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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. Subject to the provisions of sections 25(2), 47(8)(b), 56(4), 65(5), 123(7)(b) and 124 of this Constitution, any person who alleges that any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter II3) has been or is being contravened may, if he has a relevant interest, apply to the High Court for a declaration and for relief under this section.
2. The High Court shall have jurisdiction on an application made under this section to determine whether any provision of this Constitution (other than a provision of Chapter II) has been or is being contravened and to make a declaration accordingly.
3. Where the High Court makes a declaration under this section that a provision of this Constitution has been or is being contravened and the person on whose application the declaration is made has also applied for relief, the High Court may grant to that person such remedy as it considers appropriate, being a remedy available generally under any law in proceedings in the High Court.
4. The Chief Justice may make provision, or authorise the making of provision, with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on the court by or under this section, including provision with respect to the time within which any application under this section may be made.
5. A person shall be regarded as having a relevant interest for the purpose of an application under this section only if the contravention of this Constitution alleged by him is such as to affect his interests.
6. The rights conferred on a person by this section to apply for a declaration and relief in respect of an alleged contravention of this Constitution shall be in addition to any other action in respect of the same matter that may be available to that person under any other law or any rule of law.
7. Nothing in this section shall confer jurisdiction on the High Court to hear or determine any such question as is referred to in section 44 of this Constitution. (Sec. 119)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Law shall determine the competent legal Authority to deal with the settlement of disputes in respect to the constitutionality of laws and regulations and shall determine this authority's jurisdiction and the procedure it shall follow.
The Law shall guarantee to both, the Government and those concerned, the right to challenge the constitutionality of laws and regulations before that Authority. … (Art. 173) - Arabicيعين القانون الجهة القضائية التي تختص بالفصل في المنازعات المتعلقة بدستورية القوانين واللوائح، ويبين صلاحياتها والإجراءات التي تتبعها.
ويكفل القانون حق كل من الحكومة وذوي الشأن في الطعن لدى تلك الجهة في دستورية القوانين واللوائح.
... (المادّة 173)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) The Constitutional Court shall decide on the conformity of
a) laws with the Constitution, constitutional laws and international treaties to which the National Council of the Slovak Republic has expressed its assent and which were ratified and promulgated in the manner laid down by a law,
b) government regulations, generally binding legal regulations of Ministries and other central state administration bodies with the Constitution, with constitutional laws, with international treaties to which the National Council of the Slovak Republic has expressed its assent and which were ratified and promulgated in the manner laid down by a law and with laws,
c) generally binding regulations pursuant to Art. 68, with the Constitution, with constitutional laws and with international treaties to which the National Council of the Slovak Republic has expressed its assent and which were ratified and promulgated in the manner laid down by a law, save another court shall decide on them,
d) generally binding legal regulations of the local bodies of state administration and generally binding regulations of the bodies of territorial self-administration pursuant to Art. 71 para. 2, with the Constitution, with constitutional laws, with international treaties promulgated in the manner laid down by a law, with laws, with government regulations and with generally binding legal regulations of Ministries and other central state administration bodies, save another court shall decide on them.
(2) If the Constitutional Court accepts the proposal for proceedings pursuant to paragraph 1, it can suspend the effect of challenged legal regulations, their parts, or some of their provisions, if fundamental rights and freedoms may be threatened by their further application, if there is a risk of serious economic damage or other serious irreparable consequence.
…
(4) The Constitutional Court shall not decide on conformity of a draft law or a proposal of other generally binding legal regulation with the Constitution, with an international treaty that was promulgated in the manner laid down by a law or with the constitutional law. The Constitutional Court shall not decide on the conformity of constitutional laws with the Constitution.
… (Art. 125) - Slovak
1) Ústavný súd rozhoduje o súlade
a) zákonov s ústavou, s ústavnými zákonmi a s medzinárodnými zmluvami, s ktorými vyslovila súhlas Národná rada Slovenskej republiky a ktoré boli ratifikované a vyhlásené spôsobom ustanoveným zákonom,
b) nariadení vlády, všeobecne záväzných právnych predpisov ministerstiev a ostatných ústredných orgánov štátnej správy s ústavou, s ústavnými zákonmi, s medzinárodnými zmluvami, s ktorými vyslovila súhlas Národná rada Slovenskej republiky a ktoré boli ratifikované a vyhlásené spôsobom ustanoveným zákonom, a so zákonmi,
c) všeobecne záväzných nariadení podľa čl. 68 s ústavou, s ústavnými zákonmi, s medzinárodnými zmluvami, s ktorými vyslovila súhlas Národná rada Slovenskej republiky a ktoré boli ratifikované a vyhlásené spôsobom ustanoveným zákonom, a so zákonmi, ak o nich nerozhoduje iný súd,
d) všeobecne záväzných právnych predpisov miestnych orgánov štátnej správy a všeobecne záväzných nariadení orgánov územnej samosprávy podľa čl. 71 ods. 2 s ústavou, s ústavnými zákonmi, s medzinárodnými zmluvami vyhlásenými spôsobom ustanoveným zákonom, so zákonmi, s nariadeniami vlády a so všeobecne záväznými právnymi predpismi ministerstiev a ostatných ústredných orgánov štátnej správy, ak o nich nerozhoduje iný súd.
(2) Ak ústavný súd prijme návrh na konanie podľa odseku 1, môţe pozastaviť účinnosť napadnutých právnych predpisov, ich častí, prípadne niektorých ich ustanovení, ak ich ďalšie uplatňovanie môţe ohroziť základné práva a slobody, ak hrozí značná hospodárska škoda alebo iný váţny nenapraviteľný následok.
…
(4) Ústavný súd nerozhoduje o súlade návrhu zákona alebo návrhu iného vseobecne záväzného právneho predpisu s ústavou, s medzinárodnou zmluvou, ktorá bola vyhlásená sposobom ustanoveným zákonom, alebo s ústavným zákonom. Ústavný súd nerozhoduje ani o súlade ústavného zákona s ústavou.
… (Čl. 125)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
The Supreme Federal Court is responsible, essentially, for safeguarding the Constitution, and it is within its competence:
I – to institute legal proceeding and trial, in the first instance, of:
a) direct actions of unconstitutionality of a federal or state law or normative act, and declaratory actions of constitutionality of a federal law or normative act;
b) in common criminal offenses, the President of the Republic, the Vice-President, the members of the National Congress, its own Justices and the Attorney-General of the Republic;
c) in common criminal offenses and crimes of malversation, the Ministers of State and the Commanders of the Navy, the Army, and the Air Force, except as provided in article 52, I, the members of the Superior Courts, those of the Federal Audit Court and the heads of permanent diplomatic missions;
d) habeas corpus, when the petitioner is any one of the persons referred to in the preceding subitems; the writ of mandamus and habeas data against acts of the President of the Republic, of the Directing Boards of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Federal Senate, of the Federal Audit Court, of the Attorney-General of the Republic and of the Supreme Federal Court itself;
e) litigation between a foreign State or an international organization and the Union, a state, the Federal District or a territory;
f) disputes and conflicts between the Union and the states, the Union and the Federal District, or between one another, including the respective indirect administration bodies;
g) extradition requested by a foreign state;
h) (revoked);
i) habeas corpus, when the constraining party is a Superior Court, or when the constraining party or the petitioner is an authority or employee whose acts are directly subject to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Federal Court, or in the case of a crime, subject to the same jurisdiction in one sole instance;
j) criminal review of and actions to overrule its final judgements;
l) claims for the preservation of its powers and guarantee of the authority of its decisions;
m) enforcement of court decisions in the cases where it has original competence, the delegation of duties to perform procedural acts being allowed;
n) a suit in which all members of the judicature are directly or indirectly involved, and a suit in which more than half of the members of the court of origin are disqualified or have a direct or indirect interest;
o) conflicts of powers between the Superior Court of Justice and any other courts, between Superior Courts, or between the latter and any other court;
p) petitions of provisional remedy in direct actions of unconstitutionality;
q) writs of injunction, when drawing up of the regulation is the responsibility of the President of the Republic, of the National Congress, of the Chamber of Deputies, of the Federal Senate, of the Directing Boards of one of these legislative houses, of the Federal Audit Court, of one of the Superior Courts, or of the Supreme Federal Court itself;
r) lawsuits against the National Council of Justice and against the National Council of the Public Prosecution;
II – to judge on ordinary appeal:
a) habeas corpus, writs of mandamus, habeas data and writs of injunction decided in a sole instance by the Superior Courts, in the event of a denial;
b) political crimes;
III – to judge, on extraordinary appeal, cases decided in a sole or last instance, when the decision appealed:
a) is contrary to a provision of this Constitution;
b) declares a treaty or a federal law unconstitutional;
c) considers valid a law or act of a local government contested in the light of this Constitution;
d) considers valid a local law challenged in the light of a federal law.
Paragraph 1. A claim of non-compliance with a fundamental precept deriving from this Constitution shall be examined by the Supreme Federal Court, under the terms of the law.
… (Art. 102) - Portuguese
Compete ao Supremo Tribunal Federal, precipuamente, a guarda da Constituição, cabendo-lhe:
I - processar e julgar, originariamente:
a) a ação direta de inconstitucionalidade de lei ou ato normativo federal ou estadual e a ação declaratória de constitucionalidade de lei ou ato normativo federal;
b) nas infrações penais comuns, o Presidente da República, o Vice-Presidente, os membros do Congresso Nacional, seus próprios Ministros e o Procurador-Geral da República;
c) nas infrações penais comuns e nos crimes de responsabilidade, os Ministros de Estado e os Comandantes da Marinha, do Exército e da Aeronáutica, ressalvado o disposto no art. 52, I, os membros dos Tribunais Superiores, os do Tribunal de Contas da União e os chefes de missão diplomática de caráter permanente;
d) o habeas corpus, sendo paciente qualquer das pessoas referidas nas alíneas anteriores; o mandado de segurança e o habeas data contra atos do Presidente da República, das Mesas da Câmara dos Deputados e do Senado Federal, do Tribunal de Contas da União, do Procurador-Geral da República e do próprio Supremo Tribunal Federal;
e) o litígio entre Estado estrangeiro ou organismo internacional e a União, o Estado, o Distrito Federal ou o Território;
f) as causas e os conflitos entre a União e os Estados, a União e o Distrito Federal, ou entre uns e outros, inclusive as respectivas entidades da administração indireta;
g) a extradição solicitada por Estado estrangeiro;
h) (Revogado pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45, de 2004)
i) o habeas corpus, quando o coator for Tribunal Superior ou quando o coator ou o paciente for autoridade ou funcionário cujos atos estejam sujeitos diretamente à jurisdição do Supremo Tribunal Federal, ou se trate de crime sujeito à mesma jurisdição em uma única instância;
j) a revisão criminal e a ação rescisória de seus julgados;
l) a reclamação para a preservação de sua competência e garantia da autoridade de suas decisões;
m) a execução de sentença nas causas de sua competência originária, facultada a delegação de atribuições para a prática de atos processuais;
n) a ação em que todos os membros da magistratura sejam direta ou indiretamente interessados, e aquela em que mais da metade dos membros do tribunal de origem estejam impedidos ou sejam direta ou indiretamente interessados;
o) os conflitos de competência entre o Superior Tribunal de Justiça e quaisquer tribunais, entre Tribunais Superiores, ou entre estes e qualquer outro tribunal;
p) o pedido de medida cautelar das ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade;
q) o mandado de injunção, quando a elaboração da norma regulamentadora for atribuição do Presidente da República, do Congresso Nacional, da Câmara dos Deputados, do Senado Federal, das Mesas de uma dessas Casas Legislativas, do Tribunal de Contas da União, de um dos Tribunais Superiores, ou do próprio Supremo Tribunal Federal;
r) as ações contra o Conselho Nacional de Justiça e contra o Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público;
II - julgar, em recurso ordinário:
a) o habeas corpus, o mandado de segurança, o habeas data e o mandado de injunção decididos em única instância pelos Tribunais Superiores, se denegatória a decisão;
b) o crime político;
III - julgar, mediante recurso extraordinário, as causas decididas em única ou última instância, quando a decisão recorrida:
a) contrariar dispositivo desta Constituição;
b) declarar a inconstitucionalidade de tratado ou lei federal;
c) julgar válida lei ou ato de governo local contestado em face desta Constituição.
d) julgar válida lei local contestada em face de lei federal.
§ 1.º A argüição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental, decorrente desta Constituição, será apreciada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, na forma da lei.
… (Art. 102)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe following persons and organizations shall have the right to submit matters to obtain the interpretation, resolution and opinion of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union in accord with the prescribed procedures :
(a) the Chief Minister of the Region or State;
(b) the Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw;
(c) the Chairperson of the Self-Administered Division Leading Body or the Self-Administered Zone Leading Body;
(d) Representatives numbering at least ten percent of all the representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw. (Sec. 326) - Burmeseအောက်ပါပုဂ္ဂိုလ် သို့မဟုတ် အဖွဲ့အစည်းများသည် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ ဆိုင်ရာခုံရုံး၏ အဓိပ္ပာယ်ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်၊ ဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်၊ သဘောထားရယူရန်ကိစ္စများကို သတ်မှတ်ထားသော နည်းလမ်း များနှင့်အညီ နိုင်ငံတော်ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံ ဥပဒေဆိုင်ရာခုံရုံးသို့ တင်သွင်းခွင့်ရှိသည်
(က) တိုင်းဒေသကြီး သို့မဟုတ် ပြည်နယ်ဝန်ကြီးချုပ်၊
(ခ) တိုင်းဒေသကြီး သို့မဟုတ် ပြည်နယ်လွှတ်တော်ဥက္ကဌ၊
(ဂ) ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရတိုင်းဦးစီးအဖွဲ့ သို့မဟုတ် ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရဒေသ ဦးစီးအဖွဲ့ဥက္ကဌ၊
(ဃ) ပြည်သူ့လွှတ်တော် သို့မဟုတ် အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော် ကိုယ်စားလှယ်အားလုံး၏ အနည်းဆုံး ၁၀ ရာခိုင်နှုန်း အရေတွက်ရှိသော ကိုယ်စားလှယ်များ။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၂၆)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe authority of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine comprises:
1) deciding on conformity to the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) of:
laws and other legal acts of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine;
acts of the President of Ukraine;
acts of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine;
legal acts of the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
2) official interpretation of the Constitution of Ukraine;
3) exercising other powers provided by the Constitution of Ukraine.
Matters under sub-paragraphs 1, 2 of paragraph one of this Article are considered upon the constitutional petitions of: the President of Ukraine; not less than fortyfive People's Deputies of Ukraine; the Supreme Court; Authorised Human Rights Representative of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine; the Verkhovna Rada of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. (Art. 150) - UkrainianДо повноважень Конституційного Суду України належить:
1) вирішення питань про відповідність Конституції України (конституційність):
законів та інших правових актів Верховної Ради України;
актів Президента України;
актів Кабінету Міністрів України;
правових актів Верховної Ради Автономної Республіки Крим.
2) офіційне тлумачення Конституції України.
3) здійснення інших повноважень, передбачених Конституцією України.
Питання, передбачені пунктами 1, 2 частини першої цієї статті, розглядаються за конституційними поданнями: Президента України; щонайменше сорока п’яти народних депутатів України; Верховного Суду; Уповноваженого Верховної Ради України з прав людини; Верховної Ради Автономної Республіки Крим. (Стаття 150)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English…
(2) Without derogating from the generality of subsection (1) the High Court has jurisdiction -
(a) to enforce the fundamental human rights and freedoms guaranteed by this Constitution; and
(b) to hear and determine any matter of a constitutional nature.
… (Sec. 151)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe mandate of the Supreme Constitutional Court is as follows:
1. Control over the constitutionality of the laws, legislative decrees, bylaws and regulations;
2. Expressing opinion, upon the request of the President of the Republic, on the constitutionality of the draft laws and legislative decrees and the legality of draft decrees;
3. Supervising the election of the President of the Republic and organizing the relevant procedures;
4. Considering the challenges made to the soundness of the measures of electing the President of the Republic and members of the People’s Assembly and ruling on these challenges;
5. Trying the President of the Republic in the case of high treason;
6. The law states its other authorities. (Art. 146) - Arabicتختص المحكمة الدستورية العليا بما يأتي:
1. الرقابة على دستورية القوانين والمراسيم التشريعية واللوائح والأنظمة.
2. إبداء الرأي بناء على طلب من رئيس الجمهورية في دستورية مشروعات القوانين والمراسيم التشريعية وقانونية مشروعات المراسيم.
3. الإشراف على انتخاب رئيس الجمهورية وتنظيم الإجراءات الخاصة بذلك.
4. النظر في الطّعون الخاصّة بصحة انتخاب رئيس الجمهورية وأعضاء مجلس الشعب والبت فيها.
5. محاكمة رئيس الجمهورية في حالة الخيانة العظمى.
6. يبين القانون اختصاصاتها الأخرى. (المادة 146)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English(1) The Supreme Court shall be a superior court of record, shall consist of a Chief Justice and such number of other judges as may from time to time be prescribed by Act, and shall have appellate jurisdiction, as to both law and fact, with final authority to adjudicate all cases and controversies properly brought before it, in accord with this Constitution and other applicable laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
(2) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court:
…
(b) as of right from any final decision of the High Court in the exercise of any appellate jurisdiction, but only if the High Court certifies that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation or effect of any provision of the Constitution;
…
(3) The High Court may, on its own motion or on application of any party to the proceedings, remove to the Supreme Court any question arising as to the interpretation or effect of the Constitution in any proceedings of the High Court, other than proceedings set down for trial before a bench of 3 judges.
… (Art. VI, Sec. 2)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is the competent jurisdiction in constitutional, [and] electoral matters and in [matters] of the fundamental rights and freedoms. It judges the constitutionality of the laws, [and] of the ordinances as well as the conformity of the international treaties and agreements to the Constitution.
It guarantees the exercise of the fundamental rights of the human person and of the public freedoms.
It sees to the regularity of the national elections and of the referendums of which [dont] it proclaims the definitive results.
It is the regulatory organ of the functioning and of the activities of the legislative and executive Powers and of the other organs of the State. (Art. 93) - FrenchLa Cour constitutionnelle est la juridiction compétente en matière constitutionnelle, électorale et des droits et libertés fondamentaux. Elle juge de la constitutionnalité des lois, des ordonnances ainsi que de la conformité des traités et accords internationaux à la Constitution.
Elle garantit l'exercice des droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine et des libertés publiques.
Elle veille à la régularité des élections nationales et des référendums dont elle proclame les résultats définitifs.
Elle est l'organe régulateur du fonctionnement et des activités des pouvoirs législatif et exécutif et des autres organes de l'État. (Art. 93)