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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- EnglishJurisdictional guarantees shall be governed, as a rule, by the following provisions:
1. Any person, group of persons, community, people or nation will be able to propose actions envisaged in the Constitution.
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5. All final judgments shall be referred to the Constitutional Court for their development in case law. (Art. 86) - SpanishLas garantías jurisdiccionales se regirán, en general, por las siguientes disposiciones:
1. Cualquier persona, grupo de personas, comunidad, pueblo o nacionalidad podrá proponer las acciones previstas en la Constitución.
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5. Todas las sentencias ejecutoriadas serán remitidas a la Corte Constitucional, para el desarrollo de su jurisprudencia. (Art. 86)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall be an autonomous and independent state body which shall protect constitutionality and legality, as well as human and minority rights and freedoms.
The Constitutional Court decisions are final, enforceable and generally binding. (Art. 166) - Serbian CyrillicУставни суд је самосталан и независан државни орган који штити уставност и законитост и људска и мањинска права и слободе.
Одлуке Уставног суда су коначне, извршне и општеобавезујуће. (Члан 166)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) When interpreting the Bill of Rights, a court, tribunal or forum –
(a) must promote the values that underlie an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom;
(b) must consider international law; and
(c) may consider foreign law.
(2) When interpreting any legislation, and when developing the common law or customary law, every court, tribunal or forum must promote the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights.
(3) The Bill of Rights does not deny the existence of any other rights or freedoms that are recognised or conferred by common law, customary law or legislation, to the extent that they are consistent with the Bill. (Sec. 39)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) It is the duty of Parliament, the Government, the courts and all other public agencies to be guided in the discharge of their functions by the principles set out in this Chapter4 and Parliament may provide for any of those principles to be enforceable in any court or tribunal.
(2) In the interpretation of the fundamental rights provisions in this Constitution a court shall pay due regard to international law, international conventions, covenants and charters bearing on human rights. (Art. 39)
Judicial Protection
- English1 The Federal Supreme Court hears disputes concerning violations of:
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d. cantonal constitutional rights;
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f. federal and cantonal provisions on political rights.
… (Art. 189) - French1 Le Tribunal fédéral connaît des contestations pour violation:
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d. des droits constitutionnels cantonaux;
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f. des dispositions fédérales et cantonales sur les droits politiques.
… (Art. 189) - German1 Das Bundesgericht beurteilt Streitigkeiten wegen Verletzung:
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d. von kantonalen verfassungsmässigen Rechten;
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f. von eidgenössischen und kantonalen Bestimmungen über die politischen Rechte.
… (Art. 189) - Italian1 Il Tribunale federale giudica le controversie per violazione:
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d. dei diritti costituzionali cantonali;
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f. delle disposizioni federali e cantonali sui diritti politici.
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Judicial Protection
- English1. Subject to clause (5), if any person alleges that any of the provisions of Articles 11 to 266 inclusive has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him, then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person may apply for redress to the High Court which shall—
a. hear and determine any such application;
b. determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of clause (2);
and which may, make such order, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing, or securing the enforcement of, any of the provisions of Articles 11 to 26 inclusive.
2.
a. If in any proceedings in any subordinate court any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of Articles 11 to 26 inclusive, the person presiding in that court may, and shall if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court unless, in his opinion the raising of the question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
b. Any person aggrieved by any determination of the High Court under this Article may appeal therefrom to the Supreme Court:
Provided that no appeal shall lie from a determination of the High Court under this Article dismissing an application on the ground that it is frivolous and vexatious.
3. No application shall be brought under clause (1) on the grounds that the provisions of Articles 11 to 26 (inclusive) are likely to be contravened by reason of proposals contained in any bill which, at the date of the application, has not become a law.
4. Parliament may confer upon the Supreme Court or High Court such jurisdiction or powers in addition to those conferred by this Article as may appear to be necessary or desirable of the purpose of enabling that Court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by this Article or of enabling any application for redress to be more speedily determined. (Art. 28)
Judicial Protection
- English
The Recourse of Amparo is established against any provision, act or resolution and in general against any action or omission of any functionary, authority or agent of them that violates or operates in violation of [trate de violar] the rights and guarantees consecrated in the Political Constitution. (Art. 188)
- Spanish
Se establece el Recurso de Amparo en contra de toda disposición, acto o resolución y en general en contra de toda acción u omisión de cualquier funcionario, autoridad o agente de los mismos que viole o trate de violar los derechos y garantías consagrados en la Constitución Política. (Art. 188)
Judicial Protection
- English...
(3) For the purposes of determining whether or not any law, matter or thing is reasonably justified in a democratic society that has a proper regard for the rights and dignity of mankind, a court may have regard to-
(a) the provisions of this Constitution generally, and especially the National Goals and Directive Principles and the Basic Social Obligations; and
(b) the Charter of the United Nations; and
(c) the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and any other declaration, recommendation or decision of the General Assembly of the United Nations concerning human rights and fundamental freedoms; and
(d) the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the Protocols thereto, and any other international conventions, agreements or declarations concerning human rights and fundamental freedoms; and
(e) judgements, reports and opinions of the International Court of Justice, the European Commission of Human Rights, the European Court of Human Rights and other international courts and tribunals dealing with human rights and fundamental freedoms; and
(f) previous laws, practices and judicial decisions and opinions in the country; and
(g) laws, practices and judicial decisions and opinions in other countries; and
(h) the Final Report of the pre-Independence Constitutional Planning Committee dated 13 August 1974 and presented to the pre-Independence House of Assembly on 16 August 1974, as affected by decisions of that House on the report and by decisions of the Constituent Assembly on the draft of this Constitution; and
(i) declarations by the International Commission of Jurists and other similar organizations; and
(j) any other material that the court considers relevant. (Sec. 39)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishAny act on the part of the Public Power that violates or encroaches upon the rights guaranteed by this Constitution and by law is null and void, and the public employees ordering or implementing the same shall incur criminal, civil and administrative liability, as applicable in each case, with no defense on grounds of having followed the orders of a superior. (Art. 25)
- SpanishTodo acto dictado en ejercicio del Poder Público que viole o menoscabe los derechos garantizados por esta Constitución y la ley es nulo, y los funcionarios públicos y funcionarias públicas que lo ordenen o ejecuten incurren en responsabilidad penal, civil y administrativa, según los casos, sin que les sirvan de excusa órdenes superiores. (Art. 25)
Judicial Protection
- English1. Everyone shall be guaranteed judicial protection of his/her rights and freedoms envisaged in the present Constitution, laws, international treaties to which the Kyrgyz Republic is a party as well as universally recognized principles and norms of international law.
The state shall ensure the development of extrajudicial and pre-trial methods, forms and means to protect human and civil rights and freedoms.
2. Everyone shall have the right to protect his/her rights and freedoms by any means that are not prohibited by law.
... (Art. 40) - Russian1. Каждому гарантируется судебная защита его прав и свобод, предусмотренных настоящей Конституцией, законами, международными договорами, участницей которых является Кыргызская Республика, общепризнанными принципами и нормами международного права.
Государство обеспечивает развитие внесудебных и досудебных методов, форм и способов защиты прав и свобод человека и гражданина.
2. Каждый вправе защищать свои права и свободы всеми способами, не запрещенными законом.
... (Статья 40) - Kyrgyz1. Ар кимге ушул Конституцияда, мыйзамдарда, Кыргыз Республикасы катышуучу болуп саналган эл аралык келишимдерде, эл аралык укуктун жалпыга таанылган принциптеринде жана ченемдеринде каралган анын укуктары менен эркиндигин соттук коргоого кепилдиктер берилет.
Мамлекет адамдын жана жарандын укуктары менен эркиндигин коргоонун соттон тышкары жана сотко чейинки усулдарын, түрлөрүн, ыкмаларын өнүктүрүүнү камсыздайт.
2. Ар ким өз укугун жана эркиндигин мыйзам менен тыюу салынбаган бардык ыкмалар менен коргоого укуктуу.
... (40-берене)