SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
Constitutional guarantees are:
1. The Action of Habeas Corpus, which proceeds concerning an act or omission, on the part of any authority, functionary or person, which violates or threatens individual freedom or the related constitutional rights.
2. The Action of Amparo, which proceeds against an act or omission, on the part of any authority, functionary, or person, which violates or threatens the other rights recognized by the Constitution, with the exception of those specified in the following paragraph.
It does not proceed against legal norms or or Judicial Resolutions emanating from [the] regular procedure.
3. The Action of Habeas Data, which proceeds against an act or omission, on the part of any authority, functionary, or person, which violates or threatens the rights to which Article 2, paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Constitution, refers.
4. The Action of Unconstitutionality, which proceeds against the norms that have status [rango] of law: laws, legislative decrees, decrees of urgency, treaties, regulations of the Congress, regional norms of general character and municipal ordinances that contravene the Constitution in form or in substance [fondo].
5. The Popular Action [Acción Popular], which proceeds for infraction of the Constitution and of the law, against the regulations, administrative norms and resolutions and decrees of general character, whatever the authority from which they emanate may be.
6. The Action of Cumplimiento [Fulfillment/Mandamus], which proceeds against any authority or functionary that refuses to comply with a legal norm, or an administrative act, without prejudice to the responsibilities of law.
An Organic Law regulates the exercise of these guarantees and the effects of the declaration of unconstitutionality or illegality of the norms.
The exercise of the actions of habeas corpus and of amparo is not suspended during the effectiveness [vigencia] of the regimes of exception to which Article 137 of the Constitution refers.
When actions of this nature are interposed in relation to restricted or suspended rights, the competent jurisdictional organ examines the reasonability and the proportionality of the restrictive act. It does not correspond to the judge to question the declaration of the state of emergency or of siege. (Art. 200) - Spanish
Son garantías constitucionales:
1. La Acción de Hábeas Corpus, que procede ante el hecho u omisión, por parte de cualquier autoridad, funcionario o persona, que vulnera o amenaza la libertad individual o los derechos constitucionales conexos.
2. La Acción de Amparo, que procede contra el hecho u omisión, por parte de cualquier autoridad, funcionario o persona, que vulnera o amenaza los demás derechos reconocidos por la Constitución, con excepción de los señalados en el inciso siguiente.
No procede contra normas legales ni contra Resoluciones Judiciales emanadas de procedimiento regular.
3. La Acción de Hábeas Data, que procede contra el hecho u omisión, por parte de cualquier autoridad, funcionario o persona, que vulnera o amenaza los derechos a que se refiere el Artículo 2º, incisos 5 y 6 de la Constitución.
4. La Acción de Inconstitucionalidad, que procede contra las normas que tienen rango de ley: leyes, decretos legislativos, decretos de urgencia, tratados, reglamentos del Congreso, normas regionales de carácter general y ordenanzas municipales que contravengan la Constitución en la forma o en el fondo.
5. La Acción Popular, que procede, por infracción de la Constitución y de la ley, contra los reglamentos, normas administrativas y resoluciones y decretos de carácter general, cualquiera sea la autoridad de la que emanen.
6. La Acción de Cumplimiento, que procede contra cualquier autoridad o funcionario renuente a acatar una norma legal o un acto administrativo, sin perjuicio de las responsabilidades de ley.
Una ley orgánica regula el ejercicio de estas garantías y los efectos de la declaración de inconstitucionalidad o ilegalidad de las normas.
El ejercicio de las acciones de hábeas corpus y de amparo no se suspende durante la vigencia de los regímenes de excepción a que se refiere el artículo 137º de la Constitución.
Cuando se interponen acciones de esta naturaleza en relación con derechos restringidos o suspendidos, el órgano jurisdiccional competente examina la razonabilidad y la proporcionalidad del acto restrictivo. No corresponde al juez cuestionar la declaración del estado de emergencia ni de sitio. (Art. 200)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Constitutional Court shall, in general be responsible for the administration of justice in legal and constitutional matters, under the terms of the Constitution and the law.
2. The Constitutional Court shall be responsible for:
a) Assessing the constitutionality of any rules and other acts of the state;
b) Providing a prior review of the constitutionality of the laws of parliament;
c) Exercising jurisdiction in other legal and constitutional, electoral and party political matters, under the terms of the Constitution and the law;
d) Assessing appeals against the constitutionality of the decisions of the various courts which have refused to apply particular rules on the grounds that they are unconstitutional;
e) Assessing appeals against the constitutionality of rulings made by the various courts that have applied rules whose constitutionality has been questioned during the relevant proceedings.
… (Art. 180) - Portuguese1. Ao Tribunal Constitucional compete, em geral, administrar a justiça em matérias de natureza jurídico-constitucional, nos termos da Constituição e da lei.
2. Compete ao Tribunal Constitucional:
a) Apreciar a constitucionalidade de quaisquer normas e demais actos do Estado;
b) Apreciar preventivamente a constitucionalidade das leis do parlamento;
c) Exercer jurisdição sobre outras questões de natureza jurídicoconstitucional, eleitoral e político-partidária, nos termos da Constituição e da lei;
d) Apreciar em recurso a constitucionalidade das decisões dos demais Tribunais que recusem a aplicação de qualquer norma com fundamento na sua inconstitucionalidade;
e) Apreciar em recurso a constitucionalidade das decisões dos demais Tribunais que apliquem normas cuja constitucionalidade haja sido suscitada durante o processo.
… (Art. 180)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court emits opinions [avis] on the interpretation of the Constitution when it is referred to [the matter] by the President of the Republic, by the president of the National Assembly, by the Prime Minister, or by one-tenth (1/10) of the deputies. (Art. 133)
- FrenchLa Cour constitutionnelle émet des avis sur l'interprétation de la Constitution lorsqu'elle est saisie par le Président de la République, le président de l'Assemblée nationale, le Premier ministre, ou un dixième (1/10) des députés. (Art. 133)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English…
If the President of the Republic holds that a promulgated law does not conform with the Constitution, he/she may institute proceedings to review the constitutionality of such law before the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia. (Art. 89) - Croatian…
Ako Predsjednik Republike smatra da proglašeni zakon nije u skladu s Ustavom može pokrenuti postupak za ocjenu ustavnosti zakona pred Ustavnim sudom Republike Hrvatske. (Članak 89)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. There shall be a Constitutional Court which is an independent body composed of a President, Vice-President and three members, who -as well as the three deputy members -shall be appointed for a period of five years at the recommendation of the National Assembly.
2. The tasks of the Constitutional Court shall be:
a. to verify the purport of Acts or parts thereof against the Constitution, and against applicable agreements concluded with other states and with international organization;
b. to assess the consistency of decisions of government institutions with one or more of the constitutional rights mentioned in Chapter V3.
… (Art. 144) - Dutch1. Er is een Constitutioneel Hof, zijnde een onafhankelijk orgaan, dat gevormd wordt door de voorzitter, de vice-voorzitter en drie leden, die – evenals de drie plaatsvervangende leden – voor een periode van vijf jaren op voordracht van De Nationale Assemblée door de President worden benoemd.
2. Het Constitutioneel Hof heeft tot taak:
a. het toetsen van de inhoud van wetten of gedeelten daarvan aan de Grondwet en aan van toepassing zijnde overeenkomsten met andere mogendheden en met volkenrechtelijke organisaties;
b. Het beoordelen van de verenigbaarheid van besluiten van overheidsorganen met één of meer der in Hoofdstuk V genoemde grondrechten.
... (Art. 144)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The Constitutional Council sees to the regularity of the presidential elections. It examines the complaints and proclaims the results of the ballot.
The Constitutional Council decides, in case of dispute, on the regularity of the election or of the appointment of the members of the National Assembly.
In electoral matters, the Constitutional Council can be referred to [a matter] by any interested candidate.
It sees to the regularity of the operations of the referendum and proclaims the results of it.
The Constitutional Council sees to respect for the procedure of revision of the Constitution. (Art. 154) - French
Le Conseil constitutionnel veille à la régularité des élections présidentielles. Il examine les réclamations et proclame les résultats du scrutin.
Le Conseil constitutionnel statue, en cas de contestation, sur la régularité de l’élection ou de la nomination des membres de l’Assemblée nationale.
En matière électorale, le Conseil constitutionnel peut être saisi par tout candidat intéressé.
Il veille à la régularité des opérations de référendum et en proclame les résultats.
Le Conseil constitutionnel veille au respect de la procédure de révision de la Constitution. (Art. 154)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) After the Shari’ah, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia is the supreme law of the country. It binds the government and guides policy initiatives and decisions in all sections of government.
(2) Any law, or administrative action that is contrary to the Constitution may be invalidated by the Constitutional Court, which has the authority to do so in accordance with this Constitution. (Art. 4) - Somali(1) Shareecada ka sokow, Dastuurka Soomaaliya waa sharciga dalka ugu sarreeya, isaga ayayna xukuumaddu u hoggaansamaysaa, wuxuuna hagayaa hal-abuurka iyo go’aannada siyaasadeed ee qaybaha Dawladda oo dhan.
(2) Sharci kasta ama tallaabo maamul oo ka soo horjeedda Dastuurka, maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah ayaa awood u leh burrinta sharcigaas ama tallaabadaas maamul, si waafaqsan Dastuurkan. (Qodobka 4aad.)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English…
1 1° The President may, after consultation with the Council of State, refer any Bill to which this Article applies to the Supreme Court for a decision on the question as to whether such Bill or any specified provision or provisions of such Bill is or are repugnant to this Constitution or to any provision thereof.
… (Art. 26) - Irish Gaelic…
1 1° Is cead don Uachtarán, tar éis comhairle a ghlacadh leis an gComhairle Stáit, aon Bhille lena mbaineann an tAirteagal seo a chur faoi bhreith na Cúirte Uachtaraí féachaint an bhfuil an Bille sin nó aon fhoráil nó aon fhorálacha áirithe de in aghaidh an Bhunreachta seo nó in aghaidh aon fhorála de.
… (Airteagal 26)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
…
11. The Supreme Court shall be the guardian of this Constitution and the final authority on its interpretation.
… (Art. 1) - Dzongkha
…
༡༡) མངོན་མཐོ་ཁྲིམས་འདུན་འདི་ རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་འདིའི་གཞི་འཛིན་དང་ དེའི་དོན་འགྲེལ་ མཐའ་གཅོད་ཀྱི་དབང་འཛིན་ཨིན།
... ༼རྩ་ཚན་༡༽
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court, at the demand of the President of the Republic, of the President of the National Assembly, of the President of the Senate, of the Prime Minister or of one-quarter (1/4) of the members of each Chamber of the Parliament, decides concerning the constitutionality of the laws before their promulgation. (Art. 96)
- FrenchLa Cour Constitutionnelle, à la demande du Président de la République, du Président de l'Assemblée Nationale, du Président du Sénat, du Premier Ministre ou d'un quart (1/4) des membres de chaque chambre du Parlement, se prononcent sur la constitutionalité des lois avant leur promulgation. (Art. 96)