth-month salary based on full pay or the amount of pension;
IX. higher remuneration for nighttime work than for daytime work;
X. wage protection, as provided by law, with intentional retention constituting a crime;
XI. participation in profits or results, independent of remuneration, and, exceptionally, participation in management of the company, as defined by law;
XII. family allowance for dependents of the low income worker, as provided by law;
XIII. normal working hours not to exceed eight hours per day and forty-four hours per week, permitting a trade-off of work hours and reduction in the work day through an accord or a collective bargaining agreement;
XIV. a workday of six hours for work performed in continuous shifts, unless otherwise established by collective bargaining;
XV. paid weekly rest, preferably on Sundays;
XVI. a pay scale for overtime at least fifty percent higher than that for normal work;
XVII. an annual paid vacation, at a rate at least one-third higher than normal pay;
XVIII. maternity leave without loss of job or wages for a period of one hundred-twenty days;
XIX. paternity leave, as provided by law;
XX. protection of the job market for women through specific incentives, as provided by law;
XXI. advance notice of dismissal proportional to length of service, with a minimum of thirty days, as provided by law;
XXII. reduction of risks inherent in the job by means of health, hygiene and safety rules;
XXIII. additional remuneration for strenuous, unhealthy or dangerous work, as provided by law;
XXIV. retirement pension;
XXV. free assistance for children and dependents from birth to 5 (five) years of age in day-care centers and pre-schools;
XXVI. recognition of collective bargaining accords and agreements;
XXVII. protection because of automation, as provided by law;
XXVIII. occupational accident insurance, paid for by the employer, without excluding the employer's liability for indemnity in the event of malice or fault;
XXIX. a cause of action for amounts due from employment relationships, with a statute of limitations of five years for urban and rural workers, up to a limit of two years after termination of the labor contract;
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XXX. prohibition of any difference in pay in performance of duties and in hiring criteria by reason of sex, age, color or marital status;
XXXI. prohibition of any discrimination with respect to pay and hiring criteria for handicapped workers;
XXXII. prohibition of any distinction among manual, technical and intellectual work or among the respective professionals;
XXXIII. prohibition of nighttime, dangerous or unhealthy work for those under eighteen years of age, and of any work for those under the age of sixteen, except as an apprentice;
XXXIV. equal rights for workers with a permanent employment relationship and for occasional workers.
SOLE PARAGRAPH
The category of domestic workers is assured the rights set out in subparagraphs IV, VI, VII, VIII, X, XIII, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XXI, XXII, XXIV, XXVI, XXX, XXXI and XXXIII, and taking into consideration the conditions established in law and observing the simplification of the performance of the principal and accessory tax obligations, the provisions in the subparagraphs I, II, III, IX, XII, XXV and XXVIII, as well as integration into the social security system. (Art. 7) - PortugueseSão direitos dos trabalhadores urbanos e rurais, além de outros que visem à melhoria de sua condição social:
I - relação de emprego protegida contra despedida arbitrária ou sem justa causa, nos termos de lei complementar, que preverá indenização compensatória, dentre outros direitos;
II - seguro-desemprego, em caso de desemprego involuntário;
III - fundo de garantia do tempo de serviço;
IV - salário mínimo , fixado em lei, nacionalmente unificado, capaz de atender a suas necessidades vitais básicas e às de sua família com moradia, alimentação, educação, saúde, lazer, vestuário, higiene, transporte e previdência social, com reajustes periódicos que lhe preservem o poder aquisitivo, sendo vedada sua vinculação para qualquer fim;
V - piso salarial proporcional à extensão e à complexidade do trabalho;
VI - irredutibilidade do salário, salvo o disposto em convenção ou acordo coletivo;
VII - garantia de salário, nunca inferior ao mínimo, para os que percebem remuneração variável;
VIII - décimo terceiro salário com base na remuneração integral ou no valor da aposentadoria;
IX – remuneração do trabalho noturno superior à do diurno;
X - proteção do salário na forma da lei, constituindo crime sua retenção dolosa;
XI – participação nos lucros, ou resultados, desvinculada da remuneração, e, excepcionalmente, participação na gestão da empresa, conforme definido em lei;
XII - salário-família pago em razão do dependente do trabalhador de baixa renda nos termos da lei;
XIII - duração do trabalho normal não superior a oito horas diárias e quarenta e quatro semanais, facultada a compensação de horários e a redução da jornada, mediante acordo ou convenção coletiva de trabalho;
XIV - jornada de seis horas para o trabalho realizado em turnos ininterruptos de revezamento, salvo negociação coletiva;
XV - repouso semanal remunerado, preferencialmente aos domingos;
XVI - remuneração do serviço extraordinário superior, no mínimo, em cinqüenta por cento à do normal;
XVII - gozo de férias anuais remuneradas com, pelo menos, um terço a mais do que o salário normal;
XVIII - licença à gestante, sem prejuízo do emprego e do salário, com a duração de cento e vinte dias;
XIX - licença-paternidade, nos termos fixados em lei;
XX - proteção do mercado de trabalho da mulher, mediante incentivos específicos, nos termos da lei;
XXI - aviso prévio proporcional ao tempo de serviço, sendo no mínimo de trinta dias, nos termos da lei;
XXII - redução dos riscos inerentes ao trabalho, por meio de normas de saúde, higiene e segurança;
XXIII - adicional de remuneração para as atividades penosas, insalubres ou perigosas, na forma da lei;
XXIV - aposentadoria;
XXV - assistência gratuita aos filhos e dependentes desde o nascimento até 5 (cinco) anos de idade em creches e pré-escolas;
XXVI - reconhecimento das convenções e acordos coletivos de trabalho;
XXVII - proteção em face da automação, na forma da lei;
XXVIII - seguro contra acidentes de trabalho, a cargo do empregador, sem excluir a indenização a que este está obrigado, quando incorrer em dolo ou culpa;
XXIX - ação, quanto aos créditos resultantes das relações de trabalho, com prazo prescricional de cinco anos para os trabalhadores urbanos e rurais, até o limite de dois anos após a extinção do contrato de trabalho;
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XXX - proibição de diferença de salários, de exercício de funções e de critério de admissão por motivo de sexo, idade, cor ou estado civil;
XXXI - proibição de qualquer discriminação no tocante a salário e critérios de admissão do trabalhador portador de deficiência;
XXXII - proibição de distinção entre trabalho manual, técnico e intelectual ou entre os profissionais respectivos;
XXXIII - proibição de trabalho noturno, perigoso ou insalubre a menores de dezoito e de qualquer trabalho a menores de dezesseis anos, salvo na condição de aprendiz, a partir de quatorze anos;
XXXIV - igualdade de direitos entre o trabalhador com vínculo empregatício permanente e o trabalhador avulso.
Parágrafo único. São assegurados à categoria dos trabalhadores domésticos os direitos previstos nos incisos IV, VI, VII, VIII, X, XIII, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XXI, XXII, XXIV, XXVI, XXX, XXXI e XXXIII e, atendidas as condições estabelecidas em lei e observada a simplificação do cumprimento das obrigações tributárias, principais e acessórias, decorrentes da relação de trabalho e suas peculiaridades, os previstos nos incisos I, II, III, IX, XII, XXV e XXVIII, bem como a sua integração à previdência social. (Art. 7)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishWork is a social fact and shall enjoy the protection of the State. The law shall make the necessary provisions for improving the material, moral and intellectual conditions of workers. In order to fulfill this duty of the State, the following principles are established:
1. No law shall establish provisions that affect the intactness and progressive nature of labor rights and benefits. In labor relations, reality shall prevail over forms or appearances.
2. Labor rights are unrenounceable; any action, agreement or convention involving a waiver of or encroachment upon these rights is null and void. Concessions and settlements are possible only at the end of the employment relationship, in accordance with the requirements established by law.
3. When there are doubts concerning application or conflicts among several rules, or in the interpretation of a particular rule, that most favorable to the worker shall be applied. The rule applied must be applied in its entirety.
4. Any measure or act on the part of an employer in violation of this Constitution is null and void, and of no effect.
5. All types of discrimination because of political reasons, age, race, creed, sex or any other characteristic is prohibited.
… (Art. 89) - SpanishEl trabajo es un hecho social y gozará de la protección del Estado. La ley dispondrá lo necesario para mejorar las condiciones materiales, morales e intelectuales de los trabajadores y trabajadoras. Para el cumplimiento de esta obligación del Estado se establecen los siguientes principios:
1. Ninguna ley podrá establecer disposiciones que alteren la intangibilidad y progresividad de los derechos y beneficios laborales. En las relaciones laborales prevalece la realidad sobre las formas o apariencias.
2. Los derechos laborales son irrenunciables. Es nula toda acción, acuerdo o convenio que implique renuncia o menoscabo de estos derechos. Sólo es posible la transacción y convenimiento al término de la relación laboral, de conformidad con los requisitos que establezca la ley.
3. Cuando hubiere dudas acerca de la aplicación o concurrencia de varias normas, o en la interpretación de una determinada norma, se aplicará la más favorable al trabajador o trabajadora. La norma adoptada se aplicará en su integridad.
4. Toda medida o acto del patrono o patrona contrario a esta Constitución es nulo y no genera efecto alguno.
5. Se prohíbe todo tipo de discriminación por razones de política, edad, raza, sexo o credo o por cualquier otra condición.
… (Art. 89)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishWorking people shall be entitled to holidays. For employees, this right shall be safeguarded by the establishment of a working week of no more than 40 hours, shorter working hours at night and the provision of an annual paid leave and weekly rest days. (Art. 43)
- BelarusianПрацоўныя маюць права на адпачынак. Для тых, хто працуе па найму, гэта права забяспечваецца ўстанаўленнем рабочага тыдня, які не перавышае 40 гадзін, скарочанай працягласцю работы ў начны час, прадастаўленнем штогадовых аплатных водпускаў, дзён штотыднёвага адпачынку. (Артыкул 43)
- RussianТрудящиеся имеют право на отдых. Для работающих по найму это право обеспечивается установлением рабочей недели, не превышающей 40 часов, сокращенной продолжительностью работы в ночное время, предоставлением ежегодных оплачиваемых отпусков, дней еженедельного отдыха. (Статья 43)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishThe State strives [s'efforce] to provide for the needs of every citizen who, because of their age or their physical or mental inaptitude, find themselves with an incapacity to work, notably by the institution of organs [organismes] of social character. (Art. 44)
- Arabicتسعى الدولة جاهدة لتلبية احتياجات كل مواطن يجد نفسه عاجزاً عن العمل نتيجة عمره أو عدم أهليته الجسدية أو العقلية، لا سيما من خلال إنشاء أجهزة ذات طابع اجتماعي. (المادة 44)
- FrenchL'Etat s'efforce de subvenir aux besoins de tout citoyen qui, en raison de son âge ou de son inaptitude physique ou mentale, se trouve dans l'incapacité de travailler, notamment par l'institution d'organismes à caractère social. (Art. 44)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishAll workers have the right to a minimum salary, fixed periodically, for a normal working day, that procures them [a] well-being and [a] dignified existence. The salary will always be equal for equal work in identical conditions of efficiency.
All [matters] relative to the fixing of the minimum salaries will be the responsibility of the technical organ that the law determines. (Art. 57) - SpanishTodo trabajador tendrá derecho a un salario mínimo, de fijación periódica, por jornada normal, que le procure bienestar y existencia digna. El salario será siempre igual para trabajo igual en idénticas condiciones de eficiencia.
Todo lo relativo a fijación de salarios mínimos estará a cargo del organismo técnico que la ley determine. (Art. 57)
Employment Rights and Protection
- English(1) Work is a right, a duty and a matter of honour for every citizen who is capable of working, and everyone shall be paid for his work on the basis of the principle “from each according to his abilities, to each according to his work”.
(2) The State shall endeavour to create conditions in which, as a general principle, persons shall not be able to enjoy unearned incomes, and in which human labour in every form, intellectual and physical, shall become a fuller expression of creative endeavour and of the human personality. (Art. 20) - Bengali(১) কর্ম হইতেছে কর্মক্ষম প্রত্যেক নাগরিকের পক্ষে অধিকার, কর্তব্য ও সম্মানের বিষয়, এবং “প্রত্যেকের নিকট হইতে যোগ্যতানুসারে ও প্রত্যেককে কর্মানুযায়ী”-এই নীতির ভিত্তিতে প্রত্যেকে স্বীয় কর্মের জন্য পারিশ্রমিক লাভ করিবেন৷
(২) রাষ্ট্র এমন অবস্থাসৃষ্টির চেষ্টা করিবেন, যেখানে সাধারণ নীতি হিসাবে কোন ব্যক্তি অনুপার্জিত আয় ভোগ করিতে সমর্থ হইবেন না এবং যেখানে বুদ্ধিবৃত্তিমূলক ও কায়িক-সকল প্রকার শ্র্রম সৃষ্টিধর্মী প্রয়াসের ও মানবিক ব্যক্তিত্বের পূর্ণতর অভিব্যক্তিতে পরিণত হইবে৷ (অনুচ্ছেদ ২০)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishEvery citizen of Estonia is entitled to freely choose his or her area of activity, profession and position of employment. The law may provide conditions and procedures for the exercise of this right.
…
No one may be compelled to perform work or service against his or her free will, except for service in the defence forces or alternative service, or work required to prevent the spread of an infectious disease or to contain a natural disaster or catastrophe, or work which a convicted offender is required to perform according to the law and pursuant to a procedure established by law.
The national government organises vocational training and assists persons who seek employment in finding work.
Working conditions are overseen by the national government.
… (Sec. 29) - EstonianEesti kodanikul on õigus vabalt valida tegevusala, elukutset ja töökohta. Seadus võib sätestada selle õiguse kasutamise tingimused ja korra.
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Kedagi ei tohi sundida tema vaba tahte vastaselt tööle ega teenistusse, välja arvatud kaitseväeteenistus või selle asendusteenistus, tööd nakkushaiguse leviku tõkestamisel, loodusõnnetuse ja katastroofi korral ning töö, mida seaduse alusel ja korras peab tegema süüdimõistetu.
Riik korraldab kutseõpet ja abistab tööotsijaid töö leidmisel.
Töötingimused on riigi kontrolli all.
… (§ 29)
Employment Rights and Protection
- EnglishWork is a sacred right and duty for each Congolese.
The State guarantees the right to work, protection against unemployment and an equitable and satisfactory remuneration, assuring the worker as well as his family of an existence in accordance with human dignity, together with all the other means of social protection, notably retirement pension[s] and life annuities.
No one may discriminated against [leser] in their work because of their origin, their sex, their opinions, their beliefs or their socio-economic condition.
… (Art. 36) - FrenchLe travail est un droit et un devoir sacrés pour chaque Congolais.
L’Etat garantit le droit au travail, la protection contre le chômage et une rémunération équitable et satisfaisante assurant au travailleur ainsi qu’à sa famille une existence conforme à la dignité humaine, complétée par tous les autres moyens de protection sociale, notamment, la pension de retraite et la rente viagère.
Nul ne peut être lésé dans son travail en raison de ses origines, de son sexe, de ses opinions, de ses croyances ou de ses conditions socio-économiques.
… (Art. 36)