Korea, Republic of

1. Nationality in the Republic of Korea shall be prescribed by law.
… (Art. 2)

1. When the constitutionality of a law is at issue in a trial, the court shall request a decision of the Constitutional Court, and shall judge according to the decision thereof.
2. The Supreme Court shall have the power to make a final review of the constitutionality or legality of administrative decrees, regulations or actions, when their constitutionality or legality is at issue in a trial.
… (Art. 107)

1. The Constitution Court shall adjudicate the following matters:
1. The constitutionality of a law upon the request of the courts.
2. Impeachment;
3. Dissolution of a political party;
4. Disputes about the jurisdictions between State agencies, between State agencies and local governments and between local governments; and
5. Petitions relating to the Constitution as prescribed by law.
… (Art. 111)

1. All citizens shall have an equal right to receive an education corresponding to their abilities.
2. All citizens who have children to support shall be responsible at least for their elementary education and other education as provided by law.
3. Compulsory education shall be free.
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5. The State shall promote lifelong education.
6. Fundamental matters pertaining to the educational system, including in-school and lifelong education, administration, finance, and the status of teachers shall be determined by law. (Art. 31)

All citizens shall enjoy freedom of occupation. (Art. 15)

1. All citizens shall have the right to work. The State shall endeavor to promote the employment of workers and to guarantee optimum wages through social and economic means and shall enforce a minimum wage system as prescribed by law.
2. All citizens shall have the duty to work. The State shall prescribe by law the extent and conditions of the duty to work in conformity with democratic principles.
3. Standards of working conditions shall be determined by law in such a way as to guarantee human dignity.
4. Special protection shall be accorded to working women and they shall not be subjected to unjust discrimination in terms of employment, wages and working conditions.
… (Art. 32)

We, the people of Korea, …
To afford equal opportunities to every person and provide for the fullest development of individual capabilities in all fields, including political, economic, social and cultural life by further strengthening the basic free and democratic order conducive to private initiative and public harmony, … (Preamble)

1. All citizens shall be equal before the law, and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic, social or cultural life on account of sex, religion or social status.
2. No privileged caste shall be recognized or ever established in any form.
… (Art. 11)

All citizens shall be assured of human worth and dignity and have the right to pursue happiness. It shall be the duty of the State to confirm and guarantee the fundamental and inviolable human rights of individuals. (Art. 10)

1. Freedoms and rights of citizens shall not be neglected on the grounds that they are not enumerated in the Constitution.
… (Art. 37)

1. Freedoms and rights of citizens shall not be neglected on the grounds that they are not enumerated in the Constitution.
2. The freedoms and rights of citizens may be restricted by law only when necessary for national security, the maintenance of law and order or for public welfare. Even when such restriction is imposed, no essential aspect of the freedom or right shall be violated. (Art. 37)

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3. Under extraordinary martial law, special measures may be taken with respect to the warrant system, freedom of speech, the press, assembly and association, or the powers of the Executive and the Judiciary as prescribed by law.
… (Art. 77)

1. Marriage and family life shall be entered into and sustained on the basis of individual dignity and equality of the sexes, and the State shall guarantee the foregoing.
2. The State shall endeavor to protect motherhood.
… (Art. 36)

We, the people of Korea, …
To afford equal opportunities to every person and provide for the fullest development of individual capabilities in all fields, including political, economic, social and cultural life by further strengthening the basic free and democratic order conducive to private initiative and public harmony, … (Preamble)

1. All citizens shall be equal before the law, and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic, social or cultural life on account of sex, religion or social status.
… (Art. 11)

All citizens shall have the right to hold public office as prescribed by law. (Art. 25)

We, the people of Korea, …
To afford equal opportunities to every person and provide for the fullest development of individual capabilities in all fields, including political, economic, social and cultural life by further strengthening the basic free and democratic order conducive to private initiative and public harmony, … (Preamble)

1. All citizens shall be equal before the law, and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic, social or cultural life on account of sex, religion or social status.
… (Art. 11)

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2. No restrictions shall be imposed upon the political rights of any citizen, … by means of retroactive legislation.
… (Art. 13)

1. All citizens shall enjoy freedom of speech and the press, and freedom of assembly and association.
… (Art. 21)

All citizens shall have the right to vote as prescribed by law. (Art. 24)

1. The establishment of political parties shall be free, and the plural party system shall be guaranteed.
2. Political parties shall be democratic in their objectives, organization and activities, and shall have the necessary organizational arrangements for the people to participate in the formation of the political will.
3. Political parties shall enjoy the protection of the State and may be provided with operational funds by the State as prescribed by law.
4. If the purposes or activities of a political party are contrary to the democratic basic order, the Government may bring action against it in the Constitution Court for its dissolution, and, the political party shall be dissolved in accordance with the decision of the Constitution Court. (Art. 8)

1. Election campaigns shall be conducted under the management of the election commisions at each level within the limit set by law, and equal opportunity shall be guaranteed.
2. Except as otherwise prescribed by law, expenditures for elections shall not be imposed on political parties or candidates. (Art. 116)

1. Election commisions shall be established for the purpose of fair management of elections and national referendums, and dealing with administrative affairs concerning political parties.
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6. The National Election Commission may establish, within the limit of laws and decrees, regulations relating to the management of elections, national referendums, and administrative matters concerning political parties and may also establish regulations relating to internal discipline that are compatible with law.
7. The organization, function and other necessary matters of the election commissions at each level shall be determined by law. (Art. 114)

1. Election campaigns shall be conducted under the management of the election commisions at each level within the limit set by law, and equal opportunity shall be guaranteed.
2. Except as otherwise prescribed by law, expenditures for elections shall not be imposed on political parties or candidates. (Art. 116)

1. The President shall be the Head of State and represent the State vis-a-vis foreign states.
2. The President shall have the responsibility and duty to safeguard the independence, territorial integrity and continuity of the State and the Constitution.
… (Art. 66)

1. The President shall be elected by universal, equal, direct and secret ballot by the people.
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4. Citizens who are eligible for election to the National Assembly, and who have reached the age of forty years or more on the date of the presidential election, shall be eligible to be elected to the presidency.
… (Art. 67)

1. The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President with the consent of the National Assembly.
2. The Prime Minister shall assist the President and shall direct the Executive Ministries under order of the President.
3. No member of the military shall be appointed Prime Minister unless s/he is retired from active duty. (Art. 86)

1. The members of the State Council shall be appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
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4. No member of the military shall be appointed a member of the State Council unless s/he is retired from active duty. (Art. 87)

1. The State Council shall deliberate on important policies that fall within the power of the Executive.
2. The State Council shall be composed of the President, the Prime Minister, and other members whose number shall be no more than thirty and no less than fifteen.
3. The President shall be the chairman of the State Council, and the Prime Minister shall be the Vice-Chairman. (Art. 88)

Heads of Executive Ministries shall be appointed by the President from among members of the State Council on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. (Art. 94)

The legislative power shall be vested in the National Assembly. (Art. 40)

1. The National Assembly shall be composed of members elected by universal, equal, direct and secret ballot by the citizens.
2. The number of members of the National Assembly shall be determined by law, but the number shall not be less than 200.
3. The constituencies of members of the National Assembly, proportional representation and other matters pertaining to National Assembly elections shall be determined by law. (Art. 41)

1. The right of property of all citizens shall be guaranteed.
... (Art. 23)

1. The state shall endeavor to realize the land-to-the-tillers principle with respect to agricultural land. Tenant farming shall be prohibited.
2. The leasing of agricultural land and the consignment management of agricultural land to increase agricultural productivity and to ensure the rational utilization of agricultural land or due to unavoidable circumstances, shall be recognized under the conditions as prescribed by law. (Art. 121)

1. … No person shall be arrested, detained, searched, seized or interrogated except as provided by law and no person shall be punished, placed under preventive restrictions or subject to involuntary labor except as provided by law and through lawful procedures.
2. No citizens shall be tortured or be compelled to testify against himself/herself in criminal cases.
... (Art. 12)

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4. Neither speech nor the press shall violate the honor or rights of other persons nor undermine public morals or social ethics. Should speech or the press violate the honor or rights of other persons, claims may be made for the damage resulting therefrom. (Art. 21)

1. All citizens shall be entitled to a life worthy of human beings.
2. The State shall have the duty to endeavor to promote social security and welfare.
3. The State shall endeavor to promote the welfare and rights of women.
… (Art. 34)

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2. The State shall endeavor to protect motherhood.
… (Art. 36)

Judges shall rule independently according to their conscience and in conformity with the Constitution and laws. (Art. 103)

Acts, decrees, ordinances and treaties in force at the time this Constitution enters into force, shall remain valid unless they are contrary to this Constitution. (Addenda, Art. 5)

1. Treaties duly concluded and promulgated in accordance with the Constitution and the generally recognized rules of international law shall have the same effect as the domestic laws of the Republic of Korea.
... (Art. 6)

Acts, decrees, ordinances and treaties in force at the time this Constitution enters into force, shall remain valid unless they are contrary to this Constitution. (Addenda, Art. 5)

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2. No state religion shall be recognized, and religion and State shall be separated. (Art. 20)

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3. The State shall endeavor to promote the welfare and rights of women.
… (Art. 34)